9,483 research outputs found
Optimization of a neutrino factory oscillation experiment
We discuss the optimization of a neutrino factory experiment for neutrino
oscillation physics in terms of muon energy, baselines, and oscillation
channels (gold, silver, platinum). In addition, we study the impact and
requirements for detector technology improvements, and we compare the results
to beta beams. We find that the optimized neutrino factory has two baselines,
one at about 3000 to 5000km, the other at about 7500km (``magic'' baseline).
The threshold and energy resolution of the golden channel detector have the
most promising optimization potential. This, in turn, could be used to lower
the muon energy from about 50GeV to about 20GeV. Furthermore, the inclusion of
electron neutrino appearance with charge identification (platinum channel)
could help for large values of \sin^2 2 \theta_{13}. Though tau neutrino
appearance with charge identification (silver channel) helps, in principle, to
resolve degeneracies for intermediate \sin^2 2 \theta_{13}, we find that
alternative strategies may be more feasible in this parameter range. As far as
matter density uncertainties are concerned, we demonstrate that their impact
can be reduced by the combination of different baselines and channels. Finally,
in comparison to beta beams and other alternative technologies, we clearly can
establish a superior performance for a neutrino factory in the case \sin^2 2
\theta_{13} < 0.01.Comment: 51 pages, 25 figures, 6 tables, references corrected, final version
to appear in Phys. Rev.
Universal transport signatures of Majorana fermions in superconductor-Luttinger liquid junctions
One of the most promising proposals for engineering topological
superconductivity and Majorana fermions employs a spin-orbit coupled nanowire
subjected to a magnetic field and proximate to an s-wave superconductor. When
only part of the wire's length contacts to the superconductor, the remaining
conducting portion serves as a natural lead that can be used to probe these
Majorana modes via tunneling. The enhanced role of interactions in one
dimension dictates that this configuration should be viewed as a
superconductor-Luttinger liquid junction. We investigate such junctions between
both helical and spinful Luttinger liquids, and topological as well as
non-topological superconductors. We determine the phase diagram for each case
and show that universal low-energy transport in these systems is governed by
fixed points describing either perfect normal reflection or perfect Andreev
reflection. In addition to capturing (in some instances) the familiar
Majorana-mediated `zero-bias anomaly' in a new framework, we show that
interactions yield dramatic consequences in certain regimes. Indeed, we
establish that strong repulsion removes this conductance anomaly altogether
while strong attraction produces dynamically generated effective Majorana modes
even in a junction with a trivial superconductor. Interactions further lead to
striking signatures in the local density of states and the line-shape of the
conductance peak at finite voltage, and also are essential for establishing
smoking-gun transport signatures of Majorana fermions in spinful Luttinger
liquid junctions.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, v
Symmetric Brownian motor
In this paper we present a model of a symmetric Brownian motor (SBM) which
changes the sign of its velocity when the temperature gradient is inverted. The
velocity, external work and efficiency are studied as a function of the
temperatures of the baths and other relevant parameters. The motor shows a
current reversal when another parameter (a phase shift) is varied. Analytical
predictions and results from numerical simulations are performed and agree very
well. Generic properties of this type of motors are discussed.Comment: 8 pages and 10 figure
Procalcitonin in Early Detection of Postoperative Infectious Complications. the Comparison with a Set of Cytokines, Soluble Cytokine Receptors and Acute Phase Proteins
Communicating the Handling of Nonresponse Error in Journal of Extension Research in Brief Articles
This article reports a study designed to describe historical treatment of nonresponse error in the Journal of Extension. All Research in Brief articles (N=83) published in JOE (1995-99) were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Results showed that not mentioning nonresponse error, not controlling nonresponse error, or not citing the literature were the norm and not the exception. It is recommended that Extension researchers address nonresponse error when it is a threat to the external validity of their study. Recommendations for additional study and adoption of methods for handling nonresponse are provided
Geometric scaling of purely-elastic flow instabilities
We present a combined experimental, numerical and theoretical investigation
of the geometric scaling of the onset of a purely-elastic flow instability in a
serpentine channel. Good qualitative agreement is obtained between experiments,
using dilute solutions of flexible polymers in microfluidic devices, and
two-dimensional numerical simulations using the UCM model. The results are
confirmed by a simple theoretical analysis, based on the dimensionless
criterion proposed by Pakdel-McKinley for onset of a purely-elastic
instability
First Detection of HCO Absorption in the Magellanic System
We present the first detection of HCO absorption in the Magellanic
System. Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we observed 9
extragalactic radio continuum sources behind the Magellanic System and detected
HCO absorption towards one source located behind the leading edge of the
Magellanic Bridge. The detection is located at LSR velocity of , with a full width at half maximum of and optical depth of .
Although there is abundant neutral hydrogen (HI) surrounding the sightline in
position-velocity space, at the exact location of the absorber the HI column
density is low, , and there is little evidence for dust
or CO emission from Planck observations. While the origin and survival of
molecules in such a diffuse environment remains unclear, dynamical events such
as HI flows and cloud collisions in this interacting system likely play an
important role.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
En-route to the fission-fusion reaction mechanism: a status update on laser-driven heavy ion acceleration
The fission-fusion reaction mechanism was proposed in order to generate
extremely neutron-rich nuclei close to the waiting point N = 126 of the rapid
neutron capture nucleosynthesis process (r-process). The production of such
isotopes and the measurement of their nuclear properties would fundamentally
help to increase the understanding of the nucleosynthesis of the heaviest
elements in the universe. Major prerequisite for the realization of this new
reaction scheme is the development of laser-based acceleration of ultra-dense
heavy ion bunches in the mass range of A = 200 and above. In this paper, we
review the status of laser-driven heavy ion acceleration in the light of the
fission-fusion reaction mechanism. We present results from our latest
experiment on heavy ion acceleration, including a new milestone with
laser-accelerated heavy ion energies exceeding 5 MeV/u
Search for hidden-photon dark matter with the FUNK experiment
Many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics predict a parallel
sector of a new U(1) symmetry, giving rise to hidden photons. These hidden
photons are candidate particles for cold dark matter. They are expected to
kinetically mix with regular photons, which leads to a tiny oscillating
electric-field component accompanying dark matter particles. A conducting
surface can convert such dark matter particles into photons which are emitted
almost perpendicularly to the surface. The corresponding photon frequency
follows from the mass of the hidden photons. In this contribution we present a
preliminary result on a hidden photon search in the visible and near-UV
wavelength range that was done with a large, 14 m2 spherical metallic mirror
and discuss future dark matter searches in the eV and sub-eV range by
application of different detectors for electromagnetic radiation.Comment: Contribution to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference
ICRC2017, 10 to 20 July, 2017, Bexco, Busan, Korea. arXiv admin note: text
overlap with arXiv:1711.0296
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