Comparación de algunos esquemas de volúmenes finitos y de elementos finitos

En este trabajo se comparan dos esquemas numéricos aplicados a la ecuación general del transporte. Se presenta un'esquema lineal de Volúmenes Finitos con función de control lineal a trozos, acoplado con una 8 discretización temporal, y mediante un análisis de Fourier se analiza la estabilidad del esquema para las distintas frecuencias. Se concluye que para ciertos valores de 8, el dominio de estabilidad en un plano Peclet- Courant es más amplio que el correspondiente de Elementos Finitos lineales y que existen zonas del plano Peclet-Courant en las que Volúmenes Finitos tiene un mejor comportamiento. Para ambos tipos de esquemas se evalúa sobre ejemplos modelo la norma infinito; la norma 2 relativa y la norma 1 relativa del vector diferencia entre la solución exacta y la solución aproximada en la aplicación de cada esquema a la resolución de dichos ejemplos que poseen solución analítica conocida.Peer Reviewe

Reflectancia multiespectral (visible e inferarrojo cercano) y composición de las cromitas. Datos preliminares

Se aborda por primera vez la relación entre el espectro VNIR de reflectancia especular y los parámetros composicionales del grupo de las espinelas, particularmente cromit

Evaluación y análisis sensorial del Queso Bola de Ocosingo (México) desde la perspectiva del consumidor

Information on consumer acceptance of and preference for a product are vital to developing marketing strategies. An analysis was done of consumer acceptance of and preference for Queso Bola de Ocosingo, an artisanal cheese, aged for one of three periods: fresh, 21 d and 45 d. Sensory testing panels were organized at three food-related scenarios: a gourmet foods event; a rural culture fair; and a culinary exhibition. A total of ninety (90) panelists participated. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were applied to the data. Comparisons of panelist responses considering the scenarios and panelist socioeconomic characteristics found that panelists reporting lower income and educational levels more highly valued visual characteristics and preferred fresher cheeses. Panelists reporting higher income and educational levels appreciated cheese aroma and taste attributes influenced by aging period. Queso Bola de Ocosingo has production and cultural characteristics in common with other artisanal cheeses produced in Mexico, and promoting its consumption can contribute to preserving the country’s culinary heritage.El objetivo fue analizar la aceptación y preferencia del consumidor por el Queso Bola de Ocosingo con tres tiempos de maduración: fresco, 21 días y 45 días. Se realizaron 90 encuestas en tres escenarios relacionados con la gastronomía: Gourmet Show, Feria Nacional de la Cultura Rural en Chapingo y Muestra Gastronómica. La información se analizó a través de pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Al contrastar las respuestas, con los escenarios de evaluación y las características socioeconómicas de los panelistas, se encontró que aquellos que reportaron ingreso y nivel educativo más bajos, percibieron mejor las características visuales, prefiriendo los quesos más frescos; mientras que los panelistas con ingreso y nivel educativo más altos, apreciaron mejor los atributos asociados al aroma y el sabor del queso más maduro. El Queso Bola de Ocosingo comparte características productivas y culturales con otros quesos artesanales mexicanos, por lo que se espera contribuir para preservarlos como parte del patrimonio gastronómico del país.

Palaeoenvironmental significance of Late Permian palaeosols in the South-Eastern Iberian Ranges, Spain

The Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) Alcotas Formation in the SE Iberian Ranges consists of one red alluvial succession where abundant soil profiles developed. Detailed petrographical and sedimentological studies in seven sections of the Alcotas Formation allow six different types of palaeosols, with distinctive characteristics and different palaeogeographical distribution, to be distinguished throughout the South-eastern Iberian Basin. These characteristics are, in turn, related to topographic, climatic and tectonic controls. The vertical distribution of the palaeosols is used to differentiate the formation in three parts from bottom to top showing both drastic and gradual vertical upwards palaeoenvironmental changes in the sections. Reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions based on palaeosols provides evidence for understanding the events that occurred during the Late Permian, some few millions of years before the well-known Permian-Triassic global crisis

Contamination of Fruits, Soil Water Due to The Use of Agrochemicals in (Passiflora Ligularis), Oxapampa-Peru

The conventional agriculture allowed the farmers being dependent to the mass and frequent use of pesticides, originating contamination of fruits, ground, water of escorrentía. Objective was To Determine the concentration of metals weighed in Passiflora's fruits ligularis produced at grounds and escorrentía's water with remains of metals weighed by intensive agroquímicos's use at Oxapampa's district. Himself I utilize the Experimental Comparative Design No. Determined him Arsénico's concentration, Mercury, Plomo, Cadmio, Cobre in signs collected of fields of production of three (ABC) previous groups you poll farmers. Results: You met the. Arsenic 0.004mg/Kg (Ch1Af), mercury 0,002 mg/Kg (Ab1Af, Ab2Af), lead 0,005 mg/Kg ( Ab1Af ), cadmium 0,004 mg/Kg ( Ab1Af, Ch1Af, PaCf ), copper 0,5 mg/Kg ( Ch2Af ). Ground Arsénico Ch1As, ARP3Cs 0,08 mg/Kg, mercury Ch1As, ARP3Cs, SA2Cs, PaCs 0,08 mg/Kg; I seal with lead Ch1As, ARP2Cs, Ch2As, AcAs, PaCs 0,08 mg/Kg, cadmium Acuzazú AcAs, 0,3 mg/Kg, copper Ab2Bs, Ch1As 30 mg/Kg. Water down of escorrentia; Arsenic SA2Ca 0.005mg/Kg, mercury Ch2Aa 0,008 mg/Kg, lead CaBa, QllAa, Ch3Ba 0,005 mg/Kg, cadmium Ab2Ba, AcAa, SA1Ba 0,004 mg/Kg, copper SA1Ba 1,5 mg/Kg. Conclusion: You had loud moral values of concentration of metals weighed at ground, water, fruits passing the maximum permissible limit

New ichnites from the Middle Triassic of the Iberian Ranges (Spain): paleoenvironmental and paleogeographical implications

The Iberian Basin or its present-day expression, the Iberian Ranges, was refilled with red bed sediments of alluvial origin during the late Olenekian–Anisian period represented by the Cañizar (Olenekian–Anisian) and Eslida (Anisian) Formations, both commonly known as Buntsandstein facies. In the late part of the Anisian, the Tethys Sea reached the eastern side of the Iberian microplate, represented by the shallow marine facies of the Landete and Cañete Formations, also called Muschelkalk facies. The ichnites studied in this paper belong to the Anisian continental-marine transition in the SE Iberian Ranges. The Cañizar Formation shows the oldest Triassic footprints found in the Iberian Peninsula, consisting in swimming, uncomplete lacertoid three digit Rhynchosauroides traces with possibly resting (cubichnia) and furrowing (pascichnia) Cruziana/Rusophycus due to large triopsids. Specimens from Lacertoïd and Crocodiloïd groups have been collected in the Eslida Formation. Rhynchosauroides sp. is the most representative ichnospecies of the first group, while in the Crocodiloïd group, the presence of Chirotherium barthii Kaup 1835 and Isochirotherium cf coureli (Demathieu 1970) are distinctive. In the Landete Formation specimens are found from Crocodiloïd and Dinosauroïd groups. Brachychirotherium gallicum Willruth 1917, Brachychirotherium sp. and Chirotherium sp. are characteristic of the first one, and ‘Coelurosaurichnus’ perriauxi and cf Paratrisauropus latus as the most representative of the second group. Some of the specimens described here present ancestors in the Early Triassic and have been described in the Triassic of North America, Italy and France. Possible paleogeographical connections with faunas of SE France can be inferred. Based on different sedimentary structures and plant remains, the footprints are related to fluvial systems within huge flood plains, playa and shallow marine environments, with alternating dry and wet periods. The vertical ichnites distribution during the Anisian shows that the fauna modification was weak at a high clade level. In the Triassic of the Iberian microplate, there are no findings of traces prior to the Anisian, and the footprint content for the Middle Triassic is less diversified than in other neighbouring regions. By comparison with other western Pangea areas, there was a later appearance of the forms after the end-Permian mass extinction event in the studied areaDepto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)UCM-BSCH-GR58/08pu

Palaeoenvironmental implications of aluminium phosphate-sulphate minerals in Early–Middle Triassic continental sediments, SE Iberian Range (Spain)

The presence of Sr-rich aluminium-phosphate sulphate (APS) minerals in continental sedimentary rocks from the Cañizar and Eslida Formations along the eastern part of the Iberian Range (Spain) is considered as evidence of acidic and oxidising conditions during Early–Middle Triassic times. The formation of APS minerals occurred shortly after sedimentation, in early diagenetic stages, prior to the compaction of the sediments and most probably was related to the circulation of acidic meteoric waters. Such conditions might result from a sustained, damaged environment or from multiple environmental crises, but would have delayed the recovery of life after the end-Palaeozoic mass extinction. APSminerals occur as small disseminated and idiomorphic pseudo-cubic crystals (0.5 to 6 μmlong) or as massive and polycrystalline aggregates replacing fragments of fine- rainedmetamorphic rocks (mainlymetapelites). Textural data indicate that the formation of the APS minerals predated the quartz and illite cements, and that they resulted from the destabilisation of pre-existing minerals, as evidenced by the replacement of slate fragments by APSminerals and hematite and by the close association of the disseminated APS crystals and kaolinitewith altered detrital mica plates. Electronmicroprobe analyses and X-ray diffraction study of the APSminerals indicate a rather homogeneous composition in different parts of the basin, corresponding to solid solutions among woodhouseite, svanbergite, crandallite and goyazite. The sources of strontium in the APS minerals remain unclear. Phosphorous was primarily supplied by dissolution of detrital phosphates under acidic conditions, and sulphur derives from the weathering of pyrite

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards