489 research outputs found
De l'Abbittibbi-Témiskaming 5
Ouvrage contenant les études suivantes:
Jean Laflamme, «Le Marquis de vaudreuil et l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Seconde partie: 1724-1731».
Benoît-Beaudry Gourd, «Les journaux de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue 1920-1950. Portrait historique».
Dan Glenday, «Thirty years of labour relations in the mining industry in Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, 1934-1964».
Pierre Leblond, «Certaines caractéristiques d'un village minier de compagnie: la localité de Joutel en Abitibi.»
Noël Savard, «L'environnement et l'industrie minière à Rouyn-Noranda».
Maurice Asselin, «Le rôle de la frontière dans les relations entre le Nord-Ouest québécois et l'Ontario».
Claude P. Bigue, «La concession du domaine public et l'aménagement des terrains riverains de l'Harricana.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in the characterisation of rotator cuff disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background Different diagnostic imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography (US), MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) are commonly used for the characterisation of rotator cuff (RC) disorders. Since the most recent systematic reviews on medical imaging, multiple diagnostic studies have been published, most using more advanced technological characteristics. The first objective was to perform a meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging for characterisation of RC disorders. Since US is used at the point of care in environments such as sports medicine, a secondary analysis assessed accuracy by radiologists and nonradiologists. Methods A systematic search in three databases was conducted. Two raters performed data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias independently, and agreement was achieved by consensus. Hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic package was used to calculate pooled estimates of included diagnostic studies. Results Diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of full-thickness RC tears was high with overall estimates of sensitivity and specificity over 0.90. As for partial RC tears and tendinopathy, overall estimates of specificity were also high (\u3e0.90), while sensitivity was lower (0.67â 0.83). Diagnostic accuracy of US was similar whether a trained radiologist, sonographer or orthopaedist performed it. Conclusions Our results show the diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of fullthickness RC tears. Since full thickness tear constitutes a key consideration for surgical repair, this is an important characteristic when selecting an imaging modality for RC disorder. When considering accuracy, cost, and safety, US is the best option
An Iterative Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Assembles the Pyrrole-Amide Antibiotic Congocidine in Streptomyces ambofaciens
SummaryCongocidine (netropsin) is a pyrrole-amide (oligopyrrole, oligopeptide) antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. We have identified, in the right terminal region of the S. ambofaciens chromosome, the gene cluster that directs congocidine biosynthesis. Heterologous expression of the cluster and in-frame deletions of 8 of the 22 genes confirm the involvement of this cluster in congocidine biosynthesis. Nine genes can be assigned specific functions in regulation, resistance, or congocidine assembly. In contrast, the biosynthetic origin of the precursors cannot be easily inferred from in silico analyses. Congocidine is assembled by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) constituted of a free-standing module and several single-domain proteins encoded by four genes. The iterative use of its unique adenylation domain, the utilization of guanidinoacetyl-CoA as a substrate by a condensation domain, and the control of 4-aminopyrrole-2-carboxylate polymerization constitute the most original features of this NRPS
Using Markov Models to Mine Temporal and Spatial Data
Référence du projet ANR BIODIVAGRIM : ANR 07 BDIV 02Markov models represent a powerful way to approach the problem of mining time and spatial signals whose variability is not yet fully understood. In this chapter, we will present a general methodology to mine different kinds of temporal and spatial signals having contrasting properties: continuous or discrete with few or many modalities. This methodology is based on a high order Markov modelling as implemented in a free software: carottAge (Gnu GPL)Les modèles de Markov sont des modèles puissants pour analyser des signaux temporels et spatiaux dont la variabilité n'est pas entièrement comprise. Dans ce chapitre, nous présentons notre méthodologie pour fouiller différentes sortes de signaux ayant des propriétés différentes: signaux continus ou discrets, simples ou composites. Cette méthodologie s'appuie sur des modèles de Markov cachés du second-ordre tels qu'implantés dans la boîte à outils CarottAge (licence Gnu-GPL)
Evaluation of a multivariate syndromic surveillance system for West Nile virus.
Background: Various methods are currently used for the early detection of West Nile virus (WNV) but their output is either not quantitative or does not take into account all available information. Our study aimed to test a multivariate syndromic surveillance system in order to improve early detection of WNV.
Method: Weekly time series data on nervous syndromes in horses and mortality in both horses and wild birds were used. Baselines were fitted to the three time series and used to simulate 100 years of surveillance data. WNV outbreaks were simulated and inserted into the baselines based on historical data and expert opinion. Univariate and multivariate syndromic surveillance systems were tested in order to gauge how well they detected the outbreaks; detection was based on an empirical Bayesian approach. The systems’ performances were compared using measures of sensitivity, specificity, and area-under-ROC-curve (AUC).
Result: When data sources were considered separately (i.e. univariate systems), the best detection performance was obtained using the dataset of nervous symptoms in horses compared to those of bird and horse mortality (AUCs respectively equal to 0.80, 0.75, and 0.50). A multivariate outbreak detection system that used nervous symptoms in horses and bird mortality generated the best performance (AUC = 0.87).
Conclusion: The proposed approach is suitable for performing multivariate syndromic surveillance of WNV outbreaks. This is particularly relevant given that a multivariate surveillance system performed better than a univariate approach. Such a surveillance system could be especially useful in serving as an alert for the possibility of human viral infections. This approach can be also used for other diseases for which multiple sources of evidence are available
Wavelength-scale stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform spectrometry
Spectrometry is a general physical-analysis approach for investigating
light-matter interactions. However, the complex designs of existing
spectrometers render them resistant to simplification and miniaturization, both
of which are vital for applications in micro- and nanotechnology and which are
now undergoing intensive research. Stationary-wave integrated Fourier-transform
spectrometry (SWIFTS)-an approach based on direct intensity detection of a
standing wave resulting from either reflection (as in the principle of colour
photography by Gabriel Lippmann) or counterpropagative interference
phenomenon-is expected to be able to overcome this drawback. Here, we present a
SWIFTS-based spectrometer relying on an original optical near-field detection
method in which optical nanoprobes are used to sample directly the evanescent
standing wave in the waveguide. Combined with integrated optics, we report a
way of reducing the volume of the spectrometer to a few hundreds of cubic
wavelengths. This is the first attempt, using SWIFTS, to produce a very small
integrated one-dimensional spectrometer suitable for applications where
microspectrometers are essential
Multiple and Variable NHEJ-Like Genes Are Involved in Resistance to DNA Damage in Streptomyces ambofaciens
International audienceNon-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is a double strand break (DSB) repair pathway which does not require any homologous template and can ligate two DNA ends together. The basic bacterial NHEJ machinery involves two partners: the Ku protein, a DNA end binding protein for DSB recognition and the multifunctional LigD protein composed a ligase, a nuclease and a polymerase domain, for end processing and ligation of the broken ends. In silico analyses performed in the 38 sequenced genomes of Streptomyces species revealed the existence of a large panel of NHEJ-like genes. Indeed, ku genes or ligD domain homologues are scattered throughout the genome in multiple copies and can be distinguished in two categories: the " core " NHEJ gene set constituted of conserved loci and the " variable " NHEJ gene set constituted of NHEJ-like genes present in only a part of the species. In Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877, not only the deletion of " core " genes but also that of " variable " genes led to an increased sensitivity to DNA damage induced by electron beam irradiation. Multiple mutants of ku, ligase or polymerase encoding genes showed an aggravated phenotype compared to single mutants. Biochemical assays revealed the ability of Ku-like proteins to protect and to stimulate ligation of DNA ends. RT-qPCR and GFP fusion experiments suggested that ku-like genes show a growth phase dependent expression profile consistent with their involvement in DNA repair during spores formation and/or germination
Data Mining Using Hidden Markov Models (HMM2) to Detect Heterogeneities into Bacteria Genomes
International audienceThe Streptococcus genus contains both pathogenic bacteria and bacteria used in the food-processing industry. We are developing a statistical segmentation method to identify heterogeneous sequences such as sequences acquired from recent horizontal transfer or genes weakly or strongly expressed. The method is based on second order Hidden Markov Models (HMM2). After an automatic unsupervised training, this method allows to demarcating some particular areas into a genome. After checking the efficiency of such models on various controls and on chimeric sequences generated in silico, we choose a HMM2 (3-mer, 5 states) to analyse the complete genome sequence of S. Thermophilus CNRZ1066 (1.8 Mb). More the 80 atypical segments were extracted and are currently analysed further
Classification non supervisée par HMM de sites de fixation de facteurs de transcription chez les bactéries
Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. nationale.National audienceNous développons des méthodes de fouille de données basées sur l'utilisation de modèles Markoviens du second ordre adaptés à l'étude des génomes. Ceux-ci réalisent une segmentation pouvant être observée sous la forme d'un signal stochastique traduisant l'organisation et la structure des motifs d'ADN sous-jacents. Aucune hypothèse 'a priori' n'est effectuée sur le contenu génétique des séquences étudiées. La modélisation du corpus de séquences est réalisée par une étape d'apprentissage automatique qui produit une classification non supervisée des segments nucléotidiques observés sur les différents états des HMM. Une première étape d'apprentissage sur les séquences chromosomiques complètes des bactéries actinomycètes Streptomyces coelicolor, S. avermitilis et Mycobacterium tuberculosis permet l'obtention de trois classes de HMM décrivant chacune un génome. Lors du processus de segmentation, certaines chaînes d'états cachés décrivent des fragments génomiques comme les gènes et les séquences intergéniques alors qu'une autre chaîne se spécialise sur la distribution de motifs d'ADN locaux particuliers. Ceux-ci correspondent à des mots de 5 à 12 nucléotides présents à des fréquences inhabituelles dans les régions intergéniques. Chez S. coelicolor, la classification de 2500 de ces motifs, issus d'une extraction automatique et identifiés dans 1,2 Mb d'ADN génomique, indique que 7% correspondraient à des sites de fixation de facteurs sigma connus (SigR, SigB, WhiG, HrdB) et 5% à des sites de fixation du ribosome ou des terminateurs de transcription potentiels. Concernant le régulon SigR/SigH (réponse au stress oxydant chez les Streptomyces/M. tuberculosis), la mise en oeuvre de cette approche a permis de détecter tous les promoteurs déjà déterminés biologiquement. Enfin, certains de ces motifs ne peuvent être corrélés à des rôles biologiques connus ou prédits à ce jour. Leur classification pourrait mettre en évidence des groupes à propriétés communes et viserait à définir des motifs promoteurs, puis, à terme, des réseaux de gènes co-régulés
- …