Samtida Systembyten Globalt inom Biltillverkningsindustrin

Ett sätt att betrakta en organisation är att den ständigt är under förändring och utveckling. Sådana förändringar kan vara av mindre eller större strategisk betydelse som t.ex. systembyten. Oavsett om systembytet är datoriserat eller ej leder det till en förändring av det organisatoriska systemet i verksamheten. Utvecklingsprocessen för system är en företeelse som ständigt pågår. Den korsar ofta organisatoriska gränser. Strategiska val utförs under hela processen. Problem och fallgropar är av skiftande slag. De utgörs av t.ex. kulturkrockar, legal påverkan, otillfredsställda användare, monetära intressen o.s.v. Vi kallar fenomenet systembytande organisationer. Definitionen av systembyte blir att gå från något befintligt till något nytt. Genom att delta i en samtida systemutvecklingsprocess tog vi reda på hur denna såg ut i en global organisation. Metoder som användes var litteraturstudier, enkäter, intervjuer och inläsning av dokumenterat systemutvecklingsunderlag. Resultatet visade att det stundtals är idealiserade beskrivningar av systemutvecklingsprocessen som beskrivs i litteraturen. I verkligheten användes inte metoder i tänkt utsträckning. Utvecklingen styrdes istället av ekonomiska och tidkritiska intressen

Increase in stress contributes to impaired jaw function in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : a two-year prospective study

BackgroundStress in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) has been found to be associated with orofacial pain, psychological distress, jaw dysfunction and loss of daily activities in a cross-sectional study. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between stress and change of stress over time versus changes in orofacial pain, psychosocial factors and jaw function over a two-year period in patients with JIA.MethodsThis is a two-year prospective follow-up study involving 40 JIA patients. At baseline (2015) the median age was 12 years and at two-year follow up (2018) 14 years. The JIA patients were examined clinically and with questionnaires at baseline and follow-up with the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) and completed the same set of DC/TMD questionnaires regarding orofacial pain symptoms and psychosocial factors.ResultsChange in stress was associated with change in catastrophizing, psychological distress as well as limitation in general function and jaw function.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a low stress level in patients with JIA since an increase in stress level over a two-year period seems to impair jaw function as well as psychological distress and catastrophizing

Orofacial pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is associated with stress as well as psychosocial and functional limitations

Background The aim of this study was to investigate relations between psychosocial factors, signs and symptoms of orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Forty-five patients with JIA (median age 12 years) and 16 healthy matched controls (median age 13 years) were examined according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The subjects answered the DC/TMD questionnaires regarding psychosocial factors (pain intensity, pain–related disability, depression, stress, catastrophizing, pain locations and jaw function). Results JIA patients with orofacial pain had higher degree of stress, depression, catastrophizing and jaw dysfunction compared to subjects without. In turn, these factors were associated with orofacial pain intensity. Also, patients with orofacial pain had higher systemic inflammatory activity. Conclusions Orofacial pain in patients with JIA is associated with stress, psychological distress, jaw dysfunction and loss of daily living activities. Pain intensity seems to be the major pain aspect related to these factors. In addition, systemic inflammatory activity appears to be an important factor contributing to orofacial pain in JIA.Funding Agencies|Research Council in Southeast Sweden; Public dental health Scientific Funds in Ostergotland; County (Ostergotland County Council) Sweden; Swedish Dental-Societys Scientific Funds; American Dental Society of Sweden; Malmo University</p

The cytidine deaminase signature HxE(x)(n)CxxC of DYW1 binds zinc and is necessary for RNA editing of ndhD-1

In flowering plants, RNA editing involves deamination of specific cytidines to uridines in both mitochondrial and chloroplast transcripts. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins and multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) proteins have been shown to be involved in RNA editing but none have been shown to possess cytidine deaminase activity. The DYW domain of some PPR proteins contains a highly conserved signature resembling the zinc-binding active site motif of known nucleotide deaminases. We modified these highly conserved amino acids in the DYW motif of DYW1, an editing factor required for editing of the ndhD-1 site in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. We demonstrate that several amino acids of this signature motif are required for RNA editing in vivo and for zinc binding in vitro. We conclude that the DYW domain of DYW1 has features in common with cytidine deaminases, reinforcing the hypothesis that this domain forms part of the active enzyme that carries out RNA editing in plants

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the temporomandibular joint : a case-control study of magnetic resonance imaging findings in relation to clinical and psychosocial factors.

AIM: In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a particularly challenging joint to assess both clinically and with imaging. The aim of this article is to investigate TMJ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in relation to clinical and psychosocial factors in patients with JIA and healthy individuals related to TMJ arthritis in JIA. MATERIALS: In total, 45 patients (6-16 years) with JIA and 16 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were examined according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The subjects answered questionnaires about psychosocial factors (pain intensity, pain-related disability, depression, stress, catastrophising, pain locations, and jaw function) and underwent bilateral MRI of the TMJ. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between JIA patients and healthy individuals in any of the TMJ MRI findings. Moderate/severe changes among JIA patients were found only for effusion, synovial thickening, condylar flattening, and erosion, with no moderate/severe changes in healthy individuals. In JIA patients, orofacial pain intensity was related to TMJ bone marrow oedema, and pain in jaw muscles during jaw function was related to TMJ bone marrow oedema and erosion. There were no significant correlations between psychosocial aspects and MRI findings. CONCLUSION: This study indicates a substantial overlap of TMJ MRI findings in both the inflammatory domain and the damage domain between JIA patients and healthy individuals. In JIA patients, the inflammatory MRI sign of bone marrow oedema seems to influence orofacial pain intensity