Antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of methanol extract of Hyssopus angustifolius

This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of Hyssopus angustifolius flower, stem and leaf methanol extracts by employing various in vitro assays. The leaf extract showed the best activity in DPPH (63.2 ± 2.3 μg mL-1) and H2O2  (55.6 ± 2.6 μg mL-1) models compared to the other extracts. However, flower extract exhibited the highest Fe2+ chelating activity (131.4 ± 4.4 μg mL-1). The extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity in linoleic acid peroxidation and reducing power assays, but were not comparable to vitamin C. The stem (23.58 ± 0.7 μg mL-1) and leaf (26.21 ± 1 μg mL-1) extracts showed highest level of antihemolytic activity than the flower extract

Antidepressant and antioxidant activities of Artemisia absinthium L. at flowering stage

Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. Its effects may be correlated with the presence of antioxidant compounds. Methanolic extract of A. absinthium aerial part at flowering stage was screened for antioxidant activities by five complementary test systems. Also, its antidepressant activity was determined by forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). The extract showed good antioxidant activity. Also, the extract showed good reducing power activitybetween 50 and 800 ìgml-1. The extract exhibited a good activity in H2O2 scavenging (IC50 = 243 ± 12.15 ìg ml-1). IC50 for iron ion chelating activity was 419 ± 20.95 ìg ml-1. Quercetin, BHA, EDTA and ascorbicacid used as positive controls in parallel experiments. The extract showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Extract showed good antidepressant activity in FST. The extract shortened remarkably the immobility period during the FST and TST and exhibited a dose dependent activity. All test groups were significantly different form control group (P 0.05) in TST. LD50 was 3700 mg/kg. These results introduced A. absinthium aerial parts as an easily accessible and edible source of natural antioxidants and antidepressant

Biological and pharmacological effects of Delphinium elbursense

Antidepressant, antihypoxic and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of Delphinium elbursense were investigated employing nine various assay systems. Antidepessant activity was examined by using forced swimming test and tail suspension test in mice. The extracts at all tested doses show significant activity as compared to control group. Antihypoxic activity was investigated in two models, haemic and circulatory. The effects were pronounced and dose-dependent in both model of hypoxia. Extracts showed weak antioxidant activity in some models. IC50 for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity was 116.2 ± 5.6 mg ml-1. Extracts showed nitric oxide-scavenging activity between 0.1 and 1.6 mg ml-1 (IC50 = 502.3 ± 18 mg ml-1) and a very weak Fe2+ chelating ability (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.03 mg ml-1). It also exhibited low antioxidant activity in hemoglobin-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid but was capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide in a concentration dependent manner. Extract show antihemolytic activity againts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced hemolysis (558.7 ± 31 mg ml-1). The total phenolic compounds in extract were determined as gallic acid equivalents (52.24 ± 1.7) and total flavonoid contents were calculated as quercetin equivalents (17.26 ± 0.6) from a calibration curve.Keywords: Antidepressant, antihypoxic, Delphinium elbursense, flavonoid contents, forced swimming test, medicinal plants, phenolic contents, tail suspension testAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(34), pp. 5542-5549, 23 August, 201

On the acoustic levitation stability behaviour of spherical and ellipsoidal particles

We present here an in-depth analysis of particle levitation stability and the role of the radial and axial forces exerted on fixed spherical and ellipsoidal particles levitated in an axisymmetric acoustic levitator, over a wide range of particle sizes and surrounding medium viscosities. We show that the stability behaviour of a levitated particle in an axisymmetric levitator is unequivocally connected to the radial forces: the loss of levitation stability is always due to the change of the radial force sign from positive to negative. It is found that the axial force exerted on a sphere of radius ${R}_{s}$ increases with increasing viscosity for ${R}_{s} / \lambda \lt 0. 0125$ ( $\lambda$ is the acoustic wavelength), with the viscous contribution of this force scaling with the inverse of the sphere radius. The axial force decreases with increasing viscosity for spheres with ${R}_{s} / \lambda \gt 0. 0125$ . The radial force, on the other hand, decreases monotonically with increasing viscosity. The radial and axial forces exerted on an ellipsoidal particle are larger than those exerted on a volume-equivalent sphere, up to the point where the ellipsoid starts to act as an obstacle to the formation of the standing wave in the levitator chambe

Some conditions implying normality of operators

Let $T\in\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$ and $T=U|T|$ be its polar decomposition. We proved that (i) if $T$ is log-hyponormal or $p$-hyponormal and $U^n=U^\ast$ for some $n$, then $T$ is normal; (ii) if the spectrum of $U$ is contained in some open semicircle, then $T$ is normal if and only if so is its Aluthge transform $\widetilde{T}=|T|^{1\over2}U|T|^{1\over2}$

The use of embolic signal detection in multicenter trials to evaluate antiplatelet efficacy: signal analysis and quality control mechanisms in the CARESS (Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial

<p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> The CARESS (Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic carotid Stenosis) trial proved the effectiveness of the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin compared with aspirin alone in reducing presence and number of microembolic signals (MES) in patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis. The present study aimed at installing primary and secondary quality control measures in CARESS because MES evaluation relies on subjective judgment by human experts.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> As primary quality control, centers participating in CARESS evaluated a reference digital audio tape (DAT) before the study containing both MES and artifacts. Interobserver agreement of classifying signals as MES was expressed as proportions of specific agreement of positive ratings (ps±values). For all DATs included in CARESS (n=300), online number of MES and off-line number of MES read by the central reader were compared using correlation coefficients. As secondary control, a sample of 16 of 300 DATs was cross-validated by another independent reader (post-trial validator).</p> <p><b>Results:</b> For the reference tape, the cumulative ps±value was 0.894 based on 12 of 14 observers. Two observers with very different results improved after a training procedure. Agreement between post-trial validator and central reader was ps+=0.805, indicating very good agreement. Correlation between online evaluation and off-line evaluation of DATs was very good overall (cumulative ρ=0.84; P<0.001).</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Multicenter studies using MES as outcome parameter are feasible. However, primary and secondary quality control procedures are important.</p&gt

Realization of peace from the perspective of the role of higher education in the field of diplomacy: experience of academic diplomacy in Iran

New diplomacy with a focus on new actors is a ground for removal of misconceptions and solution of conflicts through communication, dialogue and reach of consensus. Higher education institution, especially universities, can be referred as new actors in the field of diplomacy. They can play an important role in communicating mutually and symmetrically. According to the authors, universities can provide the ground for removal of misunderstanding which is the root of violence at the level of communication within universities, both in a form of diplomacy Track II and also, through playing role in the science and technology diplomacy framework and they can be effective in promoting the culture of peace while they present positive image and enhance the country’s position in the international arena. So, in present study, it was tried to analyze the promotion of culture of peace in terms of the effectiveness of higher education on diplomacy institution and also, the position of higher education institution in the diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran by descriptive-analytical method and relying on the Habermas’s communicative action theory.  The results showed that the universities can contribute to the realization and promotion of peace through affecting diplomacy and relying on science and knowledge which are international language; also provided that there is purposeful policy-making to maximum use of the potential of higher education institutions in general, and specifically universities. Especially in Iran, despite negative beliefs, universities can provide positive images in international arena.Keywords: higher education, university, peace, science diplomacy, diplomacy Track I