Electrically Heatable Graphene Aerogels as Nanoparticle Supports in Adsorptive Desulfurization and High‐Pressure CO2 Capture

Reduced‐graphene‐oxide (rGO) aerogels provide highly stabilising, multifunctional, porous supports for hydrotalcite‐derived nanoparticles, such as MgAl‐mixed‐metal‐oxides (MgAl‐MMO), in two commercially important sorption applications. Aerogel‐supported MgAl‐MMO nanoparticles show remarkable enhancements in adsorptive desulfurization performance compared to unsupported nanoparticle powders, including substantial increases in organosulfur uptake capacity (>100% increase), sorption kinetics (>30‐fold), and nanoparticle regeneration stability (>3 times). Enhancements in organosulfur capacity are also observed for aerogel‐supported NiAl‐ and CuAl‐metal‐nanoparticles. Importantly, the electrical conductivity of the rGO aerogel network adds completely new functionality by enabling accurate and stable nanoparticle temperature control via direct electrical heating of the graphitic support. Support‐mediated resistive heating allows for thermal nanoparticle recycling at much faster heating rates (>700 °C∙min−1) and substantially reduced energy consumption, compared to conventional, external heating. For the first time, the CO2 adsorption performance of MgAl‐MMO/rGO hybrid aerogels is assessed under elevated‐temperature and high‐CO2‐pressure conditions relevant for pre‐combustion carbon capture and hydrogen generation technologies. The total CO2 capacity of the aerogel‐supported MgAl‐MMO nanoparticles is more than double that of the unsupported nanoparticles and reaches 2.36 mmol·CO2 g−1 ads (at p CO2 = 8 bar, T = 300 °C), outperforming other high‐pressure CO2 adsorbents

The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2024: phenotypes around the world.

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English. Since our last report, a total of 2239 new HPO terms and 49235 new HPO annotations were developed, many in collaboration with external groups in the fields of psychiatry, arthrogryposis, immunology and cardiology. The Medical Action Ontology (MAxO) is a new effort to model treatments and other measures taken for clinical management. Finally, the HPO consortium is contributing to efforts to integrate the HPO and the GA4GH Phenopacket Schema into electronic health records (EHRs) with the goal of more standardized and computable integration of rare disease data in EHRs

In-motion ultrasonic testing of the tread of high-speed railway wheels using the inspection system AUROPA III

The treads of railway wheels are subject to high load and wear and their integrity is essential for the safety of the whole train. Visual inspections and optical gauging of the wheel profile are commonly applied for high-speed trains. AUROPA III is a rather new ultrasonic inspection system for the fast and early detection of crack-like defects in the tread of railway wheels. The system enables the inspection of the whole circumference of the tread while the train passes over stationary ultrasonic probes at speeds of up to 15 km/h. EMAT probes are used which do not require liquid couplings. The ultrasonic wave propagates as a surface wave in the near-surface zone of the tread; crack-like defects in this zone are detected by echoes and attenuation of the transmitted wave. This system can inspect all the wheels of a train in a few minutes and allows a fast screening of the condition of the tread

Self‐propagating Combustion Triggered Synthesis of 3D Lamellar Graphene/BaFe12O19 Composite and Its Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties

The synthesis of 3D lamellar graphene/BaFe12O19 composites was performed by oxidizing graphite and sequentially self‐propagating combustion triggered process. The 3D lamellar graphene structures were formed due to the synergistic effect of the tremendous heat induced gasification as well as huge volume expansion. The 3D lamellar graphene/BaFe12O19 composites bearing 30 wt % graphene present the reflection loss peak at −27.23 dB as well as the frequency bandwidth at 2.28 GHz (< −10 dB). The 3D lamellar graphene structures could consume the incident waves through multiple Reflection and scattering within the layered structures, Prolonging the propagation path of electromagnetic waves in the absorbers

Research progress and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology based on hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is now a common cause of cancer death, with no obvious change in patient survival over the past few years. Although the traditional therapeutic modalities for HCC patients mainly involved in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which have achieved admirable achievements, challenges are still existed, such as drug resistance and toxicity. The emerging gene therapy of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9-based (CRISPR/Cas9), as an alternative to traditional treatment methods, has attracted considerable attention for eradicating resistant malignant tumors and regulating multiple crucial events of target gene-editing. Recently, advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based anti-drugs are presented at the intersection of science, such as chemistry, materials science, tumor biology, and genetics. In this review, the principle as well as statues of CRISPR/Cas9 technique were introduced first to show its feasibility. Additionally, the emphasis was placed on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in therapeutic HCC. Further, a broad overview of non-viral delivery systems for the CRISPR/Cas9-based anti-drugs in HCC treatment was summarized to delineate their design, action mechanisms, and anticancer applications. Finally, the limitations and prospects of current studies were also discussed, and we hope to provide comprehensively theoretical basis for the designing of anti-drugs

Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Remaining Giant Panda Populations

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is among the more familiar symbols of species conservation. The protection of giant panda populations has been aided recently by the establishment of more and better-managed reserves in existing panda habitat located in six mountain ranges in western China. These remaining populations are becoming increasingly isolated from one another, however, leading to the concern that historic patterns of gene flow will be disrupted and that reduced population sizes will lead to diminished genetic variability. We analyzed four categories of molecular genetic markers (mtDNA restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms [RFLP], mtDNA control region sequences, nuclear multilocus DNA fingerprints, and microsatellite size variation) in giant pandas from three mountain populations (Qionglai, Minshan, and Qinling) to assess current levels of genetic diversity and to detect evidence of historic population subdivisions. The three populations had moderate levels of genetic diversity compared with similarly studied carnivores for all four gene measures, with a slight but consistent reduction in variability apparent in the smaller Qinling population. That population also showed significant differentiation consistent with its isolation since historic times. From a strictly genetic perspective, the giant panda species and the three populations look promising insofar as they have retained a large amount of genetic diversity in each population, although evidence of recent population reduction—likely from habitat loss—is apparent. Ecological management to increase habitat, population expansion, and gene flow would seem an effective strategy to stabilize the decline of this endangered species