Curative Care as the Access Point to Rural Social Transformation a Case Study of the Comprehensive Rural Health Project

Health inequities based on geographic differences and between rural and urban populations in modern India demonstrate the stark differences in health access and community development throughout the country. More than 70% of the Indian population lives in rural areas, and yet a greater proportion of health care spending is devoted to urban populations. In 2004-5, 29.2% of both central and state public expenditures were allocated to urban allopathic services while 11.8% went to rural allopathic services (Balarajan, Selvaraj, and Subramanian 2011, 508). There are more than twice as many government beds in urban than in rural areas and geographic distribution of health care services have been unplanned and unequal within India, to the detriment of the rural poor (CBHI 2008). The Indian government has not been able to provide the timely and quality emergency medical services to the masses, particularly in rural areas. According to a report from the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), and the Government of India, the average villager has to travel 2.2 km to receive a paracetamol tablet, over 6km for a blood test, and 20km for hospital care (Garg et al. 2012). Studies have found that there are often problems in rural areas where the most basic emergency obstetric care has been found to be lacking (Subhan and Jain 2010). 39 million Indians per year fall into poverty from out –of-pocket expenditures for health care, and out of this 30.6 million are from rural areas (Balarajan, Selvaraj, and Subramanian 2011, 510)

Chapter 12 Chinese media translation

The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Translation presents expert and new research in analysing and solving translation problems centred on the Chinese language in translation. The Handbook includes both a review of and a distinctive approach to key themes in Chinese translation, such as translatability and equivalence, extraction of collocation, and translation from parallel and comparable corpora. In doing so, it undertakes to synthesise existing knowledge in Chinese translation, develops new frameworks for analysing Chinese translation problems, and explains translation theory appropriate to the Chinese context. The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Translation is an essential reference work for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and scholars actively researching in this area

Exploration of Walking Behavior in Vermont Using Spatial Regression

This report focuses on the relationship between walking and its contributing factors by applying spatial regression methods. Using the Vermont data from the New England Transportation Survey (NETS), walking variables as well as 170 independent variables are derived including some through spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Among those independent variables, people’s lifestyle and perception of the built environment variables are included. A linear regression model is first established to serve as a base model for comparisons with spatial regression models. The results reveal that people’s lifestyle and perception of the built environment are significant variables explaining Vermonters’ walking behavior. Methodologically, the results reveal that no spatial effect is found and that there are no significant differences between the linear and spatial regression models. Therefore, the study concludes that it may be appropriate to apply traditional non-spatial statistical tools to analyze the relationship between walking and its contributing factors. However, the study suggests that researchers examine whether spatial effect exists in these inherently spatial behaviors before using only traditional statistics. This caution is particularly relevant as methods to estimate spatial models become more commonplace and easily available. The two spatial methods used in this report both reveal small but different challenges

A comparative study of depression in Bantu, Khoisan and Chinese Wu – laryngeal settings and feature specifications

This paper aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of depressors by offering a comparative perspective of the types of depressors from Bantu, Khoisan and Chinese Wu. Depressor effects in Bantu/Khoisan, on the one hand, and Chinese, on the other, are hardly dealt with together leaving a more holistic approach untapped. This paper begins to bridge that gap by bringing together current findings to establish the full scope of depressor effects, from which future analyses can then build on. It is systematically observed that depressors in these languages are not restricted to voicing only. Rather, they range from voiced and breathy sounds – the most unmarked – to voiceless unaspirated sounds and even voiceless aspirated sounds as the most marked depressor type. The expansion of depressors to voiceless aspirated sounds is particularly interesting, since these sounds are traditionally assumed to correlate with a high pitch which is characteristic of high tone. Thus, the laryngeal configurations for voiceless depressors are examined and compared between Bantu, Khoisan and Chinese Wu. Proposed feature analyses for depressors are also discussed and compared.Keywords: depressors, Bantu, Khoisan, Chinese Wu, laryngeal specificatio

Picking the Underused Heads: A Network Pruning Perspective of Attention Head Selection for Fusing Dialogue Coreference Information

The Transformer-based models with the multi-head self-attention mechanism are widely used in natural language processing, and provide state-of-the-art results. While the pre-trained language backbones are shown to implicitly capture certain linguistic knowledge, explicitly incorporating structure-aware features can bring about further improvement on the downstream tasks. However, such enhancement often requires additional neural components and increases training parameter size. In this work, we investigate the attention head selection and manipulation strategy for feature injection from a network pruning perspective, and conduct a case study on dialogue summarization. We first rank attention heads in a Transformer-based summarizer with layer-wise importance. We then select the underused heads through extensive analysis, and inject structure-aware features by manipulating the selected heads. Experimental results show that the importance-based head selection is effective for feature injection, and dialogue summarization can be improved by incorporating coreference information via head manipulation

Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults

Liu, C., & Latham, N. K. (2009). Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD002759. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002759.pub

Chapter 2 Public Diplomacy Strategies Represented Domestically through Ports along 21st Maritime Silk Road

As a country in transition, Chinese news discourse has quite distinctive characteristics, and more so given the power of state media in society. With China’s engagement in world affairs and its massive Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) now in place, Western media coverage of China has dramatically increased. Against this backdrop, news dissemination and discourse demonstrate a need for academia to give perspectives with interdisciplinary approaches. Chinese News Discourse presents original research from academics in China and the West, showing theoretical, methodological and practical dimensions between news media and discourse. The book focuses on Chinese news discourse by examining what new modern features it demonstrates in contrast and comparison to news discourses in other countries in the coverage of such hot topics as the BRI or the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, just to name a few. This book is a useful resource for scholars and students of discourse, language, media and communication studies, as well as translation studies