What we talk about when we talk about "global mindset": managerial cognition in multinational corporations

Recent developments in the global economy and in multinational corporations have placed significant emphasis on the cognitive orientations of managers, giving rise to a number of concepts such as “global mindset” that are presumed to be associated with the effective management of multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper reviews the literature on global mindset and clarifies some of the conceptual confusion surrounding the construct. We identify common themes across writers, suggesting that the majority of studies fall into one of three research perspectives: cultural, strategic, and multidimensional. We also identify two constructs from the social sciences that underlie the perspectives found in the literature: cosmopolitanism and cognitive complexity and use these two constructs to develop an integrative theoretical framework of global mindset. We then provide a critical assessment of the field of global mindset and suggest directions for future theoretical and empirical research

Regioisomeric and substituent effects upon the outcome of the reaction of 1-borodienes with nitrosoarene compounds

A study of the reactivity of 1-borodienes with nitrosoarene compounds has been carried out showing an outcome that differs according to the hybridization state of the boron moiety. Using an sp2 boron substituent, a one-pot hetero-Diels–Alder/ring contraction cascade occurred to afford N-arylpyrroles with low to good yields depending on the electronic properties of the substituents on the borodiene, whereas an sp3 boron substituent led to the formation of stable boro-oxazines with high regioselectivity in most of the cases, in moderate to good yields. 1H and 11B NMR studies on two boro-oxazine regioisomers showed that selective deprotection can be performed. Formation of either the pyrrole or the furan derivative is pH- and regioisomer-structure-dependent. The results obtained, together with previous B3LYP calculations, support mechanistic proposals which suggest that pyrrole, or furan, formation proceeds via oxazine formation, followed by a boryl rearrangement and an intramolecular addition–elimination sequence

Study and biological role of the aqueous chemistry of titanium(IV) in the presence of the physiologically relevant citric acid. Synthetic, structural and spectroscopic characterization

The wide use of titanium in applied materials ranging from surgical orthopedic prosthetics to various industrial alloys has prompted pertinent studies targeting the synthesis, spectroscopic, and structural characterization of species of Ti(IV) with the physiologically relevant citric acid. Furthermore, titanium has been increasingly involved in materials affecting the quality of life in humans, which prompted pertinent studies targeting the requisite chemistry of that metal's biological interactions. In order to understand such interactions as well as the requisite titanium aqueous speciation, we launched investigations on the synthesis and spectroscopic and structural characterization of Ti(IV) species with the physiological citric acid. Our investigations focused on two major areas of interest, peroxo and non peroxo species of titanium(IV) with citric acid. Aqueous reactions of TiCl4 with citric acid in the presence of H2O2 and different counter ions afforded expediently the red crystalline material: (NH4)4[Ti2(O2)2(C6H4O7)]2 2H2O (1), [NH]4[6Ti4(O2)4(C6H4O7)2(C6H5O)7)2].6H2O.H2O2 (2) και Κ[6Ti(4O2)2(C6H4O7)2(C6H5O7)2] . 7H2O . KOH (3). On the other hand, aqueous reactions of TiCl 4with citric acid in the absence of H2O2, using different counter ions afforded expediently the following crystalline material: Na[6Ti(C6H5O7)2(C6H4O7)] . 16H2O (4), Na3(NH4)3[Ti(C6H5O7)2(C6H4O7)] . 9H2O (5), (C14H13N2)2[Ti(C6H6O7)]3 . 5H2O (6), Ti(C6H5O7)(2C6H6O7) K7. 10 H2O (7), [Ti(H4citr)3]Cl4·2H2O·EtOH (8). Another crystalline material (NH4)4[Ti(quinic)3](OH)2·6H2O (9), was the result of the similar chemistry of titanium(IV) with quinic acid (also an α-hydroxy acid). The complexes were further characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, FT- and laser-Raman, NMR (Solid State and Solution), cyclic voltammetry and finally by X-ray crystallography. Such information is vital in trying to delineate the interactions of soluble and bioavailable Ti(IV) forms promoting biological interactions in humans. To this end, chemical properties, structural attributes and speciation links to potential ensuing biological effects are dwelled on