Internal inconsistency and risk aversion: Implications on smoking decisions

The main contribution of this paper is an analysis of the nature of the link between internal coherence and risk aversion. Both variables play an important role in individual decisions concerning risk behaviors. We compare the levels of internal consistency and risk aversion among smokers and non-smokers. To measure the individual internal coherence and risk aversion, we use a survey that includes lottery questions. Our results confirm that smokers are consistent in their decisions and they behave as risk averse. These results should be treated with circumspection as lottery questions are based on monetary expectations that depend on socio-economic conditions and they obviate other dimensions such as social recognition. La principal contribución de este artículo es analizar la naturaleza de la asociación entre la coherencia interna y la aversión al riesgo. Ambas variables juegan un papel principal en las decisiones individuales sobre comportamientos de riesgo, tal que como caso particular, comparamos los niveles consistencia interna y aversión al riesgo entre fumadores y no fumadores. Para medir la coherencia interna y la aversión al riesgo individual, recurrimos a una encuesta que incluye preguntas de loterías. Nuestros resultados confirman que los fumadores son consistentes en sus decisiones, y de hecho, se comportan como adversos al riesgo. Estos resultados hay que tomarlos con cautela, pues las preguntas sobre loterías se basan principalmente en expectativas monetarias que dependen de condiciones socio-económicas obviando otras dimensiones como el reconocimiento social

Gender gap in self-rated health: a cohort perspective in eastern European countries

Background: The relationship between self-rated health and gender differs across countries and generations. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of socioeconomic conditions on self-rated health from a generational perspective, its differential effect on gender, and its influence on the gender gap in order to explore health diversity using a multidisciplinary approach and considering policy implications in Eastern European countries. Methods: We used data drawn from the European Health Interview Survey for eight Eastern European countries and EUROSTAT from 2006 through to 2009. We conducted multilevel analyses to understand the individual and national health determinants of self-rated health by gender and to determine whether national differences remain after controlling for micro variables. In order to analyze the role of equity (Gini quartile) in gender differences, Oaxaca analyses were used. Results: The self-rated health gender gap increases with age. Individual characteristics, such as educational level or smoking, influence citizens’ perceived health, and have a stronger effect on women than on men. Knowing both the characteristics (endowment effects) and the effects of individual characteristics (coefficient effects) on health is important in order to understand gender gaps among people from the silent generation. Conclusions: Our research indicates that random effects are greater for men than for women. Moreover, random effects might be explained to a certain extent by economic equity (Gini index). The combined effects of gender, cohort, and geographical differences on self-rated health have to be taken into account to develop public health policies. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Efficacy of screen recording in the other-revision of translations: episodic memory and event models

In a 2011 study, Angelone compared the self-revision results of graduate German translation students. Participants documented their original translations using Integrated Problem and Decision Reporting (IPDR) logs (Gile 2004), think-aloud protocols and screen recordings. They then used this documentation to assist self-revision of their translations. Angelone found a significant improvement in error detection overall and in each of six discrete error categories when participants used screen recordings to assist their self-revision. We sought to partially replicate Angelone’s findings concerning the efficacy of screen recording in translation revision. Instead of focusing on self-revision, we studied other-revision and broadened our scope to examine the behavior of graduate students in both Spanish and German translation. We hypothesized that error analysis overall would show that screen recording would again prove to be a more efficacious process protocol in support of revision than IPDR logs, as was the case in Angelone’s study. We also hypothesized that we would replicate his findings for each of the six error categories. The results partially confirmed Angelone’s results: screen recordings were significantly more efficacious than IPDR logs in overall error mitigation.En un estudio de 2011, Angelone comparó los resultados de auto-revisión de estudiantes graduados de traducción alemán-inglés. Los participantes documentaron sus traducciones originales mediante registros integrados de problemas y decisiones (IPDR, por sus siglas en inglés; Gile 2004), protocolos de pensamiento en voz alta, y grabaciones de pantalla. Después utilizaron esta documentación para facilitar la autorevisión de sus traducciones. Angelone encontró una mejora significativa general en la detección de errores y, en particular, en seis categorías específicas de errores cuando los participantes utilizaron las grabaciones de pantalla para sustentar su auto-revisión. En este estudio intentamos replicar parcialmente los resultados de Angelone con respecto a la eficacia de las grabaciones de pantalla para revisar traducciones. En lugar de centrarnos en la auto-revisión, estudiamos la revisión de traducciones ajenas. Según nuestra hipótesis de partida, el análisis de errores en general mostraría que las grabaciones de pantalla resultarían ser de nuevo un protocolo de proceso más eficaz en apoyo de la revisión que los registros IPDR, como en el estudio de Angelone. Otra hipótesis consistía en que replicaríamos sus resultados en cada una de las seis categorías de errores. Los resultados confirmaron parcialmente los obtenidos por Angelone: las grabaciones de pantalla fueron significativamente más eficaces que los registros IPDR en la mitigación general de errores

µG2-ELM: an upgraded implementation of µ G-ELM

µG-ELM is a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm which looks for the best (in terms of the MSE) and most compact artificial neural network using the ELM methodology. In this work we present the µG2-ELM, an upgraded version of µG-ELM, previously presented by the authors. The upgrading is based on three key elements: a specifically designed approach for the initialization of the weights of the initial artificial neural networks, the introduction of a re-sowing process when selecting the population to be evolved and a change of the process used to modify the weights of the artificial neural networks. To test our proposal we consider several state-of-the-art Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithms and we confront them using a wide and well-known set of continuous, regression and classification problems. From the conducted experiments it is proved that the µG2-ELM shows a better general performance than the previous version and also than other competitors. Therefore, we can guess that the combination of evolutionary algorithms with the ELM methodology is a promising subject of study since both together allow for the design of better training algorithms for artificial neural networks

Corporate social responsibility and workplace health promotion: A systematic review

The complex situation that global society is facing as a result of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of companies committing to the principles of social responsibility. Among the internal initiatives, those related to the health of workers are, obviously, highly topical. The objective of our research is to provide concise knowledge of the relationship between workplace health promotion (WHP) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) so that the relevant specialized research was gathered in a single document that lays the foundations of its applicability. A systematic review, following the PRISMA method, has been carried out. Twenty-seven articles have been selected from the main scientific databases. Their qualitative analysis concludes that CSR and WHP are linked, have beneficial reciprocal effects, need committed leadership respectful of autonomy and voluntariness, and require the establishment of specific goals within the framework of the organizations' sustainability policies. Future studies should establish the impact of the pandemic on these aspects

El voluntariado universitario en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria. Estudio de un Campus, Universidad de Zaragoza

El voluntariado universitario es un tipo de actividad que forma parte de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria. El trabajo analiza la rela-ción entre la realización de voluntariado estudiantil y las motivacio-nes para ser voluntario y profundiza en los ámbitos de interés de los universitarios para realizar voluntariado. Un total de 680 estudiantes universitarios de un Campus de la Universidad de Zaragoza cumpli-mentaron un cuestionario. El análisis muestra diferencias en la moti-vación para ser voluntario entre los estudiantes que al cumplimentar el cuestionario eran voluntarios y los que no lo eran, y también que la titulación cursada afecta al ámbito de interés. University volunteering is a type of activity that is part of the University Social Responsibility. The paper analyzes the relationship between student volunteering and the motivations for volunteering and delves into the areas of interest of university students to volunteer. A total of 680 university students from a Campus of the University of Zaragoza completed a questionnaire. Analysis shows differences in motivation to volunteer, among students to complete the questionnaire were volunteers and those who were not, and also affects the degree Studied area of interest

Fostering university students’ engagement in teamwork and innovation behaviors through game-based learning (GBL)

Higher Education Instituions (HEIs) should be the driving force behind the training of college students in terms of both hard and soft skills (for example, innovation and teamwork competencies), and they should also do so without neglecting their health and well-being, perhaps more than ever in these complex times of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Game-based learning (GBL) could be a powerful and useful tool in this regard. There is, however, some controversy surrounding the use of games for learning purposes in higher education institutions, and most of the research done about this issue corresponds to GBL through digital games. Under this background, the main objective of this study was to test the effect of GBL on the intrinsic motivation (IM), teamwork engagement (TWE), team building (TB), teamwork competence (TWC), and innovation behaviors (IWB) of 142 college students of Health Sciences and Social Work. After rehearsing in small groups, the game was tested (T2). Our results obtained through the differential analyses confirmed that undergraduates were more intrinsically motivated, experienced more TWE, TB, and TWC, and developed more IWB than before playing the game (T1). Therefore, the development of core personal skills might be promoted effectively by games in an efficient, engaging, and motivating way

Polynomials on Banach Spaces: Zeros and Maximal Points

AbstractA maximal point of a polynomial on a Banach space is a point in the unit ball at which the polynomial attains its norm. Lower bounds are given for the distances between zeros and maximal points