Electrochemical and optical aspects of cobalt meso-carbazole substituted porphyrin complexes

A series of cobalt (II) porphyrin complexes modified with carbazole rings at one or more meso positions of the macrocycle were synthesized and characterized as to their spectroscopic and basic electrochemical properties in non-aqueous media. The effect of the number and position (syn and anti) of carbazole groups on the complexes properties were investigated. The comparison was made to cobalt (II) porphyrin containing mesityl groups at the meso-positions. The relation between the site of redox processes in cobalt meso-carbazole substituted porphyrins were analysed. It was shown that the conjugated π-ring system of the porphyrin macrocycle, the cobalt central metal ion and the carbazole peripheral substituents are redox-active

Glacial refugia and trends of post-glacial recolonisation

Nowoczesne metody analizy materiału kopalnego oraz linii filogenetycznych współczesnych gatunków odpowiadają na zadawane od wieków pytania o przeszłość naszego kontynentu podczas epoki zlodowaceń. Pozwalają one na odtworzenie nie tylko geobiologicznej mapy Europy (choć dotyczy to również innych kontynentów objętych zlodowaceniami podczas plejstocenu), ale również drogi wędrówki poszczególnych populacji strefy klimatu umiarkowanego do położonych najczęściej w południowych rejonach kontynentu miejsc, zwanych od połowy XX wieku refugiami, a także późniejszej rekolonizacji obszarów odsłoniętych przez cofający się lądolód. Zarówno szczątki zwierzęce jak i materiał paleobotaniczny, najczęściej w postaci pyłków, zdają się jednoznacznie wskazywać położenie domniemanych refugiów w obrębie południowych półwyspów Europy (iberyjski, peloponeski, apeniński), jak również niewielkich obszarów w północno-środkowej części kontynentu (w tym na terenie Polski), pełniących podobną rolę dla gatunków lepiej przystosowanych do surowych warunków plejstoceńskiego klimatu. Znaczących poszlak dostarcza też geologiczna analiza epoki plejstocenu, pozwalająca na odtworzenie z dużą dokładnością warunków geograficzno-klimatycznych panujących na badanym obszarze.Modern methods of analysing the connate material and phylogenetic lines of contemporary species provide answers to the perennial questions concerning the past of our continent during the glacial period. They allow us to reproduce not only a geobiological map of Europe (although this also pertains to the other continents which were affected by the glaciers during Pleistocene), but also the migrating paths of specific populations. Those paths led from temperate climate zone to the zones in the southern regions of the European continent, the so-called refugia (name used since the mid-20th. c.). The same methods also allow us to trace the subsequent recolonization of the areas uncovered by the recessive continental glacier. Both the animal remains and the paleobotanical material (most often in the form of pollen) seem to unequivocally place the suspected refugia within the southern European peninsulae (Iberian, Peloponnese, Apennine), as well as within the small areas in the central-northern part of the continent (also in Poland). Those areas played similar role for the species which have been better adapted to the harsh conditions of the Pleistocene climate. Important clues can also be found in the geological analysis of the Pleistocene period – it allows for minute recreation of geographical and climate conditions present in the researched area

Ritual plants of the Janów Lubelski's area

Celem pracy było zbadanie, jakie rośliny używane są przez mieszkańców Ziemi Janowskiej podczas poszczególnych świąt, a także związku między płcią oraz wiekiem respondentów, a ich wiedzą na temat etnobotaniki regionu. Ze względu na specyfikę okresu, w jakim prowadzono badania, badanie obejmowało również wpływ pandemii wirusa COVID-19 na zastosowanie surowców roślinnych w życiu mieszkańców Ziemi Janowskiej.The aim of this paper was to examine what kinds of plants and flowers are used by the inhabitants of the Janowska Land during particular ceremonies, as well as the connotation between gender and age of the respondents and their knowledge of ethnobotanics of the region. Due to the specificity of the research period, the research also included the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in usage of the flora in the lives of the Janowska Land’s inhabitants

On the mechanism of transport of Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins

The nucleus is usually the biggest, round-shaped organelle in the cell, which contains numerous proteins and nucleic acids and protects the DNA. Nuclear components are contained within the boarders of Nuclear Envelope (NE), a double membrane system, formed by the fusion of Outer Nuclear Membrane (OMN) and Inner Nuclear Membrane (INM). The ONM is continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and shares its molecular composition, while the INM composition is distinct. In the place, where INM and ONM meet, pores are formed and huge protein assemblies are inserted – the Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs). This special position of NPCs in the cell gives them a unique function – they create a barrier for molecules that should accumulate in the nucleus, while allowing other molecules to pass. In this thesis I have investigated what is the mechanism that keeps the INM and ONM protein composition distinct. Our hypothesis was that the difference between INM and ONM composition relates to the question: which proteins are permitted to cross the NPC and which are not. To study this phenomenon we have chosen an INM protein from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Heh2p, and created a set of Heh2p based reporters fused to GFP for detecting their localization using confocal fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution microscopy (STORM). We conclude that Heh2p needs an NLS and a linker domain for efficient transport to the INM, and we provide evidence that the transport of membrane proteins takes place with the hydrophobic domains embedded in the membrane environment. Using an assay, in which the reporters were trapped at distinct positions of the NPC, we mapped the route of membrane proteins through the NPC

Diquinoline Derivatives as Materials for Potential Optoelectronic Applications.

Here we report the characterization of diquinoline derivatives with ambipolar character. The investigated derivatives show low p- and moderately low n-doping redox systems. The derivatives were investigated and the electrochemical and optical properties of these compounds measured, with attempts to correlate the properties with their pi-electron conjugation lengths. We showed the marked influence of the heteroatom in the bridge (central ring) and geometry of the molecule with its electronic properties. The compounds were compared by UV-vis-NIR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroelectrochemistry indicating very different charge and spin properties dependent on the heteroatoms present. Finally the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices were formed and characterized

Electrochemically induced synthesis of poly(2,6-carbazole)

The formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative during an electrochemical polymerization process is shown. Comparison of 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)pyridine and 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)pyridine by electrochemical and UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical measurements and DFT (density functional theory) calculation prove the formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative. Both of the compounds form stable and electroactive conjugated polymers