The E-ELT first light spectrograph HARMONI: capabilities and modes

Trabajo presentado en SPIE Astronomical Telescopes, celebrado en San Diego (California), del 26 de junio al 1 de julio de 2016HARMONI is the E-ELT's first light visible and near-infrared integral field spectrograph. It will provide four different spatial scales, ranging from coarse spaxels of 60 × 30 mas best suited for seeing limited observations, to 4 mas spaxels that Nyquist sample the diffraction limited point spread function of the E-ELT at near-infrared wavelengths. Each spaxel scale may be combined with eleven spectral settings, that provide a range of spectral resolving powers (R 3500, 7500 and 20000) and instantaneous wavelength coverage spanning the 0.5 - 2.4 ¿m wavelength range of the instrument. In autumn 2015, the HARMONI project started the Preliminary Design Phase, following signature of the contract to design, build, test and commission the instrument, signed between the European Southern Observatory and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Crucially, the contract also includes the preliminary design of the HARMONI Laser Tomographic Adaptive Optics system. The instrument's technical specifications were finalized in the period leading up to contract signature. In this paper, we report on the first activity carried out during preliminary design, defining the baseline architecture for the system, and the trade-off studies leading up to the choice of baseline

4MOST: Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals

We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs ($R = \lambda/\Delta\lambda \sim 6500$), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph ($R \sim 20\,000$). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations

Effect of diversified hen raising system on lutein content in eggs

Zainteresowanie karotenoidami wynika z ich znaczenia w żywieniu człowieka. Szczególnie luteina oraz zeaksantyna spełniają ważną funkcję w procesie widzenia, a także w profilaktyce chorób cywilizacyjnych. Celem pracy było porównanie zawartości luteiny w jajach pochodzących od niosek ze zróżnicowanego systemu chowu (klatkowy, ściółkowy, wolno wybiegowy) oraz ocena sensoryczna badanych jaj. Największą zawartość luteiny oznaczono w jajach pochodzących od kur z chowu wolnowybiegowego (średnio o ponad 50 % więcej w porównaniu z innymi grupami). Jaja te zostały wyróżnione także przez panel sensoryczny pod względem smaku (4,9 pkt) oraz zapachu (4,8 pkt). Jaja pochodzące z chowu fermowego, wzbogacone w wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe oraz wit. A + E charakteryzowały się najmniejszą zawartością luteiny (0,21 mg/jajo). Surowiec standardowy, pochodzący od niosek z fermy towarowej, cechował się najwyższym stopniem wybarwienia żółtka (14,8) przy jednoczesnym wysokim poziomie oznaczonego karotenoidu (0,37 mg/jajo).The interest in carotenoids results from their importance in human nutrition. Particularly, lutein and zeaxanthin play a vital role in the process of seeing, as well as in the lifestyle disease prophylaxis. The objective of the study was to compare the content of lutein in eggs laid by hens from a diversified raising system (cage, bedding, and free-range system) and to sensory assess the eggs under analysis. The highest content of lutein was determined in eggs laid by hens kept in a free-range system (over 50 % on average compared to other groups). These eggs were also emphasised in the sensory panel as those with the best taste (4.9) and aroma (4.8). The eggs, laid by hens raised in a poultry farming system and enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins A+E, were characterized by the lowest content of lutein (0.21mg/egg). The standard material, obtained from laying hens raised in a commercial farm, was characterized by the highest egg yolk coloration (14.8) and, at the same time, by a high level of carotenoid determined (0.37mg/egg)

FITS: A flexible virtual network testbed architecture

International audienceIn this paper, we present the design and implementation of FITS (Future Internet Testbed with Security), an open, shared, and general-purpose testbed for the Future Internet. FITS defines an innovative architecture that allows users running experiments with new mechanisms and protocols using both Xen and OpenFlow on the same network infrastructure. FITS integrates several recognized state-of-the-art features such as plane separation, zero-loss network migration, and smartcard-driven security access, to cite a few. The current physical testbed is composed of nodes placed at several Brazilian and European institutions interconnected by encrypted tunnels. Besides presenting the FITS architecture and its features, we also discuss deployment challenges and how we have overcome them