46 research outputs found
The analysis of various measures of the speed control of the traffic in the cities and settlements of the Republic of Belarus
The results of the analysis of various measures of calm of movement in cities and settlements are presented in the article. The alternative measures of physical and psychological effects on the traffic participants are considered. Particular attention is paid to the application of speed humps. They are installed on the streets of cities and settlements widely. The statistics of road traffic accidents at sites with humps in Minsk are considered. Various aspects of the effect of speed humps on accident rate have been established. And experimental studies of the instantaneous speeds of road vehicles in the installation area of speed humps have been performed. New modifications of speed humps are proposed, the design of which was developed on the basis of research of interactions with the car. Also the study investigated the effect of hump on the accident rate, delays in transportation, changes of speed and flow density. In addition, specific proposals have been developed. They are included in the technical normative legal acts in our country partially. That proposals allows to increase the overall quality of traffic (minimize the total economic, environmental and emergency losses from installation of speed humps). For example, alternative variants of design decisions on improvement of quality traffic safety are considered. In addition, the article considers other measures of forced speed control on streets network of cities and settlements in the country
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ 2-((5-(ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-4-R-1,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-3-ΡΠ»)ΡΡΠΎ)Π΅ΡΠ°Π½-1-ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
The number of new various diseases increases with the development of science and technology. But currently medicine does not have effective ways to overcome this problem. There is a large number of different pharmacological groups of drugs at the pharmaceutical market, but some of them are not available for the Ukrainian consumers. Therefore, the main task of national scientists in the field of pharmaceutical synthesis is the search for new biologically active substances and their further introduction into medical practice as new, low-toxic, original medicines of the Ukrainian production at an affordable price. The aim of our research is the synthesis of a new class of biologically active substances, namely 2-((5-(phenoxymethyl)-4-R-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethan-1- ols and their derivatives. All compounds obtained have been synthesized from 5-(phen-oxymethyl)-4-R-1,2,4- triazol-3-thiones (R = H, C2H5, C6H5) using electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions when heating. The structure of the compounds synthesized has been confirmed by using a modern set of physical and chemical methods such as IR-spectrometry, 1H NMR spectrometry and elemental analysis, and their individuality by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The work in determining the parameters of acute toxicity and biological activity is continued.Π‘ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² β 2-((5-(ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-4-R-1,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-3-ΠΈΠ»)ΡΠΈΠΎ)ΡΡΠ°Π½-1-ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ 5-(ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-4-R-1,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-3-ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (R=H, C2H5, C6H5) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈ- Π·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, 1Π Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ β ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ- Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Π ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ², Π°Π»Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ β 2-((5-(ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-4-R-1,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-3-ΡΠ»)ΡΡΠΎ)Π΅ΡΠ°Π½-1-ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
. ΠΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ 5-(ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-4-R-1,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-3-ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² (R = H, C2H5, C6H5) Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²: ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, 1Π Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, Π° ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ β ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
In vivo imaging reveals reduced activity of neuronal circuits in a mouse tauopathy model
Pathological alterations of tau protein play a significant role in the emergence and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Tauopathies are characterized by detachment of the tau protein from neuronal microtubules, and its subsequent aberrant hyperphosphorylation, aggregation and cellular distribution. The exact nature of tau protein species causing neuronal malfunction and degeneration is still unknown. In the present study, we used mice transgenic for human tau with the frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-associated P301S mutation. These mice are prone to develop fibrillar tau inclusions, especially in the spinal cord and brainstem. At the same time, cortical neurons are not as strongly affected by fibrillar tau forms, but rather by soluble tau forms. We took advantage of the possibility to induce formation of neurofibrillary tangles in a subset of these cortical neurons by local injection of preformed synthetic tau fibrils. By using chronic in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice, we were able for the first time to follow the activity of individual tangle-bearing neurons and compare it to the activity of tangle-free neurons over the disease course. Our results revealed strong reduction of calcium transient frequency in layer 2/3 cortical neurons of P301S mice, independent of neurofibrillary tangle presence. These results clearly point to the impairing role of soluble, mutated tau protein species present in the majority of the neurons investigated in this study
ΠΠ«ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ¨ΠΠ-ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠ Π Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ£ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π¦ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
The processes of forming the solid component of welding fumes (SCWF) are considered; the particles of SCWF are shown to differ in phase and chemical composition, and dispersion depending on welding materials and welding conditions; the magnetite Fe3O4 and the iron-manganese spinel MnFe2O4 are the main phases. The determination of calibration characteristics of non-destructive techniques and the validation of the techniques for quantitative chemical analysis of SCWF are complicated by the lack of certified reference materials. The development of certified mixtures, appropriate to real samples of SCWF collected on a filter, is difficult because of the complexity of their physical and chemical properties. The synthetic samples were prepared in the form of an organic thin film containing the powder compounds of elements controlled in the SCWF. The studies were conducted to choose the powder-carrier of analytes for developing the certified mixtures. The maximum size value of powder grains were estimated when the effect of micro absorption heterogeneity can be neglected on the background of random error in preparing film certified mixtures. It is experimentally proven that any analyte compounds are suitable for use as a powder-carrier of analytes in developing the calibration samples for the non-destructive techniques of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of SCWF samples if their particle sizes are less than 4 microns. A set of film certified mixtures was developed, which can be recommended as the calibration samples for the non-destructive XRF techniques; the error in their preparation is characterized by the variation coefficient of 5-6 %.Keywords: solid component of welding fumes, X-ray fluorescence analysis, certified mixtures, particle sizes, effect of microabsorption heterogeneity(Russian)DOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.011Β T.V. Stepanova, A.N. Smagunova, E.N. Korzhova Β Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Β Russian FederationΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ (Π’Π‘Π‘Π); ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π’Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Fe3O4 ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅Π»Ρ MnFe2O4. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (Π Π€Π) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π’Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌ Π’Π‘Π‘Π, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π’Π‘Π‘Π. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π Π€Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π’Π‘Π‘Π Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 4 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π Π€Π; ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 5-6 %.ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈDOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.01
The choice of analytesβ powder-carrier for preparing calibration samples when analyzing welding fumes using X-ray fluorescence
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ (Π’Π‘Π‘Π); ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π’Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡ FeβOβ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅Π»Ρ MnFeβOβ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (Π Π€Π) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π’Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌ Π’Π‘Π‘Π, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π’Π‘Π‘Π. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π Π€Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π’Π‘Π‘Π Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 4 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π Π€Π; ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 5-6 %.The processes of forming the solid component of welding fumes (SCWF) are considered; the particles of SCWF are shown to differ in phase and chemical composition, and dispersion depending on welding materials and welding conditions; the magnetite FeβOβ and the iron-manganese spinel MnFeβOβ are the main phases. The determination of calibration characteristics of non-destructive techniques and the validation of the techniques for quantitative chemical analysis of SCWF are complicated by the lack of certified reference materials. The development of certified mixtures, appropriate to real samples of SCWF collected on a filter, is difficult because of the complexity of their physical and chemical properties. The synthetic samples were prepared in the form of an organic thin film containing the powder compounds of elements controlled in the SCWF. The studies were conducted to choose the powder-carrier of analytes for developing the certified mixtures. The maximum size value of powder grains were estimated when the effect of micro absorption heterogeneity can be neglected on the background of random error in preparing film certified mixtures. It is experimentally proven that any analyte compounds are suitable for use as a powder-carrier of analytes in developing the calibration samples for the non-destructive techniques of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of SCWF samples if their particle sizes are less than 4 microns. A set of film certified mixtures was developed, which can be recommended as the calibration samples for the non-destructive XRF techniques; the error in their preparation is characterized by the variation coefficient of 5-6 %
Problems of Development and Application of Metal Matrix Composite Powders for Additive Technologies
The paper considers the problem of structure formation in composites with carbide phase and a metal binder under self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of powder mixtures. The relation between metal binder content and their structure and wear resistance of coatings was studied. It has been shown that dispersion of the carbide phase and volume content of metal binder in the composite powders structure could be regulated purposefully for all of studied composites. It was found that the structure of surfaced coating was fully inherited of composite powders. Modification or coarsening of the structure at the expense of recrystallization or coagulation carbide phase during deposition and sputtering does not occur
Coligomerization of Styrene and a-Methylstyrene Catalyzed by y Zeolites
It is ascertained that during the interaction of styrene and -methylstyrene in the presence of cation and cation-decationated forms of zeolite Y the activity of zeolite catalysts increases in the following order: NiNaY CaNaY <LaNaY 0,5 NY <La Y <NiHY 0,96 Y. The product of reaction in the presence of cation forms of zeolite (NiNaY, CaNaY, LaNaY) is a mixture of low-molecular (n=2 - 4) and high-molecular oligomers (n=14). Oligomers with the degree of oligomerization 2 - 8 are formed in the presence of other zeolite samples. Zeolites 0,96 Y and NiHY allow to receive gomo - and codimers with selectivity 68-80%. The main product of codimerization is cyclic dimer 1,1 β dimethyl β 3-phenylindane
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»
The research of immunotoxicity of extended-release form of Afobazol was conducted on male CBA, C57BL/6 and F1 hybrids (CBAΓC57BL/6) mice. Afobazol was administered per os for 14 days in doses of 12 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg. Control group received a placebo. Weight of thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes was not affected by the extended-release form of Afobazol in doses of 12 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg in F1 hybrids (CBAΓC57BL/6) mice compared to the control group (p> 0.05). Cellularity of thymus was significantly increased by the extended-release form of Afobazol in dose of 12 mg/kg (p< 0.01 vs control group). Administration of the extended-release form of Afobazol in doses of 12 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg decreased spontaneous chemiluminescence activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 2.0 and 2.2 times, in dose of 120 mg/kg level integral chemiluminescence response S was decreased in 2.4 times (p< 0.05 vs control group). Phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and antibody production in F1 hybrids (CBAΓC57BL/6) mice were not affected by administration of the extended-release form of Afobazol in doses of 12 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg (p > 0.05 vs control group). 14 days of the extended-release form of Afobazol in doses of 12 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg did not cause any significant change to intensity of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (p> 0.05 vs control group). The results of the study allow us to conclude that administration of the extended-release form Afobazol in the range of studied doses does not induce immunotoxicity.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΠ, C57BL/6, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
F1(CBAΓΠ‘57BL/6). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 14 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
12 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 120 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½-Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ 14-Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
12 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 120 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ-Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ F1 (Π‘ΠΠΓC57BL/6) Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ (Ρ< 0,01) ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 12 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
12 ΠΈ 120 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² 2,0 ΠΈ 2,2 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 120 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ (p< 0,05) ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ S Π² 2,4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎ. ΠΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
12 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 120 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² F1 (Π‘ΠΠΓC57BL/6), Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (ΠΠΠ’) ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 14 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
12 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 120 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΠ ΠΈ C57BL/6 Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΠΠ-1 (N-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»-N-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-3ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°)
The study of allergenic properties and immunotoxic effects of the ready-to-use drug form of GML-1 (N-benzyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazin-3-carboxamide), compounds with high TSPO affinity and pronounced anxiolytic activity, was carried out. The study of allergenic properties and immunotoxicity of GML-1 was performed on male albino guinea pigs weighing 250-300 g and on male CBA, C57BL / 6, F1 hybrids (CBAxC57BL/6) mice. When assessing immunotoxicity, GML-1 was inject to mice per os for 14 days in doses of 2.2 mg / kg and 22 mg / kg. When studying the allergenicity, GML-1 was injected to albino guinea pigs in doses of 1 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg according to standard regimens of immunization. The results of the study of the immuno-toxicity and allergenicity of GML-1 allow us to conclude that the injection of tablet dosage form of GML-1 in the range of studied doses does not have an immunotoxic effect and allergenic properties.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΠ-1(N-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»-N-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°), Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°(TSPO), ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ-1 Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ 250β300 Π³ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΠ, C57BL/6, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
F1(CBAΡ
Π‘57BL/6). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ-1 Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 14 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
2,2 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 22 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ-1 ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
1 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 10 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ-1 ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΠ-1 Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ
Homeovox, a multicomponent homeopathic treatment for laryngitis of various etiologies, was tested for allergenic properties and immunotoxicity.Methods. 80 male albino guinea pigs and 180 male Π‘ΠΠ, C57BL/6 and F1 hybrid (CBAΡ
Π‘57BL/6) mice were used in the study. In order to assess immunotoxicity, Homeovox was administrated orally to mice for 14 days at doses of 100 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg. To assess the allergenic properties of Homeovox, albino guinea pigs were also given the drug at doses of 100 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg according to the standard immunization schedules.Results. Oral administration of Homeovox to mice for 14 days at doses of 100 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg did not cause significant changes in the main characteristics of immune response compared to controls. When assessing allergenicity, Homeovox at doses 100 mg/kg and 1 000 mg/kg administered according to the standard immunization schedules did not induce systemic anaphylaxis or active skin anaphylaxis in albino guinea pigs. The immunization of guinea pigs by Homeovox at the same doses in a mixture with Freund's complete adjuvant caused no delayed allergic reactions. Homeovox at a single oral dose of 1 000 mg/kg significantly decreased concanavalin A-induced inflammation in CBA mice by 58.4 %.Conclusion. Within the dosage range investigated, Homeovox does not induce immunotoxicity, immediate- or delayed-type allergic or pseudoallergic reactions.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ β ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° 80 ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π° 180 ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΠ, C57BL/6, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
F1(CBAΡ
Π‘57BL/6). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 14 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
100 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 1 000 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
100 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 1 000 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. 14-Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
100 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 1 000 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
100 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ 1 000 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π€ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΄Π° Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 1 000 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ CBA Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π β Π½Π° 58,4 %.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
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