896 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ (IFIL)
Classic deductive verification is not focused on reasoning about program incorrectness. Reasoning about program incorrectness using formal methods is an important problem nowadays. Special logics such as Incorrectness Logic, Adversarial Logic, Local Completeness Logic, Exact Separation Logic and Outcome Logic have recently been proposed to address it. However, these logics have two disadvantages. One is that they are based on under-approximation approaches, while classic deductive verification is based on the over-approximation approach. One the other hand, the use of the classic approach requires defining loop invariants in a general case. The second disadvantage is that the use of generalized inference rules from these logics results in having to prove too complex formulas in simple cases. Our contribution is a new logic for solving these problems in the case of loops over data sequences. These loops are referred to as finite iterations. We call the proposed logic the Incorrectness Finite Iteration Logic (IFIL). We avoid defining invariants of finite iterations using a symbolic replacement of these loops with recursive functions. Our logic is based on special inference rules for finite iterations. These rules allow generating formulas with recursive functions corresponding to finite iterations. The validity of these formulas may indicate the presence of bugs in the finite iterations. This logic has been implemented in a new version of the C-lightVer system for deductive verification of C programs.ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Incorrectness Logic, Adversarial Logic, Local Completeness Logic, Exact Separation Logic ΠΈ Outcome Logic, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
, Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ
, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ» Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ (IFIL). ΠΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ C-lightVer Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ C
On the Bulk Velocity of Brownian Ratchets
In this paper we study the unidirectional transport effect for Brownian ratchets modeled by Fokker--Planck-type equations. In particular, we consider the adiabatic and semiadiabatic limits for tilting ratchets, generic ratchets with small diffusion, and the multistate chemical ratchets. Having established a linear relation between the bulk transport velocity and the biperiodic solution, and using relative entropy estimates and new functional inequalities, we obtain explicit asymptotic formulas for the transport velocity and qualitative results concerning the direction of transport. In particular, we prove the conjecture by Blanchet, Dolbeault, and Kowalczyk that the bulk velocity of the stochastic Stokes' drift is nonzero for every nonconstant potential
Foresight research in management accounting: scenario forecasting and a comprehensive system of expert assessment methods in agricultural holdings
Foresight research in management accounting should be aimed at solving long-term perspective issues. A set of systems and methods of expert assessment is selected or developed in the course of such studies. The managerial staff of an economic entity with the authority to make strategic decisions develop forecast scenarios taking into account the opinions of competent experts involved in the economic field under consideration. Based on the fact that there can be many options for an economic future, they jointly discuss and develop a coordinated idea of ββwhich option for future economic development is most preferable for an agricultural holding, taking into account the variability of the economic situation.The subject of the study is the improvement of management accounting in the part of Foresight research in agricultural holdings with a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the management of the activities of its agricultural organizations. In modern times, agricultural holdings can change the situation through competent management accounting, since competent management accounting allows companies to consolidate their activities, thereby giving good development to agriculture, both financially and in attracting highly qualified specialists, as well as the country's food security. In accordance with this goal, the main task was determined: to develop the mechanisms of Foresight research of management accounting in agricultural holdings, for the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of management of the activities of agricultural organizations included in it. Foresight participants do not try to guess the future but build a comprehensive system of measures for the development of the agricultural holding, which allow it to be achieved; this distinguishes the difference between foresight and traditional methods of planning, forecasting and budgeting in agriculture
Π‘ΠΠΠ¬Π‘ΠΠΠ Π₯ΠΠΠ―ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ: Π‘ΠΠΠΠ Π¨ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ Π£Π§ΠΠ’Π
In the present economic situation, effective management accounting of the activities of any agricultural enterprise implies regular monitoring using a whole range of traditional and innovative analytical and management tools. In the conditions of the modern market, the need for research of the theory and practice of management accounting and its features in relation to a specific target audience is growing. Among the diversity of agricultural organizations, the most important is to identify priorities in improving the business in order to increase its efficiency and uniqueness. In this paper, with the help of tools, various aspects of management accounting are analyzed, a new generalized direction of accounting is defined, a new concept of management accounting is given, the most effective and optimal management approaches are identified for effective decision making.The proposed measures can be applied not only by agricultural organizations, but also by other economic entities. The proposed system of management accounting in agriculture can serve as a starting point for scientific research and improvement of management accounting.En la situaciΓ³n econΓ³mica actual, la contabilidad de gestiΓ³n efectiva de las actividades de cualquier empresa agrΓcola implica un monitoreo regular utilizando toda una gama de herramientas analΓticas y de gestiΓ³n tradicionales e innovadoras. En las condiciones del mercado moderno, la necesidad de investigar la teorΓa y la prΓ‘ctica de la contabilidad de gestiΓ³n y sus caracterΓsticas en relaciΓ³n con un pΓΊblico objetivo especΓfico estΓ‘ creciendo. Entre la diversidad de organizaciones agrΓcolas, lo mΓ‘s importante es identificar las prioridades para mejorar el negocio con el fin de aumentar su eficiencia y singularidad. En este documento, con la ayuda de herramientas, se analizan diversos aspectos de la contabilidad de gestiΓ³n, se define una nueva direcciΓ³n generalizada de contabilidad, se proporciona un nuevo concepto de contabilidad de gestiΓ³n, se identifican los enfoques de gestiΓ³n mΓ‘s eficaces y Γ³ptimos para una toma de decisiones efectiva. Las medidas propuestas pueden ser aplicadas no solo por organizaciones agrΓcolas, sino tambiΓ©n por otras entidades econΓ³micas. El sistema propuesto de contabilidad de gestiΓ³n en la agricultura puede servir como punto de partida para la investigaciΓ³n cientΓfica y la mejora de la contabilidad de gestiΓ³n.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
- β¦