''Sex Changes'? Paradigm Shifts in 'Sex' and 'Gender' Following the Gender Recognition Act?'

Gender transformations are normatively understood as somatic, based on surgical reassignment, where the sexed body is aligned with the gender identity of the individual through genital surgery – hence the common lexicon \'sex change surgery\'. We suggest that the UK Gender Recognition Act 2004 challenges what constitutes a \'sex change\' through the Act\'s definitions and also the conditions within which legal \'recognition\' is permitted. The sex/gender distinction, (where sex normatively refers to the sexed body, and gender, to social identity) is demobilised both literally and legally. This paper discusses the history of medico-socio-legal definitions of sex have been developed through decision making processes when courts have been faced with people with gender variance and , in particular, the implications of the Gender Recognition Act for our contemporary legal understanding of sex. We ask, and attempt to answer, has \'sex\' changed?Transgender; Transsexual; Sex; Gender; Sex Change; Gender Identity; Legal Identities

¿Quién reubicará a los hombres solteros de Siria?

Los programas de reasentamiento para refugiados sirios limitan severamente el acceso a la reubicación de hombres solteros sirios, a pesar de las condiciones de vulnerabilidad, inseguridad y peligro en las que viven

Explaining the (Non-)Encampment of Syrian Refugees: Security, Class and the Labour Market in Lebanon and Jordan

In Lebanon and Jordan the (non-)encampment of Syrian refugees is serving states’ labour market goals. The Lebanese economy ‘requires’ large numbers of non-encamped low-wage Syrian workers, but the Jordanian regime assists its Transjordanian support base by restricting poor Syrians’ access to the labour market through encampment. While acknowledging the importance of both states’ differing historical experiences hosting refugees, and the security and budgetary motivations for policies of (non-)encampment, this article uses a critical political economy analysis of economic and labour market statistics to dislodge the centrality of the security discourses that increasingly inform discussions of refugee populations and the policies directed towards them. It demonstrates that the camp is not only a space of humanitarianism or a fertile ground for armed militancy, but a tool through which states spatially segregate those refugees, of certain socio-economic classes, whom they deem surplus to labour market requirements

Who will resettle single Syrian men?

Resettlement programmes for Syrian refugees severely restrict access to resettlement for single Syrian men, despite the conditions of vulnerability, insecurity and danger in which they live

The Percys of Mississippi: Politics and Literature in the New South.

This study of the Percy Family focuses primarily on the lives of LeRoy and William Alexander Percy, and secondarily on the lives of Colonel William Alexander Percy and Walker Percy. Other members of the family are also discussed briefly. Introductory material covers the arrival of the Percys in the New World, their removal to Alabama, and the career of Colonel William Alexander Percy of Greenville, Mississippi. Chapters two and three cover LeRoy Percy\u27s early career and his election to and tenure in the United States Senate. Chapter four introduces his son William Alexander Percy. Chapters five through eight treat both LeRoy and William Alexander, focusing on their roles in the Great War, the fight against the Ku Klux Klan in Greenville, the flood of 1927, and William Alexander\u27s literary career. Chapter nine describes the final years of William Alexander\u27s life. The final chapter describes recurring themes in the family\u27s history and their relationship to the life and literature of Walker Percy

Towards Selective Inhibitors of FGFR Kinases using a De Novo Design Approach

The discovery of anti-cancer therapeutics remains at the forefront of modern medical science with the most recent forecast estimating that one in two people in the UK will be diagnosed with some form of cancer within their lifetime. The advancement of healthcare and overall better quality of life of the public over the past 50 years has seen a gradual increase in life expectancy. People are living longer, and with this comes new complications, outlining the need for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. FGFR kinases are a sub-family of receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in many cellular processes and aberrant signalling within this class is implicated in many cancers. Currently, several anti-cancer therapeutics are in clinical use for FGFR related cancers with some acting as selective FGFR inhibitors. There are currently no examples of molecules that exhibit sub type selectivity for the FGFRs, an attribute that may be clinically relevant for FGFR-related cancers exhibiting toxic side-effects upon treatment. This thesis describes an attempt to identify a new series of sub-type selective FGFR kinase inhibitors. De novo design was carried out on the ATP binding site of an existing FGFR1 crystal structure and a small molecular scaffold based upon an indazole nucleus was identified. Subsequent enhancement using structure-based drug design led to two fragment-based lead series that exhibited single digit micromolar potency against FGFR1-3. Further rounds of de novo design, synthesis and biological evaluation led to one series showing preferential inhibition of FGFR2 over FGFR1/3, exhibiting potencies in the nanomolar range. This selectivity preference could not be rationalised through docking studies and therefore work was conducted in order to crystallise the inhibitors in both FGFR1/2. Analysis of the binding poses of the inhibitors bound within FGFR1/2 outlined key structural differences that may provide insight into the observed selectivity preference for FGFR2. These crystal structures have allowed the design of selective inhibitors of FGFR2 of which work is ongoing. Finally, inhibitors were evaluated for efficacy in a cellular environment. A general drop in potency of inhibitors was observed when compared to the potency of the compounds against the enzymes which may be attributed to the poor cellular uptake of the compounds

Learning from the Jordan Compact

Analysis of the implementation of the Jordan Compact offers three key lessons: governmental approval is important but not sufficient, the incorporation of critical voices is crucial, and meeting numeric targets is not the same as achieving underlying goals