1,142 research outputs found
Assessing differences in legislators’ revealed preferences: a case study on the 107th U.S. Senate
Roll call data are widely used to assess legislators’ preferences and ideology, as well as test theories of legislative behavior. In particular, roll call data is often used to determine whether the revealed preferences of legislators are affected by outside forces such as party pressure, minority status or procedural rules. This paper describes a Bayesian hierarchical model that extends existing spatial voting models to test sharp hypotheses about differences in preferences using posterior probabilities associated with such hypotheses. We use our model to investigate the effect of the change of party majority status during the 107th U.S. Senate on the revealed preferences of senators. This analysis provides evidence that change in party affiliation might affect the revealed preferences of legislators, but provides no evidence about the effect of majority status on the revealed preferences of legislators
Static critical behavior of the ferromagnetic transition in LaMnO3.14 manganite
The ferromagnetic phase transition in LaMnO3.14 is investigated by measuring
the dc magnetization as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Modified
Arrott plot and Kouvel Fisher analysis yield estimates for the critical
exponents beta, and gama, with values between that predicted for the Heisenberg
model and mean field theory. At low fields we found an anomalous small value of
beta, indicating that the critical behavior is influenced by the range of
magnetic fields used.Comment: Presented at ICM 2000 conference. Accepted for publication at J.
Magn. Magn. Mate
Multiple Ideal Points: Revealed Preferences in Different Domains
We extend classical ideal point estimation to allow voters to have different preferences when voting in different domains—for example, when voting on agricultural policy than when voting on defense policy. Our scaling procedure results in estimated ideal points on a common scale. As a result, we are able to directly compare a member’s revealed preferences across different domains of voting (different sets of motions) to assess if, for example, a member votes more conservatively on agriculture motions than on defense. In doing so, we are able to assess the extent to which voting behavior of an individual voter is consistent with a uni-dimensional spatial model—if a member has the same preferences in all domains. The key novelty is to estimate rather than assume the identity of “stayers”—voters whose revealed preference is constant across votes. Our approach offers methodology for investigating the relationship between the basic space and issue space in legislative voting (Poole 2007). There are several methodological advantages to our approach. First, our model allows for testing sharp hypotheses. Second, the methodology developed can be understood as a kind of partial-pooling model for item response theory scaling, resulting in less uncertainty of estimates. Related, our estimation method provides a principled and unified approach to the issue of “granularity” (i.e., the level of aggregation) in the analysis of roll-call data (Crespin and Rohde 2010; Roberts et al. 2016). We illustrate the model by estimating U.S. House of Representatives members’ revealed preferences in different policy domains, and identify several other potential applications of the model including: studying the relationship between committee and floor voting behavior; and investigating constituency influence and representation
Modification of the Landau-Lifshitz Equation in the Presence of a Spin-Polarized Current in CMR and GMR Materials
We derive a continuum equation for the magnetization of a conducting
ferromagnet in the presence of a spin-polarized current. Current effects enter
in the form of a topological term in the Landau-Lifshitz equation . In the
stationary situation the problem maps onto the motion of a classical charged
particle in the field of a magnetic monopole. The spatial dependence of the
magnetization is calculated for a one-dimensional geometry and suggestions for
experimental observation are made. We also consider time-dependent solutions
and predict a spin-wave instability for large currents.Comment: 4 two-column pages in RevTex, 3 ps-figure
High Temperature Ferromagnetism with Giant Magnetic Moment in Transparent Co-doped SnO2-d
Occurrence of room temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in pulsed laser
deposited thin films of Sn1-xCoxO2-d (x<0.3). Interestingly, films of
Sn0.95Co0.05O2-d grown on R-plane sapphire not only exhibit ferromagnetism with
a Curie temperature close to 650 K, but also a giant magnetic moment of about 7
Bohr-Magneton/Co, not yet reported in any diluted magnetic semiconductor
system. The films are semiconducting and optically highly transparent.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Epitaxial growth and electrical-transport properties of Ti7Si2C5 thin films synthesized by reactive sputter-deposition
The interview as narrative ethnography : seeking and shaping connections in qualitative research.
Acts of counter-subjectification in qualitative research are always present but are often submerged in accounts that seek to locate the power of subjectification entirely with the researcher. This is particularly so when talking to people about sensitive issues. Based on an interview-based study of infertility and reproductive disruption among British Pakistanis in Northeast England, we explore how we, as researchers, sought and were drawn into various kinds of connections with the study participants; connections that were actively and performatively constructed through time. The three of us that conducted interviews are all female academics with Ph.Ds in anthropology, but thereafter our backgrounds, life stories and experiences diverge in ways that intersected with those of our informants in complex and shifting ways. We describe how these processes shaped the production of narrative accounts and consider some of the associated analytical and ethical implications
Dynamic piezoelectric response of relaxor single crystal under electrically driven inter-ferroelectric phase transformations
Critical Temperature of Ferromagnetic Transition in Three-Dimensional Double-Exchange Models
Ferromagnetic transition in three-dimensional double-exchange models is
studied by the Monte Carlo method. Critical temperature is
precisely determined by finite-size scaling analysis. Strong spin fluctuations
in this itinerant system significantly reduce from mean-field
estimates. By choosing appropriate parameters, obtained values of
quantitatively agree with experiments for the ferromagnetic metal regime of
(La,Sr)MnO, which is a typical perovskite manganite showing colossal
magnetoresistance. This indicates that the double-exchange mechanism alone is
sufficient to explain in this material. Critical exponents are also
discussed.Comment: 4 pages including 1 table and 4 figures, to be published in J. Phys.
Soc. Jp
Tunable Multiferroic Properties in Nanocomposite PbTiO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e-CoFe\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e Epitaxial Thin Films
We report on the synthesis of PbTiO3–CoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites and continuous tuning of their ferroelectric and magnetic properties as a function of the average composition on thin-film composition spreads. The highest dielectric constant and nonlinear dielectric signal was observed at (PbTiO3)85–(CoFe2O4)15, where robust magnetism was also observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a pancake-shaped epitaxial nanostructure of PbTiO3 on the order of 30 nm embedded in the matrix of CoFe2O4 at this composition. Composition dependent ferroics properties observed here indicate that there is considerable interdiffusion of cations into each other
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