Atmospheric effects on infrared multispectral sensing of sea-surface temperature from space

Atmospheric effects on infrared multispectral sensing of sea-surface temperature from spac

Estimating acreage by double sampling using LANDSAT data

Double sampling techniques employing LANDSAT data for estimating the acreage of corn and soybeans was investigated and evaluated. The evaluation was based on estimated costs and correlations between two existing procedures having differing cost/variance characteristics, and included consideration of their individual merits when coupled with a fictional 'perfect' procedure of zero bias and variance. Two features of the analysis are: (1) the simultaneous estimation of two or more crops; and (2) the imposition of linear cost constraints among two or more types of resource. A reasonably realistic operational scenario was postulated. The costs were estimated from current experience with the measurement procedures involved, and the correlations were estimated from a set of 39 LACIE-type sample segments located in the U.S. Corn Belt. For a fixed variance of the estimate, double sampling with the two existing LANDSAT measurement procedures can result in a 25% or 50% cost reduction. Double sampling which included the fictional perfect procedure results in a more cost effective combination when it is used with the lower cost/higher variance representative of the existing procedures

Reassessing Survival, Movement, Resource Selection, and SIghtability of Pronghorn in Western South Dakota

Limited information exists on the survival, movements, resource selection, and densities of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) inhabiting sagebrush-steppe regions within the Dakotas. Primary objectives of this study were to develop a sightability model for aerial surveying and to document survival rates and movement patterns for pronghorn in western South Dakota. Secondary objectives were to estimate seasonal home ranges, daily movements, determine cause-specific mortality, and evaluate summer and winter resource use and selection. Additionally, we evaluated exposure of pronghorn to novel diseases including Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD), West Nile Virus (WNV), Blue Tongue Virus (BTV), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Neospora, and Parainfluenze-3 (PI-3). From February 2015 to December 2016, we monitored 69 adult, 34 yearling, and 92 fawn pronghorn within and surrounding Butte County, South Dakota. Overall survival rates for adults and yearlings were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79 – 0.93) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.59 – 0.90), respectively. Mean survival rate for fawns pooled across years was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.56 – 0.75) with predation (n = 15) as the leading cause of mortality. In comparison, predation accounted for 2 adult and 5 yearling mortalities overall. In 2015, we collected blood samples and extracted serum from 50 (40 adult, 10 yearling) pronghorn. Disease exposure was variable and ranged from 5% for BTV and BVDV to 67.5% for WNV; EHD (60%), PI-3 (40%), and Neospora (10%) were intermediate relative to exposure. We calculated 124 home ranges and documented 19 seasonal movements from 67 adult female pronghorn using 5,297 locations. Likewise, 30 home ranges and 17 seasonal movements were documented from 33 yearling pronghorn using 1,578 locations. We classified 4 individuals as conditional migrators and the majority of adult females (≥86.1%) as non-migratory. Over the course of 4 seasonal periods (i.e., spring 2015, fall 2015, spring 2016, fall 2016), mean distance traveled for dispersing adult female pronghorn between summer and winter areas ranged from 11.9 km (SE = 1.3) to 14.8 km (SE = 3.8). Twelve of 40 fawns captured in spring 2015 were monitored through their second summer as yearlings. We classified 7 of 12 individuals (58%) as dispersers from natal home ranges. Mean distance traveled for dispersing yearlings over 3 seasonal periods ranged from 12.9 km (SE = 1.4) to 15.4 km (SE = 2.0). Mean 95% winter and summer home ranges for adults were 73.7 km² and 30.3 km², respectively. In comparison, yearling 95% winter and summer home ranges were 75.9 km² and 53.7 km², respectively. Daily distance traveled by adult female pronghorn differed (P \u3c 0.00001) between summer (May-October) and winter (November-April). However, we observed higher daily distances traveled by yearling pronghorn during April – June when some individuals wander during establishment of permanent home ranges. Highways seemed to be a significant barrier in impeding pronghorn movement across our study area with 42% of study individuals within 1 km of a highway and only 4 documented crossing occasions. We used Design III analyses to evaluate resource selection from 4,786 visual observations collected via radio-telemetry. Our study area was classified as native rangeland, alfalfa/hay, winter wheat/small grains, and harvested/idle encompassing minimum convex polygons for 35, 40, and 49 adult female pronghorn during summer 2015, winter 2015-16, and summer 2016 seasons, respectively. Adult female pronghorn did not use habitat in proportion to its availability during all seasons examined (P \u3c 0.001). Analyses demonstrated that in 2015 and 2016 pronghorn selected for alfalfa/hay (2015: ŵ = 3.688, CI = 1.450 – 5.925; 2016: ŵ = 1.417, CI = 1.178 – 1.655) and harvested/idle fields (2015: ŵ = 6.000, CI = 6.000 – 6.000; 2015: ŵ = 6.375, CI = 6.375 – 6.375) during summers. During winter 2015-16, pronghorn selected for winter wheat fields (ŵ = 6.077, CI = 4.793 – 7.361). Selection of alfalfa/hay and winter wheats fields was evident in pronghorn groups found in the southern regions of our study area. Furthermore, we observed pronghorn selecting positively for water source

Procedure B: A multisegment training selection and proportion estimation procedure for processing LANDSAT agricultural data

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

La ruptura de la percepción visual en el arte pictórico: R. Magritte.

La principal función de este artículo es analizar y comprender la obra plástica de Magrite dentro del contexto de la pintura surrealista. Para cumplir este objetivo, el autor relata la biografia del artista además de analizar algunas de sus obras más significativas, justificando ciertos hechos de su vida como las causas de su talante trasgresor lo que le llevaron a convertirle en lo que el autor define como un «surrealista sin dogma».The main function of this article is to analyze and to understand the plastic work of Magrite inside the context of the surrealist painting. To complete this objective, the author relates the artist's biography besides analyzing some of his more significaní works,justifying certain facts of bis file Iike the causes of bis rebellious mood that took him to transform him into what the autor defines as a surrealist without dogma

Dissolution of Chromium from Inhalable Primer Paint Particles into a Simulated Lung Fluid

The use of chromate as a corrosion inhibitor in primer paint is an essential component for the protection of aluminum-skinned aircraft and the primary source of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) exposure to USAF aircraft painters. The objective of this research was to quantify the dissolution of chromate from freshly sprayed paint particles into a simulated lung fluid (SLF). Two primer paints were sprayed with a paint spray gun to generate overspray particles for collection into impingers filled with SLF. Particles were allowed to soak in SLF for 24 and 48 hours and then the particles were removed by centrifugation. The remaining Cr (VI) dissolved in the SLF was then compared to the initial Cr (VI) concentration with particles. The results indicate that the dissolution of Cr (VI) into SLF is hindered by the paint. Also, the results indicate that the amount of Cr (VI) dissolved into SLF from the paint particles is not significantly different between the two paints tested or between the 24- and 48-hour resident times. This study suggests that Cr (VI) in paint particles is less bioavailable than Cr (VI) in other articles such as dust or mist

A Comparative Analysis of Roman Palester\u27s Concertino Pour Saxophone Alto Et Orchestre A Cordes

The music of Roman Palester (1907-1989) is little known outside his native Poland. Before World War II, he experienced a great deal of musical success, with many of his compositions being performed at prestigious music festivals throughout Europe. Palester completed his one solo work for the saxophone, the Concertino pour Saxophone Alto et Orchestre a Cordes, in 1938, but its scheduled premiere in 1939 never took place due to political tensions on the eve of World War II. In 1978, Palester revised the work for saxophonist David Pituch, who premiered and recorded this version. A comparison of the original and revised versions has never been attempted until now. This dissertation shall examine and discuss the scope of the revisions and how they affected the 1938 version of the work. It will become clear from this dissertation that i • the basic musical elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and form are used very differently in the 1978 Version than in its predecessor, as Palester\u27s neoclassic compositional style evolved into a highly chromatic musical language towards the end of his life. I shall also provide a brief biographical sketch of Palester and discuss the history and background of the work\u27s origins. Scores of both versions and the translations of correspondence between Palester and the original work\u27s dedicatee, Sigurd Rascher, will appear as appendixes

Understanding How Agricultural Intensification Impacts Ring-Necked Pheasant Distribution and Survival in Eastern South Dakota

Historically, pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) have thrived in South Dakota in conjunction with successful land retirement programs or early farming practices through the 1950s, which created interspersions of agriculture and native landscapes that were ideal for pheasants. Recently, the Prairie Pothole ecosystem has undergone rapid agroeconomic expansion, effectively reducing ideal interspersions of native prairie and cropland into agriculturally homogeneous landscapes. Indices of pheasant abundance have suggested persistent population declines since 2008, raising concerns regarding landscape suitability. Our goal was to understand how agriculture intensification impacts pheasant ecology. The objectives were to: 1) estimate overwinter hen probability of survival, resource selection, and mortality risks associated with landscape features; 2) determine pheasant abundance as a function of remotely derived landscape composition and vegetative phenology; and 3) implement low-cost Arduino GPS trackers into our ring-necked pheasant study to improve fine-scale data collection. To accomplish these goals, we captured, collared, and tracked 100 female pheasants annually from December through March in each of three years (2016–2019). Overall, we captured 321 females and recorded 110 mortalities. We implemented low-cost GPS trackers on 35 individuals, resulting in 407 VHF locations and 1,574 GPS locations. This was a 287% increase in data density at only 23% increase in cost. We modeled weekly probability of survival and Cox proportional-hazard cause-specific mortality rates associated with landscape features. To understand pheasant distribution, we surveyed for and modeled pheasant abundance and distribution seasonally as a function of landscape composition and intraannual differences in vegetation phenology. Overwinter survival of pheasants (0.66) was highly influenced by snow depth. Pheasants using harvested fields experienced a 421% increase in risk of raptor predation. Additionally, pheasants using emergent wetlands experienced a 58% lower risk of weather mortality. Our distribution model demonstrated that proportion of Conservation Reserve Program grasslands, dormant wetlands, and 30- 40% row-crop agriculture within 1.6 km2 positively influenced pheasant abundance. Alternatively, pheasants were negatively associated with proportion of forests. Agricultural intensification is projected to continue reducing valuable concealment, grassland, and emergent wetland landscapes. As native perennial vegetation is critical to both pheasant abundance and winter survival, large-scale conservation efforts are critical to pheasant population viability. Innovative conservation solutions supplementing current farm bill policies may improve conservation adoption thereby improving pheasant abundance and overwinter survival

System for analysis of LANDSAT agricultural data: Automatic computer-assisted proportion estimation of local areas

The author has identified the following significant results. A conceptual man machine system framework was created for a large scale agricultural remote sensing system. The system is based on and can grow out of the local recognition mode of LACIE, through a gradual transition wherein computer support functions supplement and replace AI functions. Local proportion estimation functions are broken into two broad classes: (1) organization of the data within the sample segment; and (2) identification of the fields or groups of fields in the sample segment