Features of water management organizations activity complex evaluation

Water management budgetary organizations carry out comprehensive activity in the field of water economy, earth’s land-reclamations, providing of population and national economy industries necessities in water resources. But unlike a self-supporting sphere, efficiency in which is determined objectively the level of profitability, the budgetary organizations and establishment’s activity estimation method in a considerable measure is indefinite and continues to have subjective character. The Ukraine statutory broker on a water economy conducts the organizations work indexes bulletin, which contains the large information array. It is enables to estimate organization after separate directions or works types, but does not allow to carry out general complex (or rating) organization activity description. Quite often the organization work general estimation from the side of higher establishment largely depends on leader ability to report about its activity. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1172

Geometrical model of calculation of planet reflected solar thermal fluxes

Geometrical model for calculation of planet reflected solar thermal fluxe

Особливості розмноження Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae R. Br.)

This article contains the results of investigations of seed and vegetative reproduction of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is found out that seeds of great!fruit sorts do not sprout in connection with undeveloped endosperm, germination of seeds of small!fruit sorts and forms reaches 20–28 %.Наведено результати досліджень насіннєвого та вегетативного розмноження Zizyphus jujuba Mill. в Лісостепу України. З'ясовано, що через недорозвинений ендосперм насіння крупноплідних сортів не проростає, схожість насіння дрібноплідних сортів та форм становить 20–28%

Logging residues for charcoal production through forest management in the Brazilian Amazon: Economic gains and forest regrowth effects.

Sustainable forest management practices can potentially reverse loss of forest cover due to deforestation, while concomitantly preserving and maintaining biodiversity, and stimulating jobs, income, and forest services. Recent studies found that significant logging residues (i.e., leaves, branches, and buttress roots) suitable for bioenergy production were often left in the felling area, triggering risks of forest fires and increased CO2 emissions due to wildfires or decomposition processes. For impact assessment of forest management practices, we collected primary harvesting data and estimated net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for 13 forest plots in the Brazilian Amazon. We applied a process-based forestry growth model (BGC-Man) to analyze the impacts on forest dynamics of selective logging and removal of logging residues, subject to landscape, soil texture, and daily weather. We explored the following selective logging scenarios: the Legal Reserve (i.e., reference) scenario, a scenario with one cutting cycle over the whole period, and a scenario with three timber rotation periods of 30 years. Two of the later scenarios were complemented with harvesting of the woody logging residues (LR; Ø≥10 cm) for charcoal production. For each scenario, we computed forest NPP and NEE over a 120-year time horizon. Results suggest that using woody logging residues (i.e., 77% of total LR) for charcoal production would result in an economic gain equivalent to 24-46% of the timber price. Our findings indicate that under scenarios where LR were removed, forest NPP recovered to the reference level and even higher, while income and jobs from harvesting LR for charcoal production were generated. We conclude that sustainable forest management could enhance forest productivity and deliver economic benefit from otherwise unexploited logging residues

Digital constructs of visual modeling in consulting diagnostics

In the current conditions of digital technologies global development, it is important to refocus on the traditional concepts adjustment and their adaptation to the concepts of digital format in management consulting and training processes in business organizations. In this article the new opportunities for social research in the surveys of top management of companies at the stage of hypotheses formation and their correction in the process of using author's methods are outlined. A feature of such studies is the development of simulation models in a digital visual-graphic format, which helps to pack diverse management information in visual and capacious constructs, analyze business behavior of management companies. The main attention is paid to the description of research consulting developments in the analysis of management situations. The methodical base of modern researches in the studied area is considered. Eight adaptive features of digital visualizations of management information are noted. The basic requirements for management information and the stages of work with it in the process of analysis and preparation for the transfer of its consultant to the top management of the company are presented. The method of adjustment of a management situation by means of the visualized interview with the head of rm and key top managers for a case of merge of firms with formation of holding is described. The basic visual model of preliminary assessment by the head of the company of the integral management vision of the organizational state of the company, nodal risks and further dynamics of the company are provided. The conclusion is made about the key role of digital visual solutions in the transition from the usual methods and techniques of sociological research to diagnostics and prognostics, developed on the basis of digital format

Entrepreneurship support institutions in Russia

The article presents historical and modern aspects of the theory of entrepreneurship, the role of entrepreneurship in the socio-economic life of the country. The paper considers the reasons: why the state should create conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The study gives criteria for defining small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and in the European Union. The author studies and presents the main indicators that characterize the degree of development of small and medium-sized businesses in terms of their involvement in the economy. The article gives the classification of the main measures to support small and medium-sized businesses in countries with a developed business sector. The paper considers the main measures of state support for entrepreneurship in Russia and assesses their effectiveness

Digital transformation of social research and development

A new problems of digital transformation are analyzed: what are the features of the transitions of sociological research in the virtual world from the real world and the peculiarities of the transitions of sociological research from the virtual world to the real world? What are the visual features of sociological research in a bundle with social psychological methods and with management psychology? How this integrative content manifests itself in management consulting? What are advantages of visual modeling of the real world in sociological consulting and in consulting projects? What is the reliability and validity of sociological research and development in consulting conjunction with integrated techniques? How does the "third eye" of their validation occur - the phenomenon of “constructive validity”? How does this phenomenon relate with internal and external validity in the terms of digital transformation

Regional Variability and Driving Forces behind Forest Fires in Sweden

Extreme forest fires have been a historic concern in the forests of Canada, the Russian Federation, and the USA, and are now an increasing threat in boreal Europe, where recent fire events in 2014 and 2018 drew attention to Sweden. Our study objective was to understand the vulnerability of Swedish forests to fire by spatially analyzing historical burned areas, and to link fire events with weather, landscape, and fire-related socioeconomic factors. We developed an extensive database of 1 × 1 km2 homogenous grids, where monthly burned areas were derived from the MODIS FireCCI51 dataset. The database consists of various socio-economic, topographic-, forest-, and weather-related remote sensing products. To include new factors in the IIASA’s FLAM model, we developed a random forest model to assess the spatial probabilities of burned areas. Due to Sweden’s geographical diversity, fire dynamics vary between six biogeographical zones. Therefore, the model was applied to each zone separately. As an outcome, we obtained probabilities of burned areas in the forests across Sweden and observed burned areas were well captured by the model. The result accuracy differs with respect to zone; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.875 and 0.94 for zones with few fires, but above 0.95 for zones with a higher number of fire events. Feature importance analysis and their variability across Sweden provide valuable information to understand the reasons behind forest fires. The Fine Fuel Moisture Code, population and road densities, slope and aspect, and forest stand volume were found to be among the key fire-related factors in Sweden. Our modeling approach can be extended to hotspot mapping in other boreal regions and thus is highly policy-relevant. Visualization of our results is available in the Google Earth Engine Application

МЕТОДИ ТА ЗАСОБИ ЗНИЖЕННЯ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ВТРАТ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ В ЕЛЕМЕНТАХ СИСТЕМ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ

The aim of the work is to determine the factors that influence the change of electricity technical losses and the dynamics of power losses change depending on the exploitation term of the elements of power supply systems. This will allow to develop more accurate methods for determining the electric energy losses and calculate the real value of the power losses in the elements of the power supply system that have been operated for a long time. The task of electricity losses reduction is an important part of the more general problem of reducing energy consumption and efficient use of energy resources through the optimization of consumption and power generation.In the context of continuous growth of power rates and change of energy consumption, the energy saving and rational management of the power economy get the great importance and present not only engineering problem, but also the economic problem. Hence the need to reduce non-productive energy losses and improve the technical operation of power supply system appears. Currently, much attention is paid to the electric energy losses reduction through the development of more accurate methods of the energy losses determination in all elements of power systems.The analysis shows that the change of power losses is determined by changing of the permanent electric networks reconfiguration as a result of their reconstruction and changes in the conditions and frequency of use, as well as the technical state of the elements of power supply systems during the operationЦелью данной работы является установление факторов, влияющих на изменение технических потерь электроэнергии, и зависимости динамики изменения технических потерь за время эксплуатации элементов систем электроснабжения. Это позволит разработать более точные методы определения потерь электроэнергии и рассчитать реальные значения технических потерь электроэнергии в элементах системы электроснабжения, эксплуатируемых в течение значительного срока. В результате проведенного анализа установлено, что изменение технических потерь определяется постоянным изменением конфигурации сетей, в результате их реконструкции и изменениями условий и интенсивности эксплуатации, а также технического состояния элементов систем электроснабжения за время эксплуатацииМетою даної роботи є встановлення факторів, що впливають на зміну технічних втрат електроенергії, та залежності динаміки зміни технічних втрат за час експлуатації елементів систем електропостачання, а також розробка класифікації заходів щодо зниження втрат електроенергії у системах електропостачання. В результаті проведеного аналізу встановлено, що зміна технічних втрат визначається постійною зміною конфігурації мереж, внаслідок їхньої реконструкції та змін умов і інтенсивності експлуатації, а також технічного стану елементів систем електропостачання за час експлуатації

Regional Variability and Driving Forces behind Forest Fires in Sweden

Extreme forest fires have been a historic concern in forests in Canada, the Russian Federation, or the USA, and are now becoming an increasing threat in boreal Europe where recent fire events in 2014 and 2018 caught the attention of those in Sweden. Our study objective was to understand the vulnerability of Swedish forests to fire by spatially analyzing historical burned areas and linking fire events with weather, landscape, and fire-related socioeconomic factors. We developed an extensive database at 1 × 1 km2 homogenous grid, where monthly areas burned in a forest were derived from the MODIS FireCCI51 dataset. Spatial factors, including camping sites, lakes, and roads, topographic features, including aspect, slope, and mean elevation, population density, forest management intensity, and forest stand volume, were collected from various sources and pre-processed. Monthly Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) values over 2011–2018 were calculated from daily weather data by IIASA’s FLAM model. To include new factors into FLAM, we developed a random forest model to assess the spatial probabilities of burned areas. Due to Sweden’s geographical diversity, the fire dynamics vary between six biogeographical zones. Therefore, the model was applied to each zone separately. As an outcome, we obtained probabilities of burned areas in the forests across Sweden and optimized thresholds. Observed burned areas were well captured by the model. Result accuracy differs with respect to zones; area under the curve (AUC) was 0.875 and 0.94 for zones with a few fires, but above 0.95 for zones with a higher number of fire events. Feature importance analysis and its variability across Sweden provide important information to understand the factors behind forest fires. FFMC, population and road densities, slope and aspect, and forest stand volume were found to be among the key fire-related factors in Sweden. Our modeling approach can be extended to hotspot mapping in other Boreal regions