Observações sobre a broca-da-haste-do-chuchuzeiro no estado de São Paulo

This paper relates the occurrence of "chayote stem borer" Adetus fuscoapicalis (Breuning, 1942), causing serious damage to chayote in some cities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Pest control is discussed in the work, and subsidies to its acknowledgement by morphologic and ethologic aspects are presented. Cleaning, pruning and burning of attacked branches, as well as crop residues, have been accepted as the most efficient and economical pest control method.Relata-se a ocorrência da "broca-da-haste"-do-chuchuzeiro Adetus fuscoapicalis (Breuning, 1942) nos municípios de Iguape, Praia Grande, ltanhaém, Guarujá e Grande São Paulo, SP acarretando grandes prejuízos à cultura e produção locais. São discutidas perspectivas de controle e fornecidos subsídios para o reconhecimento da praga através de aspectos morfológicos e etológicos. A limpeza, poda e queima dos ramos atacados e restos de cultura têm-se mostrado o método mais eficiente e econômico de controle da praga

Switch to maraviroc with darunavir/r, both QD, in patients with suppressed HIV-1 was well tolerated but virologically inferior to standard antiretroviral therapy: 48-Week results of a randomized trial

Objectives Primary study outcome was absence of treatment failure (virological failure, VF, or treatment interruption) per protocol at week 48. Methods Patients on 3-drug ART with stable HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and CCR5-tropic virus were randomized 1:1 to maraviroc with darunavir/ritonavir qd (study arm) or continue current ART (continuation arm).Results In June 2015, 115 patients were evaluable for the primary outcome (56 study, 59 continuation arm). The study was discontinued due to excess of VF in the study arm (7 cases, 12.5%, vs 0 in the continuation arm, p = 0.005). The proportion free of treatment failure was 73.2% in the study and 59.3% in the continuation arm. Two participants in the study and 10 in the continuation arm discontinued therapy due to adverse events (p = 0.030). At VF, no emergent drug resistance was detected. Co-receptor tropism switched to non-R5 in one patient. Patients with VF reported lower adherence and had lower plasma drug levels. Femoral bone mineral density was significantly improved in the study arm. Conclusion Switching to maraviroc with darunavir/ritonavir qd in virologically suppressed patients was associated with improved tolerability but was virologically inferior to 3-drug therap

Switch to raltegravir-based regimens and HIV DNA decrease in patients with suppressed HIV RNA

Raltegravir intensification is associated with an increase in 2-LTR episomal HIV DNA= circles, indicating a persistent low-level replication, in some individuals in ART with suppressed HIV RNA. We aimed at monitoring residual plasma HIV RNA and cellular HIV DNA in virologically suppressed patients switching to a raltegravir-based regimen

Switch to maraviroc with darunavir/r, both QD, in patients with suppressed HIV-1 was well tolerated but virologically inferior to standard antiretroviral therapy: 48-Week results of a randomized trial

Objectives: Primary study outcome was absence of treatment failure (virological failure, VF, or treatment interruption) per protocol at week 48. Methods: Patients on 3-drug ART with stable HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and CCR5-tropic virus were randomized 1:1 to maraviroc with darunavir/ritonavir qd (study arm) or continue current ART (continuation arm). Results: In June 2015, 115 patients were evaluable for the primary outcome (56 study, 59 continuation arm). The study was discontinued due to excess of VF in the study arm (7 cases, 12.5%, vs 0 in the continuation arm, p = 0.005). The proportion free of treatment failure was 73.2% in the study and 59.3% in the continuation arm. Two participants in the study and 10 in the continuation arm discontinued therapy due to adverse events (p = 0.030). At VF, no emergent drug resistance was detected. Co-receptor tropism switched to non-R5 in one patient. Patients with VF reported lower adherence and had lower plasma drug levels. Femoral bone mineral density was significantly improved in the study arm. Conclusion: Switching to maraviroc with darunavir/ritonavir qd in virologically suppressed patients was associated with improved tolerability but was virologically inferior to 3-drug therapy

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This randomized controlled trial compared the use of an intensive and conventional insulin protocol on clinical outcomes in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, in the first 72 hours. It was conducted at a university hospital in the city of São Paulo. Patients (n=46) were allocated into two groups: intensive glycemic (blood glucose between 80-110mg/dl) and conventional (180-220mg/dl). The Student's t-test and chi-square test were used for data analysis. A statistically significant (pEnsayo clínico aleatorio controlado y randomizado que comparó el uso de protocolo de insulina intensivo y convencional en la evolución clínica de pacientes en sepsis grave y shock séptico, en las primeras 72 horas. Fue realizado en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de São Paulo. Los pacientes (n=46) fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: glucémico intensivo (glucemia entre 80-110mg/dl) y convencional (180-220mg/dl). Se utilizaron tests t-Student y Chi-cuadrado para análisis de los datos. Se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa (pEnsaio clínico controlado e aleatorizado que comparou o uso de protocolo de insulina intensivo e convencional na evolução clínica de pacientes em sepse grave e choque séptico, nas primeiras 72 h. Foi conduzido em um hospital universitário na cidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes (n=46) foram alocados em dois grupos: glicêmico intensivo (glicemia entre 80-110mg/dl) e convencional (180-220mg/dl). Utilizaram-se testes t-Student e Qui-Quadrado na análise dos dados. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (

Total cellular HIV-1 DNA decreases after switching to raltegravir-based regimens in patients with suppressed HIV-1 RNA

Background The integrase inhibitor raltegravir has been used to intensify antiretroviral therapy in patients with undetectable plasma HIV-1RNA, resulting in variable perturbation of HIV-1 nucleic acids levels in peripheral blood. Objectives We aimed at monitoring residual plasma HIV-1RNA and total cellular HIV-1DNA in virologically suppressed patients switching to raltegravir-based regimens. Study design Fifty-eight subjects on protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens, with plasma HIV-1RNA levels <40 copies/ml for ≥6 months and CD4 counts >200 cells/μl for ≥12 months were enrolled. Thirty-four patients were from the treatment simplification RASTA randomized study switching standard therapy to a raltegravir-based regimen (RASTA group), while 24 continued a PI or NNRTI based-regimen (controls). Residual plasma HIV-1RNA (5-40 copies/mL) and HIV-1DNA were assessed at 0, 24 and 48 weeks. Results At week 0 (W0), HIV-1DNA was detected in all patients while at W48 it was detectable in 82.4% of the RASTA group vs 100% of controls (p = 0.03). There was a significant decline of HIV-1DNA at W48 in the RASTA group (mean change from baseline −0.21 [95% CI −0.41; −0.01] log10 copies/106 CD4; p = 0.03) but not in controls. Ultrasensitive HIV-1RNA was detectable at baseline in 50% of RASTA group vs 67% of controls and at W48 in 32.4% vs 42%, respectively. No differences were found between HIV-1RNA levels at baseline and W48 within and between groups. Conclusions Switching successful therapy to raltegravir-based regimens may be associated with a decrease of the HIV-1 reservoir, as measured by peripheral blood cellular HIV-1DNA levels

Prevalence of osteoporosis and predictors of low BMD in a cohort of HIV-1-infected patients in Rome: features of a population at high risk

Introduction: Ageing of HIV-infected patients led to an increasing rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The cause is multifactorial, including virus activity, drug toxicity and host factors. The aim of our analysis is to quantify this issue according to our department experience and to evaluate predictors of low BMD. Materials and Methods: HIV-1-infected patients, on stable HAART, were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study and underwent DEXA. We analyzed the prevalence and evaluated predictors of low BMD in our population. Results: We collected data from 208 patients, 148 of whom were male, with 49 years median age (IQR 24.1–68.3). About 39% of patients were heterosexuals, 33.7 MSM and 12.5% were IDU, 40.4% were smokers. Caucasians were 93.3%, and 13.9% were co-infected with HCV virus. Around 6.7% of patients were on their first HAART regimen and all of them started TDF. Their median time of HAART exposure was 1.17 years (IQR 0.8–1.6). Conversely, median time of HAART exposure of multi-experienced patients was 8.5 years (IQR 3.1–12.0). We stratified DEXA results for patients on first-line regimen versus multi-experienced one. We found that 42.9% of patients on first-line HAART had low BMD of lumbar spine and 7.1% had osteoporosis. Regarding the multi-experienced group of patients, lumbar spine osteopenia was observed in 36.6% of patients and 15.5% of them had osteoporosis. Median age of patients with low BMD of lumbar spine was 45.6 (IQR 24.1–68.3) for patients on first-line regimen and 49.8 years for multi-experienced (IQR 44.2–54.0) regimen. We found similar data for BMD of hip, but no patients in the first group had hip osteoporosis. We also analyzed predictors of low BMD in our population. MSM patients showed a 3.4-fold higher risk to have osteoporosis of lumbar spine (OR 3.41, CI 1,105–9,269, p=0.03). As expected, we found that non-Caucasian patients had 13.5-fold higher risk to have osteoporosis of the hip (OR 13.52, CI 1.5–122.7, p=0.02). Exposure to HAART was also evaluated, but no predictors were found. Conclusions: Our data confirm how osteoporosis is highly prevalent and occurs earlier in HIV-infected patients. Antiretrovirals play a crucial role. In our experience loss of BMD can occur within a year of treatment, when almost half of our patients starting TDF had a low BMD. MSM patients have a higher risk to develop spine osteoporosis and non-Caucasian patients are more likely to have hip osteoporosis. We remark the importance of BMD assessment for HIV-infected patients especially during their first months of treatment