140 research outputs found
L'infection par le VIH chez les femmes en ùge de procréer à Sassandra (CÎte d'Ivoire)
Le travail, rĂ©alisĂ© en 1988-1989, a consistĂ© Ă comparer les caractĂ©ristiques socio-dĂ©mographiques des femmes en Ăąge de procrĂ©er (15-49 ans) d'une sous-prĂ©fecture rurale de CĂŽte d'Ivoire (Sassandra) avec leur statut sĂ©rologique VIH afin de dĂ©gager des variables explicatives de cette sĂ©ropositivitĂ©. Il n'a pas Ă©tĂ© possible de tester que 521 femmes sur les 1084 qui constituaient la population de dĂ©part, mais les deux sous-populations ne diffĂšrent que par les lieux de naissance et de rĂ©sidence. La sĂ©ropositivitĂ© trĂ©ponĂ©mique est Ă©levĂ©e, de façon homogĂšne. Pour la sĂ©ropositivitĂ© du VIH, le taux global de sĂ©ropositivitĂ© est de 6,1 plus ou moins 0,02 %, soit un taux intermĂ©diaire (diffĂ©rences non significatives) entre ceux trouvĂ©s lors de l'enquĂȘte nationale en zone rurale (4,9 %) et en zone urbaine (7,3 %). Ce taux de sĂ©ropositivitĂ© est liĂ© au lieu de naissance (mĂȘme aprĂšs ajustement sur le taux de prĂ©sentation); les femmes nĂ©es dans la rĂ©gion sont plus souvent positives que les autres et les femmes nĂ©es dans les villages plus souvent que celles nĂ©es en ville (p = 0,005 et 0,02). En revanche, les femmes mariĂ©es sont moins souvent positives que les femmes non mariĂ©es et que celles vivant en union libre (p = 0,02 et 0,0005); la polygamie semble apporter une certaine protection envers le VIH par rapport Ă la monogamie. Enfin les femmes sĂ©ropositives ont eu plus souvent des enfants mort-nĂ©s et moins souvent des enfants dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s que les femmes sĂ©ronĂ©gatives (p = 0,02 et 0,03). Il est proposĂ© de renforcer les activitĂ©s de surveillance prĂ©natale et de les renforcer surtout en zone rurale pour prĂ©venir de nouvelles infections par le VIH. (RĂ©sumĂ© d'auteur
Relationship between leptin content, metabolic hormones and fat deposition in three beef cattle breeds. The Veterinary Journal (2008) 177 273-278
Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 2. Separating the relative effects of gene flow and genetic drift
International audienceStudying wild pathogen populations in natural ecosystems offers the opportunity to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of biotic diseases in crops and to enhance pest control strategies. We used simulations and genetic markers to investigate the spatial and temporal population genetic structure of wild populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii on a wild host plant species, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima), the wild ancestor of cultivated beets. Our analysis of the variation of eight microsatellite loci across four study sites showed that (i) wild H. schachtii populations displayed fine-scaled genetic structure with no evidence of substantial levels of gene flow beyond the scale of the host plant, and comparisons with simulations indicated that (ii) genetic drift substantially affected the residual signals of isolation-by-distance processes, leading to departures from migrationâdrift equilibrium. In contrast to what can be suspected for (crop) field populations, this showed that wild cyst nematodes have very low dispersal capabilities and are strongly disconnected from each other. Our results provide some key elements for designing pest control strategies , such as decreasing passive dispersal events to limit the spread of virulence among field nematode populations
Potential spironolactone effects on collagen metabolism biomarkers in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure.
BACKGROUND: An increase in myocardial collagen content may contribute to the development of heart failure; this might be inhibited or reversed by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). We investigated changes in serum concentrations of the collagen synthesis biomarkers N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP) (primary outcome) and C-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP) (secondary outcome) after non-randomised initiation of spironolactone as add-on therapy among patients with resistant hypertension enrolled in the 'Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes' trial (ASCOT). METHODS: An age/sex matching plus propensity-scored logistic regression model incorporating variables related to the outcome and spironolactone treatment was created to compare patients treated with spironolactone for a 9-month period versus matched controls. A within-person analysis comparing changes in serum biomarker concentrations in the 9âmonths before versus after spironolactone treatment was also performed. RESULTS: Patients included in the between-person analysis (n=146) were well matched: the mean age was 63±7 years and 11% were woman. Serum concentrations of PIIINP and PICP rose in 'controls' and fell during spironolactone treatment (adjusted means +0.52 (-0.05 to 1.09) vs -0.41 (-0.97 to 0.16)âng/mL, p=0.031 for PIIINP and +4.54(-1.77 to 10.9) vs -6.36 (-12.5 to -0.21) ng/mL, p=0.023 for PICP). For the within-person analysis (n=173), spironolactone treatment was also associated with a reduction in PICP (beta estimate=-11.82(-17.53 to -6.10) ng/mL, p<0.001) but not in PIIINP levels. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with spironolactone was associated with a reduction in serum biomarkers of collagen synthesis independently of blood pressure in patients with hypertension, suggesting that spironolactone might exert favourable effects on myocardial collagen synthesis and fibrosis. Whether this effect might contribute to slowing the progression to heart failure is worth investigating
Un réseau fluviatile d'ùge Burdigalien terminal dans le Sud-Est de la France : remplissage, extension, ùge, implications
Enseignants et enseignements au cĆur de la transmission des savoirs
Ce recueil est consacrĂ© Ă la question de la transmission des savoirs abordĂ©e non pas comme un transfert individuel, de personne Ă personne, dans le cadre de la famille ou de lâatelier, mais comme un systĂšme formel combinant de façon plus structurĂ©e un ou des enseignements. Cette problĂ©matique a fait lâobjet de trĂšs nombreuses confĂ©rences, dâune extrĂȘme diversitĂ©, prĂ©sentĂ©es lors du 143e CongrĂšs national des sociĂ©tĂ©s historiques et scientifiques tenu Ă Paris, en 2018. Leur point commun est principalement de sâinterroger sur la transmission des savoirs par lâenseignement, son Ă©ventuelle formalisation, ses acteurs, ses mĂ©thodes et ses outils, voire ses enjeux. Le CongrĂšs national des sociĂ©tĂ©s historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque annĂ©e universitaires, membres de sociĂ©tĂ©s savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s lors du 143e CongrĂšs sur le thĂšme « La transmission des savoirs »
Systems biology combining human- and animal-data miRNA and mRNA data identifies new targets in ureteropelvic junction obstruction
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 nonâcritically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022).
INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (nâ=â257), ARB (nâ=â248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; nâ=â10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; nâ=â264) for up to 10 days.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ supportâfree days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes.
RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ supportâfree days among critically ill patients was 10 (â1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (nâ=â231), 8 (â1 to 17) in the ARB group (nâ=â217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (nâ=â231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ supportâfree days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570
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