Isolation and Identification of Pigments from Marine Actinomycetes, Along with Their Potential Applications

Natural dyes produced by marine microorganisms particularly actinomycetes—have gained significance as a source of active chemicals and pharmaceuticals with potential for medicinal purposes in recent years. This significant finding served as the foundation for the investigation, which aimed to determine the cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of a methanolic pigment extract obtained from the marine actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04. Based on the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), both extracts showed substantial toxicity activity. The actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04 pigment crude extracts had lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values of 92.64µg/mL and 134.21 mg/mL, respectively, according to the data. When those extracts were evaluated for antibacterial efficacy against a variety of microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli showed the best inhibition rates. Additionally, we used 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals to measure the antioxidant activity. The findings demonstrated that the actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04 pigment crude extracts had inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of 228.08 µg/mL and 346.3 µg/mL, respectively. We identified the chemical components of actinomycete pigment crude extracts using GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the most prevalent chemicals were 5-Methoxypyrrolidin-2-one (30.23%) for VES 04, 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, and 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (CAS) (44.65%) for VES 01 and VES 04. This work showed the antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicological properties of two pigment crude extracts obtained from actinimycetes actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04. In terms of antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 8739, actnomycete VES 04 pigment crude extract was the most effective, whereas actnomycete VES 01 pigment crude extract revealed the highest level of antioxidant activity

Status of child well-being among rural families in Manmunai South West DS division of Batticaloa District: impact of an agricultural livelihood project

Sustainable livelihood development projects are a vital modern method in fighting against poverty and reducing unemployment. An agricultural livelihood project had been implemented by the World Vision Lanka, a non-governmental organization in Manmunai South West Divisional Secretariat Division of Batticaloa District during the period 2010 – 2015. The project was channeled through four activities; family development, goat rearing, cattle rearing and poultry development in all Grama Niladhari divisions. The present study was implemented with the objective to identify the extent to which the implemented agricultural livelihood project changes the child well-being status among the people. Questionnaires were administered to 100 randomly selected project beneficiaries through personal interview in five GN Divisions. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS. The results reveal that majority of the beneficiaries have succeeded in their income generating activities. Significant satisfaction reported for goat and cattle rearing. Child well-being indicators changed positively in comparison with the status before the implementation of the project. Further, beneficiaries are satisfied about the wellbeing of their children. The said income generating activities need to be intensified to sustain the present status. Therefore, relevant authorities should take needed actions to intensify the income generating activities of the rural populace in the area

The Scientific Society and the Spiritual Society in the Novel ‘Iraiyuthir Kaadu’

People's lives are intended to various changes in today's society.  Novel literature is required in particular to record those changes because novel and society are intertwined.  Indira Soundarrajan's ‘Irayuthir Kaadu’ is a testament to the social history novel which is a mix of historical and contemporary events.  The research area of this article is the scientific society and the spiritual society of the above-mentioned novel.  The Sociological Approach has been adopted for this research to analyze the dependency of people on technological gadgets and the state of spirituality in today’s society

CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR FOR CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA - A REVIEW

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cancer is a deadly one which affects the bone marrow from making it to produce more amounts of white blood cells in the humans. This disease can be treated either by radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. In radiation therapy, the ionizing radiation is used toward the tumor cells, but the main drawback is the radiation may affect the normal cells as well. To overcome this drawback, immunotherapy chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is used. These CAR cells will target only the antigen of the tumor cells and not damage the normal cells in the body. In this therapy, the T-cells are taken either from the patients or a healthy donor and are engineered to express the CARs which are called as CAR-T-cells. When these CAR-T-cells come in contact with the antigen present on the surface of the tumor cells, they will get activated and become toxic to the tumor cells. This new class of therapy is having a great prospect in cancer immunotherapy

Quantifying the Effect of Seasonal Variations on the Latent Fingerprint Residues Through Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Perspiration fluctuates with the season. Body mass, humidity, temperature, and other factors affect perspiration. Due to higher temperatures, warmer seasons produce more perspiration in the individuals which is the opposite with colder seasons. Seasonal perspiration regulates body temperature in different climates. Due to seasonal and environmental factors, fingerprint residues are subject to variations. Photoluminescence and UV-VIS spectroscopy were used to evaluate fingerprint residues and their response with respect to seasonal variations. To test the hypothesis, 1600 latent fingerprint residues were collected under various conditions spanning the summer and winter seasons cycle for a year. The collected samples were subjected to ultraviolet (UV) light from 200nm to 1600nm to examine their absorption spectra. Further, their fluorescence intensities were measured using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The research's positive outcomes demonstrate that photoluminescence spectroscopy may accurately detect seasonal resonances on latent fingerprint residues, which can be termed seasonal markers

The knowns and unknowns of cardiac autoimmunity in viral myocarditis

Myocarditis can result from various infectious and non‐infectious causes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Among the infectious causes, viruses are commonly suspected. But the challenge is our inability to demonstrate infectious viral particles during clinical presentations, partly because by that point, the viruses would have damaged the tissues and be cleared by the immune system. Therefore, viral signatures such as viral nucleic acids and virus-reactive antibodies may be the only readouts pointing to viruses as potential primary triggers of DCM. Thus, it becomes hard to explain persistent inflammatory infiltrates that might occur in individuals affected with chronic myocarditis/DCM manifesting myocardial dysfunctions. In these circumstances, autoimmunity is suspected, and antibodies to various autoantigens have been demonstrated, suggesting that immune therapies to suppress the autoimmune responses may be necessary. From this perspective, we endeavoured to determine whether or not the known viral causes are associated with development of autoimmune responses to cardiac antigens that include both cardiotropic and non‐cardiotropic viruses. If so, what their nature and significance are in developing chronic myocarditis resulting from viruses as primary triggers

Bharathi and Parakalar Announcing Separation Unendurable

Some devotional literatures appeared by portraying the Lord as the superior male and the soul as a woman to make people to realize the philosophy of surrender.  Bharati, who realized the aspiration of woman, and Thirumangaiyalwar (Parakalar), who realized the superiority of the Lord, created verses by assuming themselves as the heroine to express their devotion to Thirumal. The expression of love is manifested only in Separation unendurable.  The purpose of this study is to compare the part of Kannan Pattu, ‘Kannan – En Kaadhalan’ composed by Bharathiar with the Thirumadals ‘Siriya Thirumadal’ and ‘Periya Thirumadal’ composed by Thirumangaiyalwar to reveal the inseparable sorrows caused to both of them by the separation of Kannan.  The Descriptive Approach has been adopted for this research to express the sorrows of the departed heroines, the psychological approach to explore how the heroines’ love is felt, and the comparative approach to compare the two's feelings of separation

Photoluminescence Spectroscopy for Estimating the Age of the Latent Fingerprints: A New Potential Approach

This study examined variations in spectral absorption and emission intensity of latent fingerprints over time, employing UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. There was noticeable absorption at 296nm on the samples, and the fluorescence emission intensity showed variations.  A total of 1600 samples from various categories were analyzed to validate this hypothesis. The emission intensity observed under photoluminescence spectroscopy varied over time, showing greater intensities in controlled female and male samples compared to the uncontrolled samples that were exposed to environmental conditions. The emission intensity of the controlled female (CF) sample was the highest at 6341168 CPS, followed by the controlled male (CM) sample at 1270240 CPS. On the other hand, the uncontrolled female (UF) sample exhibited an emission intensity of 5431940 CPS, while the uncontrolled male (UM) sample had an intensity of 100764 CPS.  This emission intensity variation proved to be an efficient age profiling marker for the latent fingerprints

The Role of Lexical Morphology, In Light of Recent Developments.

In recent years there has been a growing interest in psycholinguistic approaches to modelling morphology. Theorists working within this framework claim that the formal theory of lexical stratification is untenable in light of recent discoveries. In order to address these claims, this paper engages closely with a number of lexical stratification models, with a particular focus on Giegerich’s base-driven stratal model, as well as a number of cognitive based approaches. A critical discussion of some “problematic” circumstances — which arise as a result of derivational suffixation as well as compounding — that have identified in the psycholinguistic and lexicalist literature reveals some interesting similarities between the stratal model and the cognitive approaches. To investigate these apparent similarities, this paper examines a number of theories that model the way words are accessed from the mental lexicon, and their applicability to the stratal model. Finally, key data from a number of neuro-imaging studies is brought to bear upon the stratal model. Engaging closely with this data, it became clear that the neuro-linguistic findings are not incompatible with the features of stratal models. By exploiting this data, some ideas regarding a potential synthesis between the two theoretical frameworks are tentatively put forward, and some key issues are highlighted as possible areas of interest for future research