Effect of 2-Substitution on the Rearrangement of 1-Cyclopropylvinyl Cations

2-Substitution in 1-cyclopropylvinyl cations produces a steric effect on cation generation and solvent trapping, but an electronic charge-stabilizing effect on cyclopropyl-to-cyclobutyl rearrangement

Epidemic Typhus Puerperarum

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Student Publications’ Place in the Agricultural Communication Curricula

Many agricultural communication or journalism programs offer publication production opportunities as a way for students to use their writing, editing, design, and photography skills. This study evaluated the curriculum and make-up of student publications produced through these agricultural communication or journalism programs. The study also described the role advisers have in handling editorial, ethical, and legal issues. Data were collected through a questionnaire sent to members of the Academic Programs Special Interest Group in the Association for Communication Excellence. Fifteen programs identified offering a student-produced publication. The majority of these publications (n = 8) were offered as a course in an agricultural communication or journalism program, while five programs developed their publications as an extracurricular activity. Once the publication was produced, only three of the publications were reviewed and critiqued by industry professionals. While no advisers were concerned with obscenity issues, eight were concerned with a code of ethics, five were concerned with censorship, and four were concerned with libel issues. Recommendations are made for agricultural communication or journalism faculty

Creation of mutant corticosteroid binding globulin: One step closer to a diagnostic device

Abstract only availableMuch is known about how traditional and alternative medicines interact separately. However, there is very little knowledge of how the usage of alternative medicine affects the metabolism of traditional medicines when they are used together. This is especially important because of the amount of people who take alternative medicine in addition to antiretroviral drugs. The practice of using traditional and alternative medicines may induce cytochrome p450 enzymes, which metabolize traditional medicines used to treat HIV and AIDS. Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the body at a fairly constant rate. It is metabolized to 6OH-cortisol through the P450 enzyme pathway. As such, the ratio of hydroxycortisol to cortisol is an indirect indicator of the P450 enzyme activity. The ultimate goal of this project is to create a simple diagnostic device that will aid in assessing whether the usage of traditional medicine in combination with alternative medicine induces CYP3A4, to dangerous levels. The diagnostic device will detect the levels of 6OH-cortisol with a mutant version of the protein corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), that preferentially binds to the 6OH-cortisol complex. The first step in this process was to create the mutant version of CBG. The mutation was found to have the closest binding pocket with a change in the asparagine 17 site to a valine, modeled by several computer programs. PCR was then performed with primers that contained the mutation and the wild type CBG, thus creating the CBG containing the mutation. A fluorescence assay is to be performed to determine how well the mutant CBG actually binds to the 6OH-cortisol. The results of the assay are in progress.Missouri Academy at Northwest Missouri State Universit

RP979-56 Long-Term Installment Land Contracts

The installment land contract is both an instrument of transfer and a method of financing sales of land. If properly drawn, it can have a number of advantages for both the buyer and seller. Both parties should contact their attorneys to be sure that the terms of the contract are clearly stated and understood. This research publication discusses how long-term installment land contracts are used in the agricultural community

Cold War Legacy of Science Cooperation Offers Hope Today

Although current political tensions hinder international studies in the Arctic, science partnerships helped tunnel through barriers during the Cold War. One of the most successful models of U.S.-Russian collaboration was the "Environmental Bilateral" agreement of 1972. During an era of political tension, it brought together a multidisciplinary group of top professionals and early carrier scientists in both countries. Acting through science diplomacy, this group communicated sound scientific messages about global climate change to top level policymakers well before the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change came into existence. Similar models today can help the U.S. and Russia remove obstacles for scientific collaboration and implement the 2017 Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation signed by both countries

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication and seizures

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of seizures, but there is uncertainty about whether ADHD medication treatment increases risk among patients with and without preexisting seizures. METHODS: We followed a sample of 801,838 patients with ADHD who had prescribed drug claims from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters databases to examine whether ADHD medication increases the likelihood of seizures among ADHD patients with and without a history of seizures. First, we assessed overall risk of seizures among patients with ADHD. Second, within-individual concurrent analyses assessed odds of seizure events during months when a patient with ADHD received ADHD medication compared with when the same individual did not, while adjusting for antiepileptic medications. Third, within-individual long-term analyses examined odds of seizure events in relation to the duration of months over the previous 2 years patients received medication. RESULTS: Patients with ADHD were at higher odds for any seizure compared with non-ADHD controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.24-2.42 males; OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 2.22-2.42 females). In adjusted within-individual comparisons, ADHD medication was associated with lower odds of seizures among patients with (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.60-0.85) and without (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.62-0.82) prior seizures. Long-term within-individual comparisons suggested no evidence of an association between medication use and seizures among individuals with (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.59-1.30) and without (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.80-1.28) a seizure history. CONCLUSIONS: Results reaffirm that patients with ADHD are at higher risk of seizures. However, ADHD medication was associated with lower risk of seizures within individuals while they were dispensed medication, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that ADHD medication increases risk of seizures