El factor cultural en el manejo integrado costero: conflicto entre actividad portuaria y pesca artesanal en Colombia

El objetivo de la investigación fue evidenciar la afectación de referentes identitarios de una comunidad de pescadores artesanales marítimos por la actividad de puertos carboníferos en el Caribe Colombiano, a fin de comprender la importancia del factor cultural en el manejo integrado de mares y costas. En torno a la pregunta sobre cuál había sido el impacto generado por los puertos en la actividad pesquera de la comunidad se formuló como hipótesis: 1) que existió un impacto sobre el recurso pesquero y 2) que por efecto dominó dicho impacto afecto identitarios culturales de la comunidad ligados inescindiblemente a la pesca y al mar. La metodología aplico análisis cualitativo, y partió por particularizar los indicadores de las metas socioeconómicas -Cohesión social e Integridad cultural – incluidos en el Manual para Medición del Progreso de los Efectos Directos del Manejo Integrado de costas y océanos, ICOM – UNESCO- al contexto de los pescadores artesanales marítimos, a través de la identificación de sus referentes identitarios desde los aportes de la antropología marítima. Y su afectación fue observada en el caso de la comunidad Don Jaca en Santa Marta y los puertos carboníferos de su entorno, aplicando revisión documental y visita al sector. Resultado Se identificó evidencia que valida una relación entre los puertos y la afectación del recurso pesquero y como consecuencia, de cuatro identitarios culturales: comunidad, espiritualidad, libertad y saberes, lo cual en primer término indico que los impactos culturales de la actividad portuaria no fueron previstos y que hubo deficiente implementación de los lineamientos MIZC que la institucionalidad determino para el área

Histopathological effects of silver nanoparticles in Rhamdia quelen after oral exposure

The studies about silver nanoparticles (AgNP) increased in the last years but few is known about their effects in Brazilian neotropical freshwater fish species. The current study investigated the effects of AgNP on adult silver catfish Rhamdia quelen after subchronic oral exposure. After nanoparticle (NP) size and area characterization fish were administrated with three different doses for 15 days (0.03, 0.3 and 3 μg g-1). The concentration of silver in liver and kidney was measured to evaluate the bioaccumulation and discuss its effects in the target organs. Liver bioaccumulated 15, 1.7 and 0.2 % of administered doses while kidney bioaccumulated 1.33, 0.33 and 0.9 % (respectively for 0.03, 0.3 and 3 μg g-1). The histopathological findings were considered in both organs to evaluate the effects of AgNP, according to Bernet’s Lesion Index (BLI). Also were included the melano-macrophages center (MMC) and new nephrons (NN) counting respectively in liver and posterior kidney. The results revealed morphological injuries as inflammation in both studied organs and vascular congestion and steatosis in liver, in a concentration dependent way. The presence of AgNP in the tissues revealed the bioavailability of the nanoparticle while the damages and morphological disturbs showed the potential risk of exposure in R. quelen, even under environmental relevant concentrations

Humedal Torca-Guaymaral : iniciativas para su conservación

Diferentes iniciativas del Estado, empresas privadas y distritales, junto con la participación ciudadana se han desarrollado para la conservación de Humedales del Distrito capital. Esta coyuntura de intereses, en pro de la conservación de estos ecosistemas estratégicos, impulsa la idea de realizar desde la academia la publicación del libro Humedal Torca-Guaymaral: iniciativas para su conservación, desarrollado en el marco de la Red de Universidades Sostenibles –RAUS- por la Universidad Sergio Arboleda. El objetivo de esta publicación es divulgar a la comunidad en general, el estado de conservación del Humedal Torca-Guaymaral y las iniciativas de desarrolladas para su preservación. Este libro incluye capítulos relacionados con el diagnóstico ambiental del humedal a través de la recopilación bibliográfica de informes técnicos; literatura científica y académica publicada; la iniciativa de recuperación de las quebradas de la cuenca Torca elaborado por Conservación Internacional en el sector de Torca; el proceso de conservación de la conectividad biológica a través de la construcción participativa desarrollado por la Fundación Torca Guaymaral en el sector de Guaymaral; la caracterización ecológica del componente acuático resultado del proyecto de aula e investigación del Semillero Humedales Urbanos de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda y la estrategia pedagógica para la Gobernanza del agua en el Humedal Torca-Guaymaral, propuesta por el Semillero Agua del Bosque de la Universidad El Bosque

Determinación del Índice de Calidad de Agua para el sector occidental del humedal Torca-Guaymaral empleando las metodologías UWQI y CWQI

Introduction. The water quality index (WQI) incorporates physicochemical parameters in an equation to determine the quality of the water in a fixed place and time. Objective. Analyze the water quality index of the Guaymaral sector, temporally and spatially, using two methodologies to measure calculations: UWQI and CWQI. Materials and methods. A temporal-spatial comparison was performed between August 2015 and April 2016, selecting four sampling points and monitoring physicochemical parameters in four different seasons. Results. Most of the points sampled were assessed by ICA-UWQI as fair, and by ICA-CWQI as poor. Conclusions. From the two methodologies, it was determined that the UWQI is ideal to rapidly evaluate some specific use of the water, since it allows immediate decision making, while the CWQ\ is ideal for temporal-spatial evaluation studies.Introdução: O índice de qualidade da água (ICA) incorpora parâmetros físico-químicos em uma equação, para determinar a qualidade da água num lugar e tempo fixados. Objetivo. Analisar espaço-temporalmente o índice de qualidade da água do setor Guaymaral, através de duas metodologias de medição de cálculo: UWQI e CWQI. Materiais e métodos. Se realizou uma comparação espaciotemporal, entre agosto de 2015 e abril de 2016, selecionando quatro pontos de amostragem e monitorizando parâmetros físico-químicos em quatro épocas diferentes. Resultados. A maioria de pontos mostrados e valorizados pelo ICA-UWQI tiveram uma valorização de regular, e para o ICA-CWQI, de pobre. Conclusões. Se determinou que das duas metodologias a UWQI é ideal para avaliar rapidamente algum uso específico da água, pois permite um imediata toma de decisões, e que a CWQ\ é ideal para os estudos de avaliação espaciotemporal.Introducción. El índice de calidad de agua (ICA) incorpora parámetros fisicoquímicos en una ecuación, para determinar la calidad de agua en un lugar y tiempo fijados. Objetivo. Analizar espacio-temporalmente el índice de calidad de agua del sector Guaymaral, a través dos metodologías de medición de cálculo: UWQI y CWQI. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una comparación espaciotemporal, entre agosto de 2015 y abril de 2016, seleccionando cuatro puntos de muestreo y monitorizando parámetros fisicoquímicos en cuatro épocas diferentes. Resultados. La mayoría de puntos muestreados y valorizados por el ICA-UWQI tuvieron una valoración de regular, y para el ICA-CWQI, de pobre. Conclusiones. Se determinó que de las dos metodologías la UWQI es ideal para evaluar rápidamente algún uso específico del agua, pues permite inmediatez en la toma de decisiones, y que la CWQI es ideal para los estudios de evaluación espaciotemporal

Propuesta metodológica de restauración para la vegetación riparia a partir de la variación de la composición florística en diferentes épocas climáticas del humedal Torca-Guaymaral

ABSTRACT Introduction. 2014-2015 El Niño Southern Oscillation evidenced at regional and national levels had impacts in hydric ecosystems as well as in vegetal coverages associated to the same. Objective. With the objective of establishing the relation between riparian vegetation variation and climatic variability in urban Torca-Guaymaral wetland, floral characterization of riparian vegetation associated to this strategic ecosystem was carried out for the north border of Bogota city. Later on, a restoring methodological proposal focused on reestablishing the structure and function of riparian vegetation through assisted succession was posed. Materials and methods. During 2014-2015, there were samplings in two climatic epochs (humid and dry) in 21 units of sampling in order to evaluate vegetal coverages with a higher structural development, composition, and richness. Results report that there is a high presence of invading species (Ulex europaeus and Genista monspessulana), which has generated a total elimination of native species and a lessening in diversity of the wetland, which makes it impossible for other species to arrive at this place. Results. Additionally, a positive relation between the increase in temperature and colonization was found. Likewise, a high dominance in area and abundance of invading species have been reported, which makes it difficult to recover the area with native species and reduces ecosystem services of the wetland. Conclusion. This study poses a methodology for recovering riparian vegetation of the southwest sector of Torca-Guaymaral wetland, bearing in mind conflicts in the area: In this study, assisted vegetal succession, management of invading species and planting of new species are involved.RESUMO Introdução. O fenómeno do El Niño de 20142015 evidenciado nos níveis nacional e regional teve impactos no ecossistemas hídricos e nas coberturas vegetais associadas ao mesmo. Objetivo. Com o objetivo de estabelecer a relação entre a variação da vegetação riparia e a variabilidade climática no pantanal urbano Torca-Guaymaral, se realizou a caracterização florística da vegetação riparia associada a este ecossistema estratégico para o borde norte da cidade de Bogotá. Posteriormente se expõe uma proposta metodológica de restauração enfocada a restabelecer a estrutura e função da vegetação riparia, através da sucessão assistida. Materiais e métodos. Durante 2014-2015 se realizaram amostras em duas épocas climáticas (úmida e seca) em 21 unidades de amostragem para avaliar as coberturas vegetais com maior desenvolvimento estrutural, composição e riqueza. Os resultados reportam que existe uma alta presença de espécies invasoras (Ulex europaeus e Genista monspessulana), a qual há gerado uma eliminação total das espécies nativas, uma diminuição na diversidade do pantanal, o que impossibilita a chegada de novas espécies. Resultados. Adicionalmente se encontrou uma relação positiva entre o aumento na temperatura e a colonização. Assim mesmo, se reporta uma alta dominância na área e abundância das espécies invasoras, o que impede a recuperação da área com espécies nativas, e reduz os serviços ecossistêmicos da pantanal. Conclusão. Reconhecendo os conflitos na área, neste estudo se expõe uma metodologia para a recuperação da vegetação riparia do sector ocidental do pantanal Torca-Guaymaral, onde se envolve a sucessão vegetal assistida, o manejo das espécies invasoras e a cultivo de novas espécies.RESUMEN Introducción. El fenómeno del Niño de 2014-2015 evidenciado en los niveles nacional y regional tuvo impactos en ecosistemas hídricos y en las coberturas vegetales asociadas al mismo. Objetivo. Con el objetivo de establecer la relación entre la variación de la vegetación riparia y la variabilidad climática en el humedal urbano Torca-Guaymaral, se realizó la caracterización florística de la vegetación riparia asociada a este ecosistema estratégico para el borde norte de la ciudad de Bogotá. Posteriormente se plantea una propuesta metodológica de restauración enfocada a restablecer la estructura y función de la vegetación riparia, a través de la sucesión asistida. Materiales y métodos. Durante 2014-2015 se realizaron muestreos en dos épocas climáticas (húmeda y seca) en 21 unidades de muestreo para evaluar las coberturas vegetales con mayor desarrollo estructural, composición y riqueza. Los resultados reportan que existe una alta presencia de especies invasoras (Ulex europaeus y Genista monspessulana), lo cual ha generado una eliminación total de las especies nativas, una disminución en la diversidad del humedal, lo que imposibilita la llegada de nuevas especies. Resultados. Adicionalmente se encontró una relación positiva entre el incremento en la temperatura y la colonización. Asimismo, se reporta una alta dominancia en área y abundancia de las especies invasoras, lo que impide la recuperación del área con especies nativas, y reduce los servicios ecosistémicos del humedal. Conclusión. Reconociendo los conflictos en el área, en este estudio se plantea una metodología para la recuperación de la vegetación riparia del sector occidental del humedal Torca-Guaymaral, en donde se involucra la sucesión vegetal asistida, el manejo de las especies invasoras y la siembra de nuevas especies

Percepción de actores involucrados en el estado de conservación del Humedal Torca-Guaymaral, Bogotá-Colombia (Perception of actors involved in the conservation status of the Torca-Guaymaral wetland, Bogotá-Colombia)

RESUMEN El Humedal Torca-Guaymaral se localiza en un territorio estratégico de conectividad ecológica del borde norte de la ciudad de Bogotá en Colombia. Sin embargo, la complejidad relacionada con los actores y la gobernanza del territorio, han impedido que el sistema socio-ecológico se desarrolle hacia un proceso de preservación de los componentes ambientales que lo conforman, generándose un deterioro en la calidad ambiental del territorio. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio es aproximarse a la percepción de los actores involucrados en la conservación del humedal, y al mismo tiempo generar un espacio de intercambio de experiencias y conocimientos entre estos, que conlleve a la apropiación y formulación de soluciones conjuntas para mejorar la gestión del sistema socio-ecológico. Metodologías aplicadas como la cartografía social y el diálogo de actores, permiten identificar la percepción de actores involucrados en el estado de conservación del Humedal Torca-Guaymaral, para obtener un diagnóstico inicial de la situación ambiental actual del ecosistema. ABSTRACT The Torca-Guaymaral wetland is located in a strategic area of ecological connectivity in the northern region of Bogota city. However, the complexity related to the actors and the governance of the territory, have prevented the socio-ecological system development towards a process of environmental preservation, thus resulting in the deterioration of environmental quality. In this context, the objective of this study is to approach the perception of actors involved in the wetland conservation process, while creating a space for exchange of experiences and knowledge between them, formulating joint solutions and improve the management of the socio-ecological system. Methodologies involve the use of social cartography and stakeholder dialogue, to identify the perception of actors involved in the conservation status of the Torca-Guaymaral wetland, for an initial diagnosis of the current environmental situation of the ecosystem

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Erythrocytes of Captive Pre-Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles Following Acute Exposure to Methylmercury

This study describes the use of erythrocytes (RBCs) of loggerhead turtles as in vitro models for evaluating their toxicity to methylmercury. Blood samples of loggerhead turtles that were born in the Colombian Caribbean were used. The LC50 of RBCs to methylmercury was determined at 96 h using methylmercury concentrations of 0.5–100 mg L−1. Next, the viability of the RBCs and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) at 6 and 12 h of exposure to acute concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 mg L−1 were evaluated. The LC50 for loggerhead turtle RBCs was 8.32 mg L−1. The cell viability bioassay of RBCs exposed for 12 h only showed 100% cell viability. Increasing in vitro MeHg concentrations caused a corresponding increase in MDA concentration as well as decreases in the activities of SOD and GST. The RBCs represent an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies and SOD, GST, and MDA are biomarkers of environmental pollution and oxidative stress in loggerhead turtles. This was the first study conducted on loggerhead turtle where the response of RBCs to MeHg-induced oxidative stress is evaluated

De novo assembly and functional annotation of blood transcriptome of loggerhead turtle, and in silico characterization of peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins

The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the atlas of the loggerhead turtle blood transcriptome by RNA-seq, as well as identify and characterize thioredoxin (Tnxs) and peroxiredoxin (Prdxs) antioxidant enzymes of the greatest interest in the control of peroxide levels and other biological functions. The transcriptome of loggerhead turtle was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform and de novo assembly was performed using the Trinity pipeline. The assembly comprised 515,597 contigs with an N50 of 2,631 bp. Contigs were analyzed with CD-Hit obtaining 374,545 unigenes, of which 165,676 had ORFs encoding putative proteins longer than 100 amino acids. A total of 52,147 (31.5%) of these transcripts had significant homology matches in at least one of the five databases used. From the enrichment of GO terms, 180 proteins with antioxidant activity were identified, among these 28 Prdxs and 50 putative Tnxs. The putative proteins of loggerhead turtles encoded by the genes Prdx1, Prdx3, Prdx5, Prdx6, Txn and Txnip were predicted and characterized in silico. When comparing Prdxs and Txns of loggerhead turtle with homologous human proteins, they showed 18 (9%), 52 (18%) 94 (43%), 36 (16%), 35 (33%) and 74 (19%) amino acid mutations respectively. However, they showed high conservation in active sites and structural motifs (98%), with few specific modifications. Of these, Prdx1, Prdx3, Prdx5, Prdx6, Txn and Txnip presented 0, 25, 18, three, six and two deleterious changes. This study provides a high quality blood transcriptome and functional annotation of loggerhead sea turtles

De novo assembly and functional annotation of blood transcriptome of loggerhead turtle, and in silico characterization of peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins

The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the atlas of the loggerhead turtle blood transcriptome by RNA-seq, as well as identify and characterize thioredoxin (Tnxs) and peroxiredoxin (Prdxs) antioxidant enzymes of the greatest interest in the control of peroxide levels and other biological functions. The transcriptome of loggerhead turtle was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform and de novo assembly was performed using the Trinity pipeline. The assembly comprised 515,597 contigs with an N50 of 2,631 bp. Contigs were analyzed with CD-Hit obtaining 374,545 unigenes, of which 165,676 had ORFs encoding putative proteins longer than 100 amino acids. A total of 52,147 (31.5%) of these transcripts had significant homology matches in at least one of the five databases used. From the enrichment of GO terms, 180 proteins with antioxidant activity were identified, among these 28 Prdxs and 50 putative Tnxs. The putative proteins of loggerhead turtles encoded by the genes Prdx1, Prdx3, Prdx5, Prdx6, Txn and Txnip were predicted and characterized in silico. When comparing Prdxs and Txns of loggerhead turtle with homologous human proteins, they showed 18 (9%), 52 (18%) 94 (43%), 36 (16%), 35 (33%) and 74 (19%) amino acid mutations respectively. However, they showed high conservation in active sites and structural motifs (98%), with few specific modifications. Of these, Prdx1, Prdx3, Prdx5, Prdx6, Txn and Txnip presented 0, 25, 18, three, six and two deleterious changes. This study provides a high quality blood transcriptome and functional annotation of loggerhead sea turtles