485 research outputs found
Sign Comprehension in Young Adults, the Healthy Elderly, and Older People with Varying Levels of Cognitive Impairment - Report Series # 5
This study, conducted in the fall of 2004 and the winter of 2005, sought to determine whether sign comprehension suffers in healthy aging and in the presence of cognitive impairment. Sign comprehension is critical for effective driving, response to warnings and way-finding. If signs are poorly comprehended by older people including those with cognitive impairment, accident risk will be increased and independence may be compromised. Groups of young adults, healthy older adults and older adults with varying levels of cognitive impairment were asked the meaning of 65 signs used for driving, warning and way-finding. Healthy older adults were generally good at sign comprehension, but had some difficulty with way-finding signs. Older adults with cognitive impairments had poorer sign comprehension overall and were particularly poor with way-finding signage. Testing of sign comprehension needs to involve a more heterogeneous sampling of older adults. As well, signs that include text would be beneficial to those with cognitive impairment
A Two-dimensional Superconductor in a Tilted Magnetic Field - new states with finite Cooper-pair momentum
Varying the angle Theta between applied field and the conducting planes of a
layered superconductor in a small interval close to the plane-parallel field
direction, a large number of superconducting states with unusual properties may
be produced. For these states, the pair breaking effect of the magnetic field
affects both the orbital and the spin degree of freedom. This leads to pair
wave functions with finite momentum, which are labeled by Landau quantum
numbers 0<n<\infty. The stable order parameter structure and magnetic field
distribution for these states is found by minimizing the quasiclassical free
energy near H_{c2} including nonlinear terms. One finds states with coexisting
line-like and point-like order parameter zeros and states with coexisting
vortices and antivortices. The magnetic response may be diamagnetic or
paramagnetic depending on the position within the unit cell. The structure of
the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) states at Theta=0 is reconsidered.
The transition n->\infty of the paramagnetic vortex states to the FFLO-limit is
analyzed and the physical reason for the occupation of higher Landau levels is
pointed out.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure
Progressive transformation of a flux rope to an ICME
The solar wind conditions at one astronomical unit (AU) can be strongly
disturbed by the interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). A subset,
called magnetic clouds (MCs), is formed by twisted flux ropes that transport an
important amount of magnetic flux and helicity which is released in CMEs. At 1
AU from the Sun, the magnetic structure of MCs is generally modeled neglecting
their expansion during the spacecraft crossing. However, in some cases, MCs
present a significant expansion. We present here an analysis of the huge and
significantly expanding MC observed by the Wind spacecraft during 9 and 10
November, 2004. After determining an approximated orientation for the flux rope
using the minimum variance method, we precise the orientation of the cloud axis
relating its front and rear magnetic discontinuities using a direct method.
This method takes into account the conservation of the azimuthal magnetic flux
between the in- and out-bound branches, and is valid for a finite impact
parameter (i.e., not necessarily a small distance between the spacecraft
trajectory and the cloud axis). Moreover, using the direct method, we find that
the ICME is formed by a flux rope (MC) followed by an extended coherent
magnetic region. These observations are interpreted considering the existence
of a previous larger flux rope, which partially reconnected with its
environment in the front. These findings imply that the ejected flux rope is
progressively peeled by reconnection and transformed to the observed ICME (with
a remnant flux rope in the front part).Comment: Solar Physics (in press
Particle Dark Matter Constraints from the Draco Dwarf Galaxy
It is widely thought that neutralinos, the lightest supersymmetric particles,
could comprise most of the dark matter. If so, then dark halos will emit radio
and gamma ray signals initiated by neutralino annihilation. A particularly
promising place to look for these indicators is at the center of the local
group dwarf spheroidal galaxy Draco, and recent measurements of the motion of
its stars have revealed it to be an even better target for dark matter
detection than previously thought. We compute limits on WIMP properties for
various models of Draco's dark matter halo. We find that if the halo is nearly
isothermal, as the new measurements indicate, then current gamma ray flux
limits prohibit much of the neutralino parameter space. If Draco has a moderate
magnetic field, then current radio limits can rule out more of it. These
results are appreciably stronger than other current constraints, and so
acquiring more detailed data on Draco's density profile becomes one of the most
promising avenues for identifying dark matter.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Scaling Laws and Effective Dimension in Lattice SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory with a Compactified Extra Dimension
Monte Carlo simulations are performed in a five-dimensional lattice SU(2)
Yang-Mills theory with a compactified extra dimension, and scaling laws are
studied. Our simulations indicate that as the compactification radius
decreases, the confining phase spreads more and more to the weak coupling
regime, and the effective dimension of the theory changes gradually from five
to four. Our simulations also indicate that the limit with
kept fixed exists both in the confining and deconfining phases if is
small enough, where is the lattice spacing in the four-dimensional
direction. We argue that the color degrees of freedom in QCD are confined only
for , where a rough estimate shows that lies
in the TeV range. Comments on deconstructing extra dimensions are given.Comment: 15 pages, TeX, 5 figure
Microwave Surface Impedance of YBCO:123 crystals: Experiment and comparison to a d-wave model
We present measurements of the microwave surface resistance Rs and the
penetration depth lambda of YBCO:123 crystals. At low T obeys lambda(T) a
polynomial behavior, while Rs displays a characteristic non-monotonic
T-dependence.
A detailed comparison of the experimental data is made to a model of d-wave
superconductivity which includes both elastic and inelastic scattering. While
the model reproduces the general features of the experimental data, three
aspects of the parameters needed are worth noting. The elastic scattering rate
required to fit the data is much smaller than measured from the normal state,
the scattering phase shifts have to be close to pi/2 and a strong coupling
value of the gap parameter 2\Delta(0)/kTc = 6 is needed. On the experimental
side the uncertainties regarding the material parameters lambda(0) and
Rs,res(0) further complicate a quantitative comparison.
For one sample does Rs,res(0) agree with the intrinsic value which results
from the d-wave model.Comment: uuencoded tar.Z, 11 pages with 5 figures, used style files: elsart
and graphicx, PS-file available at http://sagar.cas.neu.edu/preprints.htm
Black Holes from Cosmic Rays: Probes of Extra Dimensions and New Limits on TeV-Scale Gravity
If extra spacetime dimensions and low-scale gravity exist, black holes will
be produced in observable collisions of elementary particles. For the next
several years, ultra-high energy cosmic rays provide the most promising window
on this phenomenon. In particular, cosmic neutrinos can produce black holes
deep in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to quasi-horizontal giant air showers.
We determine the sensitivity of cosmic ray detectors to black hole production
and compare the results to other probes of extra dimensions. With n \ge 4 extra
dimensions, current bounds on deeply penetrating showers from AGASA already
provide the most stringent bound on low-scale gravity, requiring a fundamental
Planck scale M_D > 1.3 - 1.8 TeV. The Auger Observatory will probe M_D as large
as 4 TeV and may observe on the order of a hundred black holes in 5 years. We
also consider the implications of angular momentum and possible exponentially
suppressed parton cross sections; including these effects, large black hole
rates are still possible. Finally, we demonstrate that even if only a few black
hole events are observed, a standard model interpretation may be excluded by
comparison with Earth-skimming neutrino rates.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures; v2: discussion of gravitational infall, AGASA
and Fly's Eye comparison added; v3: Earth-skimming results modified and
strengthened, published versio
Average Thickness of Magnetosheath Upstream of Magnetic Clouds at 1 AU versus Solar Longitude of Source
Single Top Production as a Window to Physics Beyond the Standard Model
Production of single top quarks at a high energy hadron collider is studied
as a means to identify physics beyond the standard model related to the
electroweak symmetry breaking. The sensitivity of the -channel mode,
the -channel -gluon fusion mode, and the \tw mode to various possible
forms of new physics is assessed, and it is found that the three modes are
sensitive to different forms of new physics, indicating that they provide
complimentary information about the properties of the top quark. Polarization
observables are also considered, and found to provide potentially useful
information about the structure of the interactions of top.Comment: References added and minor discussion improvements; results
unchanged; Version to be published in PR
On the selection of AGN neutrino source candidates for a source stacking analysis with neutrino telescopes
The sensitivity of a search for sources of TeV neutrinos can be improved by
grouping potential sources together into generic classes in a procedure that is
known as source stacking. In this paper, we define catalogs of Active Galactic
Nuclei (AGN) and use them to perform a source stacking analysis. The grouping
of AGN into classes is done in two steps: first, AGN classes are defined, then,
sources to be stacked are selected assuming that a potential neutrino flux is
linearly correlated with the photon luminosity in a certain energy band (radio,
IR, optical, keV, GeV, TeV). Lacking any secure detailed knowledge on neutrino
production in AGN, this correlation is motivated by hadronic AGN models, as
briefly reviewed in this paper.
The source stacking search for neutrinos from generic AGN classes is
illustrated using the data collected by the AMANDA-II high energy neutrino
detector during the year 2000. No significant excess for any of the suggested
groups was found.Comment: 43 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Astroparticle Physic
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