Internet Industry: A Perspective Review through Internet of Things and Internet of Everything

The objective of this article is to concisely explore the Internet industry through a new perspective and concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE). Within this article, a brief description and development of Internet industry are presented; following with competitive strategy within the Internet industry; then value chain and the use of applications in the Internet industry. Followed by effects and benefits; and challenges, legal and ethical issues of IoT and IoE. Finally, a Concise Concluding Statement for Thoughts is stated

Social and Psychological Factors Associated with Health Care Transition for Young Adults Living with Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Due to advances in disease management, mortality rates in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have decreased. However, mortality rates for young adults (YA) increased, and understanding of social and psychological factors is critical. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with health care transition experiences for YA with SCD. Method: This was a qualitative descriptive study. A 45-minute semistructured interview was conducted with 13 YA (M = 21.5 years, SD = 1.73). Results: Results suggest that social and psychological factors and self-management experiences influence health care transition. Eight themes emerged: “need for accessible support”; “early assistance with goal setting”; “incongruence among expectations, experiences, and preparation”; “spiritual distress”; “stigma”; “need for collaboration”; “appreciation for caring providers”; and “feeling isolated.” Discussion: Consideration of cultural contexts will guide nurses in supporting health care transition. Designing culturally relevant interventions that address unique needs for YA living with SCD is warranted

Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia: a follow-up of 5–14 years

Introduction: Pallidal DBS is an established treatment for severe isolated dystonia. However, its use in disabling and treatment-refractory tardive syndromes (TS) including tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia (TD) is less well investigated and long-term data remain sparse. This observational study evaluates long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in patients with medically refractory TS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of seven TD patients with bilateral GPi-DBS. Involuntary movements, dystonia and disability were rated at long-term follow-up (LT-FU) after a mean of 122 +/- 33.2 SD months (range 63-171 months) and compared to baseline (BL), short-term (ST-FU; mean 6 +/- 2.0 SD months) and 4-year follow-up (4y-FU; mean 45 +/- 12.3 SD months) using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), respectively. Quality of life and mood were evaluated using the SF36 and Beck Depression Index (BDI) questionnaires, respectively. Results: At LT-FU patients had improved by 73% +/- 14.2 SD in involuntary movements and 90% +/- 1.0 SD in dystonia. Mood had improved significantly whereas quality of life remained unchanged compared to baseline. No serious long-lasting stimulation-related adverse events (AEs) were observed. Three patients of this cohort presented without active stimulation and ongoing symptom relief at long-term follow-up after 3-10 years of continuous DBS. Conclusion: Pallidal DBS is a safe and effective long-term TD treatment. Even more interesting, three of our patients could stop stimulation after several years of DBS without serious relapse. Larger studies need to explore the phenomenon of ongoing symptom relief after DBS cessation

Developing an Auditory and Visual Cross-Modal Continuous Performance Task for Evaluating Concussion

Neurocognitive tests like the SCAT3 and ImPACT have become standard concussion assessment tools. Although these tests have adequate sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, they are unimodal in nature. Consequently, the tests do not fully assess the range of processing that can be affected by concussion (Thompson, 2012). Therefore, we developed a cross-modal continuous performance task to examine cognitive processing post-concussion. Forty-three middle school school lacrosse players, college students, and physical therapy graduate students participated in the study. Twelve of these participants had been previously diagnosed with a concussion. Participants completed a symptom checklist from SCAT3 along with other demographic information (e.g., previously concussed, last concussion). They then completed the continuous performance task starting with visual detection followed by visual inhibition, auditory detection, and auditory inhibition. Older subjects were more accurate than younger subjects on the detection task (F(1, 84) = 20.61, p \u3c .001). Subjects were also more accurate on the visual task than the auditory task (F(1, 84) = 21.47, p \u3c .001). Both age (F(1, 84) = 5.65, p \u3c .02) and previous concussion (F(1, 84) = 4.49, p \u3c .04) interacted with test modality. College and graduate students who had previously been concussed performed the same as those who had not been concussed. However, middle schoolers who had been concussed did significantly worse on the auditory task than those who had not been concussed. Similarly, older subjects were more accurate than younger subjects on the inhibition task (F(1, 84) = 4.91, p \u3c .03). Older subjects were also significantly more accurate on the visual task than the middle schoolers (F(1, 84) = 5.33, p \u3c .03; Figure 2). However, no differences were found based on previous concussion

Modulatory Action by the Serotonergic System: Behavior and Neurophysiology in \u3cem\u3eDrosophila melanogaster\u3c/em\u3e

Serotonin modulates various physiological processes and behaviors. This study investigates the role of 5-HT in locomotion and feeding behaviors as well as in modulation of sensory-motor circuits. The 5-HT biosynthesis was dysregulated by feeding Drosophila larvae 5-HT, a 5-HT precursor, or an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase during early stages of development. The effects of feeding fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, during early second instars were also examined. 5-HT receptor subtypes were manipulated using RNA interference mediated knockdown and 5-HT receptor insertional mutations. Moreover, synaptic transmission at 5-HT neurons was blocked or enhanced in both larvae and adult flies. The results demonstrate that disruption of components within the 5-HT system significantly impairs locomotion and feeding behaviors in larvae. Acute activation of 5-HT neurons disrupts normal locomotion activity in adult flies. To determine which 5-HT receptor subtype modulates the evoked sensory-motor activity, pharmacological agents were used. In addition, the activity of 5-HT neurons was enhanced by expressing and activating TrpA1 channels or channelrhodopsin-2 while recording the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in muscle fibers. 5-HT2 receptor activation mediates a modulatory role in a sensory-motor circuit, and the activation of 5-HT neurons can suppress the neural circuit activity, while fluoxetine can significantly decrease the sensory-motor activity

Long‐term effects of pallidal and thalamic deep brain stimulation in myoclonus dystonia

Objective: Observational study to evaluate long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) on patients with medically refractory myoclonus dystonia (MD). Background: More recently, pallidal as well as thalamic DBS have been applied successfully in MD but long-term data are sparse. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of seven MD patients with either separate (n = 1, VIM) or combined GPi- DBS and VIM-DBS (n = 6). Myoclonus, dystonia and disability were rated at baseline (BL), short-term (ST-FU) and long-term follow-up (LT-FU) using the United Myoclonus Rating Scale, Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) and Tsui rating scale, respectively. Quality of life (QoL) and mood were evaluated using the SF-36 and Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires, respectively. Results: Patients reached a significant reduction of myoclonus at ST-FU (62% ± 7.3%; mean ± SE) and LT-FU (68% ± 3.4%). While overall motor BFMDRS changes were not significant at LT-FU, patients with GPi-DBS alone responded better and predominant cervical dystonia ameliorated significantly up to 54% ± 9.7% at long-term. Mean disability scores significantly improved by 44% ± 11.4% at ST-FU and 58% ± 14.8% at LT-FU. Mood and QoL remained unchanged between 5 and up to 20 years postoperatively. No serious long-lasting stimulation-related adverse events were observed. Conclusions: We present a cohort of MD patients with very long follow-up of pallidal and/or thalamic DBS that supports the GPi as the favourable stimulation target in MD with safe and sustaining effects on motor symptoms (myoclonus>dystonia) and disability

Kontrolle des Roggenschwarzrostes, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, im Ökologischen Landbau durch Züchtung resistenten Roggens

Der Ökologische Landbau (ÖLB) ist von der zunehmenden Ausbreitung des Roggenschwarz-rostes, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, besonders betroffen, da resistente Roggensorten bisher nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Zur Analyse der Virulenzsituation des Roggenschwarzrostes wurden 389 Einpustelisolate (EPI) hergestellt, von denen 323 mit einem Differentialsortiment aus 15 Inzuchtlinien getestet wurden. Die EPI konnten 226 Pathotypen zugeordnet werden, von denen nur 56 Pathotypen häufiger als einmal vorkamen. Die Mehrzahl der Isolate wies in den Jahren 2011, 2012 und 2013 eine Komplexität von sieben, sechs bzw. fünf auf. Keine der 15 Differentiallinien reagierte vollständig resistent. Mit einem Simpson-Wert von 0,99 zeigt sich eine maximale Diversität der deutschen Schwarzrostpopulation. Das im Rahmen des Projektes entwickelt Isolatesortiment deckt das aktuelle Virulenzspektrum der Schwarzrostpopulationen ab und kann auch zukünftig genutzt werden, um die Wirksamkeit von Schwarzrostresistenzen zu prüfen. Außerdem kann das Auftreten neuer Virulenzen in der Schwarzrostpopulation jetzt rechtzeitig erkannt und wirtschaftlicher Schaden abgewendet werden. Zur Ermittlung der Adultpflanzen-Resistenz wurden bis zu 70 Genetische Ressourcen sowie adaptiertes, selbstfertiles Roggenmaterial unter ökologischen Bedingungen an fünf Feldstandorten je Jahr angebaut. Das Inokulum für die künstlichen Inokulationen wurde am JKI produziert und die Inokulation fand im Entwicklungsstadium BBCH37 (Mai 2013 und Mai 2014) statt. Die im Ökologischen Landbau verwendeten Sorten Recrut, Conduct, Amilo, Firmament®, Lichtkornroggen®, Rolipa und Lautenbacher waren nach künstlicher Infektion hoch anfällig gegenüber Schwarzrost mit Befallsstärken von über 50%. Nach drei Versuchs-jahren konnten insgesamt 17 Populationssorten aus Österreich (Tiroler, Kärntner, Oberkärnt-ner), Russland (Hy75/81, Hy2407/87, Talwoskaja 29, Hy9a/86, Talowskija, Zidlochowicke rane, Instituckie Wcz), den USA (Wheeler, Elbon, Wrens Abruzzi, Gator, Alfa), und Argentinien (Manfredi), mit mittleren Befallswerten von ≤30 % für die Züchtung bereitgestellt werden. Das Projekt leistete damit einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Nutzung der Biodiversität des Roggens und zur Optimierung der Resistenzzüchtung im ÖLB. Resistente Roggensorten werden in Zukunft eine effiziente Kontrolle des Roggenschwarzrostes ermöglichen, die den Grundsätzen des ÖLB entspricht. Das Projekt kann den Hauptaufgaben 2.1, 2.3, 2.4 und 2.14 des Forschungsplanes des BMELV zugeordnet werden und ist Grundlage für die Weiterentwicklung von Strategien zur Nutzung von Schwarzrostresistenzen sowie die Bewertung der Widerstandfähigkeit von Roggen gegenüber Schwarzrost

New Oleoyl Hybrids of Natural Antioxidants: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation as Inducers of Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Nowadays, the beneficial role of a healthy lifestyle, particularly emphasizing the quality of foods and cancer management, is accepted worldwide. Polyphenols and oleic acid play a key role in this context, but are still scarcely used as anti-cancer agents due to their bio-accessibility limits. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize a set of new oleoyl-hybrids of quercetin, morin, pinocembrin, and catechin to overcome the low bioavailability of polyphenols, throughout a bio-catalytic approach using pancreatic porcine lipase as a catalyst. The in vitro assays, using a wide panel of human cancer cell lines showed, mainly for two novel regioisomer oleoyl-hybrids of quercetin, a remarkable increase in apoptotic cell populations. We suggested that the DNA damage shown as ɣH2AX signals might be the major cause of apoptotic cell death. Finally, we demonstrated convincing data about two novel polyphenol-based hybrids displaying a highly selective anti-cancer cytotoxicity and being superior compared to their reference/parental compounds

Real‐life effectiveness of biological therapies on symptoms in severe asthma with comorbid CRSwNP

Background We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibody therapies on nasal polyp symptoms in patients treated for severe asthma. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP who were treated with anti-IgE, anti-IL-5/R or anti-IL-4R. CRSwNP symptom burden was evaluated before and after 6 months of therapy. Results Fifty patients were included hereof treated with anti-IgE: 9, anti-IL-5/R: 26 and anti-IL-4R: 15 patients. At baseline median SNOT-20 was similar among groups (anti-IgE: 55, anti-IL-5/R: 52 and anti-IL-4R: 56, p = 0.76), median visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal symptoms was 4, 7 and 8 (p = 0.14) and VAS for total symptoms was higher in the anti-IL-4R group (4, 5 and 8, p = 0.002). After 6 months SNOT-20 improved significantly in all patient groups with median improvement of anti-IgE: −8 (p < 0.01), anti-IL-5/R: −13 (p < 0.001) and anti-IL-4R: −18 (p < 0.001), with larger improvement in the anti-IL-4R group than in anti-IgE (p < 0.001) and anti-IL-5/R (p < 0.001) groups. VAS nasal symptoms improved by median anti-IgE: 0 (n.s.), anti-IL-5/R: −1 (p < 0.01) and anti-IL-4R: −3 (p < 0.001), VAS total symptoms by anti-IgE: −1 (n.s.), anti-IL-5/R: −2 (p < 0.001) and anti-IL-4R: −2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Treatment by all antibodies showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms of CRSwNP in patients with severe asthma, with the largest reduction observed in anti-IL-4R-treated patients

Do predictors of reading differ among transparent orthographies? : Evidence from a longitudinal study

Toinen kirjoittaja Doris Kofler, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Viides kirjoittaja Kristin Bauer, Justus Liebig University Kuudes kirjoittaja Taverna Livia, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, ItalyThe aim of this study was to use path modelling to establish how rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short-term memory (VSTM), letter-sound connection (LSC), phoneme blending (PHB), and Raven tasks predict reading in Finnish and German. Students (N = 769) from Finland, Germany, and Italy (German-speaking children from South Tyrol) were followed from first grade until the end of second grade. Firstly, in all countries, LSC was found to be the strongest predictor for reading in first grade. Secondly, Finnish students' word-reading skills were better than those of German and Italian students throughout the follow-up period, but word-reading level in first grade predicted word-reading level after one year only for Italian and German students. Thirdly, rapid automatized naming (RAN) and verbal short-term memory (VSTM) predicted reading skills in each orthography and country with a different power and at different phases, implying that the educational system also has a role in predicting reading skills.Peer reviewe