B2 - B3 Investigación de las actitudes de los atletas de fútsal con deficiencia visual hacia el doping

Doping has been found to be used by some athletes in many sports. Athletes may turn to doping for the sake of winning, even though they know its harmful effects. The aim of this research is to be curious about the attitudes of disabled athletes about doping, to contribute to the literature with this research, and to examine the attitudes of visually impaired futsal athletes towards doping. A total of 50 athletes participated in the study, 27 of which were in the B2 category and 23 in the B3 visually impaired category. In this study, a relational screening model, which includes comparison and correlation type examinations between variables, was used in the analysis of data. After the normality test result showed that the distribution was normal, the independent t-Test was used to find the difference between the two groups as a statistical analysis, and the Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the age and sports age of the athletes. According to the results of the research, it was determined that there was no significant difference (p>.05) in the attitude towards doping according to the category of disability, nationality, age and sports age.El objetivo de esta investigación es tener curiosidad sobre las actitudes de los atletas discapacitados sobre el dopaje, contribuir a la literatura con esta investigación y examinar las actitudes de los atletas de fútbol sala con discapacidad visual hacia el dopaje. En el estudio participaron un total de 50 deportistas, 27 de ellos en la categoría B2 y 23 en la categoría B3 deficientes visuales. En este estudio, que tiene como objetivo revelar las actitudes de los atletas hacia el dopaje en términos de categoría de discapacidad, nacionalidad, edad de los atletas y edad deportiva, se utilizó un modelo de tamizaje relacional, que incluye exámenes de tipo comparación y correlación entre variables, en el análisis de datos. Después de que el resultado de la prueba de normalidad mostró que la distribución era normal, se usó la prueba t independiente para encontrar la diferencia entre los dos grupos como análisis estadístico, y el análisis de correlación de Pearson se usó para determinar la relación entre la edad y la edad deportiva de los atletas. De acuerdo a los resultados de la investigación, se determinó que no hubo diferencia significativa (p>.05) en la actitud hacia el dopaje según categoría de discapacidad, nacionalidad, edad y edad deportiva

The effect of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism on the development of non-dipper blood pressure

Introduction: ′Non-dippers′ are individuals without the anticipated nocturnal decrease in blood pressure. An increased incidence of target organ damage and a worse outcome in terms of cardiovascular events have been reported in this group of people. The pathogenesis of non-dipper hypertension is not clear at present. We aimed to investigate the effects of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism on the development of a non-dipper blood pressure pattern via 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Material and methods: 109 normotensive patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were evaluated, and 95 of these patients without reverse dipping and masked hypertension were included in the study. The control group consisted of 75 gender- and age-matched, normotensive, euthyroid healthy individuals. Results: Median serum TSH levels were 7.61 and 1.59 mUmL in patient and control groups, respectively. The number of non-dippers according to systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was significantly higher in the patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group. In linear regression analysis, TSH had a negative effect on the night/day ratio of the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures. Conclusion: Despite the fact that the effect of hypothyroidism on non-dipper blood pressure pattern is not known, the present study has revealed that elevated TSH levels are likely to increase the risk of non-dipping in normotensive patients with either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism. (Pol J Endocrinol 2012; 63 (2): 97–103)Wstęp: U osób określanych jako non-dippers nie występuje fizjologiczne obniżenie ciśnienia tętniczego w godzinach nocnych. Jak wynika z doniesień, w tej grupie chorych częściej dochodzi do zmian narządowych i zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych. Patogenezy nadciśnienia tętniczego typu non-dipper dotychczas nie wyjaśniono. Celem autorów było zbadanie wpływu jawnej i subklinicznej niedoczynności tarczycy na rozwój profilu dobowej zmienności ciśnienia tętniczego typu non-dipper metodą całodobowego automatycznego pomiaru ciśnienia tętniczego. Materiał i metody: Spośród 109 chorych z prawidłowym ciśnieniem i z jawną lub subkliniczną niedoczynnością tarczycy do analizy włączono 95 osób, u których nie występował nocny wzrost ciśnienia tętniczego (reverse dipping) ani utajone nadciśnienie tętnicze. Grupa kontrolna składała się z 75 zdrowych osób z prawidłowym ciśnieniem tętniczym i prawidłową czynnością tarczycy odpowiednio dobranych pod względem płci i wieku. Wyniki: Mediany stężeń TSH w surowicy w grupach badanej i kontrolnej wynosiły odpowiednio 7,61 i 1,59 mUml. Liczba osób, u których nie występował nocny spadek wartości skurczowego, rozkurczowego i średniego ciśnienia tętniczego, był istotnie wyższy w grupie chorych z niedoczynnością tarczycy niż w grupie kontrolnej. W analizie regresji liniowej wykazano istnienie odwrotnej zależności między stężeniem TSH a stosunkiem między nocnymi i dziennymi wartościami ciśnienia skurczowego, rozkurczowego i średniego ciśnienia tętniczego. Wnioski: Mimo że nie wiadomo, jaki jest mechanizm oddziaływania niedoczynności tarczycy na rozwój dobowego profilu ciśnienia tętniczego typu non-dipper, w niniejszym badaniu wykazano, że podwyższone stężenie TSH może zwiększać ryzyko wystąpienia takiego profilu ciśnienia tętniczego u osób z prawidłowym ciśnieniem tętniczym i jawną lub subkliniczną niedoczynnością tarczycy. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (2): 97–103

A MAC Mode for Lightweight Block Ciphers

status: accepte

The qualitative transparency deliberations: insights and implications

In recent years, a variety of efforts have been made in political science to enable, encourage, or require scholars to be more open and explicit about the bases of their empirical claims and, in turn, make those claims more readily evaluable by others. While qualitative scholars have long taken an interest in making their research open, reflexive, and systematic, the recent push for overarching transparency norms and requirements has provoked serious concern within qualitative research communities and raised fundamental questions about the meaning, value, costs, and intellectual relevance of transparency for qualitative inquiry. In this Perspectives Reflection, we crystallize the central findings of a three-year deliberative process—the Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD)—involving hundreds of political scientists in a broad discussion of these issues. Following an overview of the process and the key insights that emerged, we present summaries of the QTD Working Groups’ final reports. Drawing on a series of public, online conversations that unfolded at www.qualtd.net, the reports unpack transparency’s promise, practicalities, risks, and limitations in relation to different qualitative methodologies, forms of evidence, and research contexts. Taken as a whole, these reports—the full versions of which can be found in the Supplementary Materials—offer practical guidance to scholars designing and implementing qualitative research, and to editors, reviewers, and funders seeking to develop criteria of evaluation that are appropriate—as understood by relevant research communities—to the forms of inquiry being assessed. We dedicate this Reflection to the memory of our coauthor and QTD working group leader Kendra Koivu

Childhood trauma, life-time self-harm, and suicidal behaviour and ideation are associated with polygenic scores for autism

Abstract: Autistic individuals experience significantly elevated rates of childhood trauma, self-harm and suicidal behaviour and ideation (SSBI). Is this purely the result of negative environmental experiences, or does this interact with genetic predisposition? In this study we investigated if a genetic predisposition for autism is associated with childhood trauma using polygenic scores (PGS) and genetic correlations in the UK Biobank (105,222 < N < 105,638), and tested potential mediators and moderators of the association between autism, childhood trauma and SSBI. Autism PGS were significantly associated with childhood trauma (max R2 = 0.096%, P < 2 × 10−16), self-harm ideation (max R2 = 0.108%, P < 2 × 10−16), and self-harm (max R2 = 0.13%, P < 2 × 10−16). Supporting this, we identified significant genetic correlations between autism and childhood trauma (rg = 0.36 ± 0.05, P = 8.13 × 10−11), self-harm ideation (rg = 0.49 ± 0.05, P = 4.17 × 10−21) and self-harm (rg = 0.48 ± 0.05, P = 4.58 × 10−21), and an over-transmission of PGS for the two SSBI phenotypes from parents to autistic probands. Male sex negatively moderated the effect of autism PGS on childhood trauma (β = −0.023 ± 0.005, P = 6.74 × 10−5). Further, childhood trauma positively moderated the effect of autism PGS on self-harm score (β = 8.37 × 10−3 ± 2.76 × 10−3, P = 2.42 × 10−3) and self-harm ideation (β = 7.47 × 10−3 ± 2.76 × 10−3, P = 6.71 × 10−3). Finally, depressive symptoms, quality and frequency of social interactions, and educational attainment were significant mediators of the effect of autism PGS on SSBI, with the proportion of effect mediated ranging from 0.23 (95% CI: 0.09–0.32) for depression to 0.008 (95% CI: 0.004–0.01) for educational attainment. Our findings identify that a genetic predisposition for autism is associated with adverse life-time outcomes, which represent complex gene-environment interactions, and prioritizes potential mediators and moderators of this shared biology. It is important to identify sources of trauma for autistic individuals in order to reduce their occurrence and impact

Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenen Öğrencilerin Yazdıkları Öyküleyici Metinlerin Bağdaşıklık Görünümlerinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen B1 düzeyindeki öğrencilerin yazdıkları öyküleyici metinlerin bağdaşıklık açısından nasıl bir görünüm sergilediğini tespit etmektir. Araştırma durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiş, veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. B1 düzeyindeki öğrencilerin öyküleyici bir metin yazabilmek için uygun olduğu düşünülmüş, Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkçe Öğretimi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi ile Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Türkçe Öğretimi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezinden B1 yeterlilik düzeyinde olan öğrencilerden gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak seçilen 60 öğrenci çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerden başlatıcı olayın verildiği bir öyküyü tamamlayarak 550-700 sözcükten oluşan bir öykü yazmaları istenmiştir. Öğrencilerin yazdığı öyküleyici metinlerin bağdaşıklık açısından değerlendirilmesinde bağdaşıklığı sağlayan ögeler ölçüt olarak alınmış ve öğrencilerin yazdıkları metinlerde söz konusu bağdaşıklık ögelerini kullanma sıklıkları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla içerik analizi yapılmış, her bir öğrenci tarafından yazılan metin iki araştırmacı tarafından ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Öyküleyici metinlerin bağdaşıklık özelliklerini metindilbilimsel açıdan değerlendirebilmek için bağdaşıklığa ilişkin yapılan kuramsal açıklamaları temel alarak bir değerlendirme formu oluşturulmuş ve her öğrencinin yazdığı metin bağdaşıklık ögelerine yer verme niteliği bakımından değerlendirilmiştir

Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic

Zaman ve kip, Türkçenin öğretiminde iki soyut kavram olarak yer almaktadır. Birleşik çekimli yapılar ise bu iki kavramı ele alan araştırmacıların en çok ihtilafa düştüğü konulardandır. Fiil çekimlerindeki birleşik yapıların nasıl öğretildiği ve öğrencilerin buna yönelik yetkinlikleri açısından ne düşündüklerini belirlemek, zaman ve kip kavramlarını ne kadar doğru öğrendiklerini sorgulamak daha iyi bir öğretimin yapılmasına ışık tutacaktır. Bu bağlamda yapılacak araştırmanın amacı, sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin fiil çekimlerindeki birleşik yapılara ulaşma düzeylerine ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Nitel yöntemin kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu on beş sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veriler nitel veri toplama tekniklerinden görüşme yapılarak toplanmış, görüşmeler esnasında ses kayıtları yapılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin tek zaman ekinin bulunduğu yapılardaki kip tespitinde, yalnızca zaman ekini fark ettikleri, Türkçenin öğretiminde bakış kategorisi ve cümledeki ruh hâline dayalı kip kategorisinin göz ardı edilmesi ile Türkçede zaman/bakış eklerinin tekçilliğinden kaynaklanan durumun kip tespitine de yansıdığı, öğrencilerin yalnızca yüklemdeki eke ve onun literatürdeki adına odaklandıkları, bakışı da içerecek biçimde cümlenin bütünündeki zamanı sorguladıklarında, bunu karşılayacak bir terim bulamadıkları; birleşik çekimli yapılarda ise yüklemdeki iki eki de zaman eki olarak algıladıkları saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte yüklemde yer alan zaman/tarz ekine yönelik olarak öğrenciler tek bir zaman ekinin bulunduğu yükleme sahip cümlelerde, yalnızca gördükleri eklerin adlarını yazmış, bu yapılarda yer alan {-Ar}, {-AcAk}, {-yor} eklerinin bakış kategorisindeki değerleri hakkında herhangi bir bilgi vermemişlerdir. Öğrenciler cümlelerdeki işin gerçekleştiği zamana yönelik yanıtlarında, tek zaman eki taşıyan yapılar ve birleşik çekimli yapılarda benzer şekilde, yüklemdeki ekin ne olduğu kadar, cümlenin bütününden algıladıkları zamanı da belirtmişlerdir. Öğrencilerin yüklemdeki işin nasıl gerçekleştiğine yönelik yanıtlarının ise oldukça çeşitlilik gösterdiği, tutarlı olsa bile terim eksikliğinden kaynaklanan ifade zorluğu yaşadıkları saptanmıştır.Tense and mood take part in two notional concepts in teaching Turkish. In addition, compound conjugations are issues which causes conflict between field researchers who deal with these two notional concepts. How are taught, the compound structures in verb conjugations determine what students think of their own competencies for students and inquire how accurately they learned the tense and mood will shed on light the way for the better education. The purpose of this research is to determine eighth grade students' views on the level of access to structures associated verb conjugations. The data gathered from fifteen 8th grade students was analyzed through qualitative methods. The data was collected through interviews and audio recordings were made. The data were analyzed by using content analysis. As a result of the research, the only tense affix was noticed by students in the determination of mood that includes mono adjunct tense, and also the students couldn't find any term in order to define when they focused on the appendix in predicate and the name of this term in literature they examine tense of the whole sentence was stated. Beside, in the compound conjugations, they perceived the two affix in predicate as tense affix. In the meantime for the affix of tense/mood, in the sentence which has mono adjunct tense, students wrote just the name of affix what they saw and they didn't give any information about the structures which included the affix of {-Ar}, {-AcAk}, {-yor}. In the answers about occupation's time, students indicated the tense which the structures that have mono adjunct tense and in compound conjugations, as the affix in predicate. As for that responses of the students which were about how the work was occurred in predicate showed quite variety, even if it was consistent, they had the difficulty of expressing because of lack of term