On the Freiheitssatz

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135658/1/jlms0095.pd

A Search for Lithium-rich Giants among Stars with Infrared Excesses

The unusual nature of the single, rapidly rotating, lithium-rich K giant HDE 233517, which is currently undergoing significant mass loss, prompted a search for giants with similar properties. High-dispersion spectroscopic observations were obtained of HD 219025, a known lithium-rich infrared-excess giant, plus 39 stars from a list of G and K giants with excess far-infrared emission. The projected rotational velocities of the vast majority of infrared-excess giants appear to be similar to those of normal G and K giants. Six giants have lithium abundances at or above theoretical upper envelope values. The percentage of such stars in the sample of 39 infrared-excess giants is similar to that of normal giants. The three giants with the largest lithium abundances have previously been discovered. None of the sample of 39 giants have an Hα line similar to the broadened and very asymmetric line of HDE 233517. The star with optical properties most similar to HDE 233517 is HD 219025

Equivalence of Elements Under Automorphisms of a Free Group

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135230/1/jlms0254.pd

Perturbative behaviour of a vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

We derive a set of equations that describe the shape and behaviour of a single perturbed vortex line in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Through the use of a matched asymptotic expansion and a unique coordinate transform a relation for a vortex's velocity, anywhere along the line, is found in terms of the trapping, rotation, and distortion of the line at that location. This relation is then used to find a set of differential equations that give the line's specific shape and motion. This work corrects a previous similar derivation by Anatoly A. Svidzinsky and Alexander L. Fetter [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{62}, 063617 (2000)], and enables a comparison with recent numerical results.Comment: 12 pages with 3 figure

Shape computations without compositions

Parametric CAD supports design explorations through generative methods which compose and transform geometric elements. This paper argues that elementary shape computations do not always correspond to valid compositional shape structures. In many design cases generative rules correspond to compositional structures, but for relatively simple shapes and rules it is not always possible to assign a corresponding compositional structure of parts which account for all operations of the computation. This problem is brought into strong relief when design processes generate multiple compositions according to purpose, such as product structure, assembly, manufacture, etc. Is it possible to specify shape computations which generate just these compositions of parts or are there additional emergent shapes and features? In parallel, combining two compositions would require the associated combined computations to yield a valid composition. Simple examples are presented which throw light on the issues in integrating different product descriptions (i.e. compositions) within parametric CAD

Strongly bounded groups and infinite powers of finite groups

We define a group as strongly bounded if every isometric action on a metric space has bounded orbits. This latter property is equivalent to the so-called uncountable strong cofinality, recently introduced by G. Bergman. Our main result is that G^I is strongly bounded when G is a finite, perfect group and I is any set. This strengthens a result of Koppelberg and Tits. We also prove that omega_1-existentially closed groups are strongly bounded.Comment: 10 pages, no figure. Versions 1-3 were entitled "Uncountable groups with Property (FH)". To appear in Comm. Algebr

Rapid offline isotopic characterisation of hydrocarbon gases generated by micro scale sealed vessel pyrolysis

The method of offline coupling of micro scale sealed vessel pyrolysis (MSSV-Py) and gas chromatography-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) was developed using a purpose built gas sampling device. The sampling device allows multiple GC and GC-IRMS injections to quantify the molecular composition and isotopic evolution of hydrocarbon gases (n-C1 to n-C5) generated by artificial maturation of sedimentary organic matter. Individual MSSV tubes were introduced into the gas sampling device, which was then evacuated to remove air and filled with helium at atmospheric pressure. The tube was crushed using a plunger after which the device was heated at 120 °C for 1 min to thermally mobilize and equilibrate the generated gas products. Aliquots of the gas phase were sampled using a gas tight syringe and analysed via GC-FID and GC-IRMS. Hydrocarbon gas yields using this technique have been calculated and compared with those obtained previously by online MSSV pyrolysis of the same samples under the same conditions. The major objective of this study was to investigate the potential isotopic fractionation of generated gaseous hydrocarbons within the gas sampling device as a function of time and temperature. For this purpose several tests using a standard gas mixture have been performed on the GC-IRMS. The analyses showed no isotopic fractionation of C1–5 hydrocarbons within 1 hour, minor δ13C enrichment after 5 hours, and significant enrichment after 22 hours for all the compounds at a temperature of 120 °C

Bauran Pemasaran Buah Durian di Kawasan Boulevard Mall, Kota Manado

The purpose of this study was to identify elements in "Marketing Mix 4P" which applies to the marketing of durian at Boulevard Mall, Manado. This research was carried out for 2 months from April to May 2016. Data was retrieved through a survey consisting of primary and secondary data. Data was collected using a "purposive sampling" method, intentionally interviewing six respondents from fifteen respondents in the area of Boulevard Mall, Manado. There are four types of durians sold in Boulevard Mall: durian gajah, durian susu, durian mentega, and durian madu. Prices are relatively affordable and vary based on the type, with the highest price being durian gajah. The sale location in Boulevard Mall was selected by the sellers because it is within easy reach of the southern part of Manado and has a lively atmosphere. It is close to the beach, which is an ideal setting for relaxing while enjoying durian. Sellers promote their goods to consumers by offering an opportunity to bid prices, giving bonuses when consumers buy a certain amount, offering delivery services, and giving consumers the opportunity to taste test it for free