Tentative Reference Acts? ‘Recognitional Demonstratives’ as Means of Suggesting Mutual Knowledge – or Overriding a Lack of It

In an explorative study on German oral corpus data we investigate recognitional use of proximal demonstratives as a means of explicit speaker-hearer interaction shaping the discourse structure. We show that recognitionals mark tentative reference acts in that speakers suggest - or pretend - mutual knowledge of the referent, at the same time appealing to the hearers to accept the reference. Hearers may tacitly or explicitly accept the referential act or deny it asking for clarification, in the latter case making speakers change the intended local discourse topic. On these grounds we argue against a differentiation between recognitional and indefinite demonstratives, subsuming both as kinds of recognitional use under ‘pretended’ cognitive proximity

Combustion products generating and metering device

Device simulates incipient fire conditions in closely-controlled adjustable manner, to give predetermined degree of intensity at selected locations throughout area, and to verify that detection system will respond. Device can be used with and for cross calibration and experimentation in conjunction with commercially available products of combustion analyzing meters

Combustion products generating and metering device

An apparatus for generating combustion products at a predetermined fixed rate, mixing the combustion products with air to achieve a given concentration, and distributing the resultant mixture to an area or device to be tested is described. The apparatus is comprised of blowers, a holder for the combustion product generating materials (which burn at a predictable and controlled rate), a mixing plenum chamber, and a means for distributing the air combustion product mixture

Internally Constrained Mixtures of Elastic Continua

A treatment of internally constrained mixtures of elastic continua at a common temperature is developed. Internal constraints involving the deformation gradient tensors and the common mixture temperature are represented by a constraint manifold, and an internally constrained mixture of elastic continua is associated with each unique equivalence class of unconstrained mixtures. The example of intrinsic incompressibility of each constituent first proposed by Mills is discussed

ALOL (Actually Laughing Out Loud): A study of technology and face-to-face communication

Technology and face-to-face communication used together were found to create stronger interpersonal relationships as maintenance strategies helped strengthen those interpersonal bonds. The research topic focused on for this study viewed how technology would affect college students face-to-face encounters and their overall interpersonal relationships. The research questions involved how does computer- mediated communication and face-to-face communication affect college students’ interpersonal relationship communication styles and how are communication styles affected by computer-mediated communication. These questions helped create a set for interview protocol where two college students from the Pacific Northwest were interviewed. The methodology also included observing students in a dining hall atmosphere. The results stemming from the interviews and observations found how non-verbal communication and relational maintenance are key factors when using technology and face-to-face communication when in an interpersonal relationship. The conclusions for this study showed by using both computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication have greater relational maintenance and positivity for interpersonal relationships

Triangular Cosserat Point Element Method for Reducing Soft Tissue Artifact: Validation and Application to Gait

Human motion capture technology is a powerful tool for advancing the understanding of human motion biomechanics (Andriacchi and Alexander, 2000). This is most readily accomplished by applying retroreflective markers to a participant’s skin and tracking the position of the markers during motion. Skin and adipose tissue move independently of the underlying bone during motion creating error known as soft tissue artifact (STA), the primary source of error in human motion capture (Leardini et al., 2005). (Solav et al., 2014) proposed and (Solav et al., 2015) expanded the triangular Cosserat point element (TCPE) method to reduce the effect of STA on derived kinematics through application of a marker cluster analyzed as a set of triangular Cosserat point elements. This method also provides metrics for three different modes of STA. Here the updated TCPE method (Solav et al., 2015) was compared to the established point cluster (PC) method of (Andriacchi et al., 1998) and the marker position error minimizing Procrustes solution (PS) method of (Söderkvist and Wedin, 1993) in two implant-based simulations, providing quantitative measures of error, and standard gait analysis, providing qualitative comparisons of each method’s determined kinematics. Both of these experiments allowed the TCPE method to generate observed STA parameters, informing the efficacy of the simulation. The TCPE method’s performance was similar to the PS method’s in the implant simulations and in standard gait. The PC method’s results seemed to be affected by numerical instability: simulation trial errors were larger and standard gait results were only similar to the other methods’ in general terms. While the PS and TCPE results were comparable, the TCPE method’s physiological basis provided the added benefit of non-rigid behavior quantization through its STA parameters. In this study, these parameters were on the same order of v magnitude between the standard gait experiments and the simulations, suggesting that implant simulations could be valuable substitutes when invasive methods are not available

Volumetric Growth of Thermoelastic Materials and Mixtures

The proteoglycan and collagen constituents of cartilage serve distinct mechanical roles. Changes to the mechanical loading conditions during cartilage growth lead to changes in the concentrations of these molecules and, consequently, the mechanical properties. The main aim of this paper is to present a theory that can describe the mechanical aspects of cartilage growth. The model for cartilage growth is based on a general thermomechanical theory for a mixture of an arbitrary number of growing elastic constituents and an inviscid fluid. Our development of a growth mixture theory is accomplished in two steps. First, the thermodynamics of growing elastic materials are considered. The resulting theory of growing thermoelastic materials is extended to continuum mixture theory. Using this general growth mixture theory, we then propose a cartilage growth model that includes two special types of internal constraints that are relevant to cartilage