The effects of 23 October and 9 November 2011 earthquakes on spatial transformation of the Van City

Earthquakes of 23 October 2011 and 9 November 2013 caused significant destruction on existing built-up areas of Van City, Turkey and had led to great loss of life and property. With the aim of identifying the effects of these two high-destructive earthquakes on spatial transformation process of the city, as well as to evaluate applied urban transformation strategies concerning to remove and mitigate the unfavourable effects of these earthquakes, maximum likelihood classification (MLC) is applied on related RapidEye satellite images to find out the urban macro-form changes, the change detection outputs by means of MLC results of the RapidEye satellite images dated before and after earthquakes which indicate that the overall accuracies are computed over 80%. The general results also reveal that the accuracies obtained are very promising to analyse spatial effect of the earthquakes on spatial transformation of the city. The identified findings of this analysis provide useful inputs to forthcoming researches aiming to evaluate the success of those kinds of urban transformation processes that may occur after similar natural disaster cases

Shaping Ability of Two M‑Wire and Two Traditional Nickel‑Titanium Instrumentation Systems in S‑Shaped Resin Canals

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping effects of two M‑wire and two traditional nickel‑titanium (NiTi) rotary systems in simulated S‑shaped resin canals.Subjects and Methods: Forty simulated S‑shaped canals in resin blocks were instrumented with two traditional (ProTaper, Sendoline S5) and two M‑wire (WaveOne, GT series X) NiTi systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Ten resin blocks were used for each system. Pre‑ and post‑instrumentation images were captured using a stereomicroscope and superimposed with an image program. Canal transportation, material removal, and aberrations were evaluated and recorded as numeric parameters.Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using one‑way ANOVA and post‑hoc Tukey tests with a 95% confidence interval.Results: There were significant differences between systems in terms of transportation and material removal (P < 0.05). Coronal danger zone was the most common aberration.Conclusions: Within the limits of this ex vivo study, it was found that the manufacturing methods (M‑wire or traditional NiTi) and kinematics (rotary or reciprocating motion) did not affect the shaping abilities of the systems. The extended file designs of highly tapered NiTi systems (ProTaper, WaveOne) resulted in greater deviations from the original root canal trace and more material removal when compared to less tapered systems (Sendoline S5, GT series X).Keywords: Canal Transportation, Endodontic Instruments, M‑wire, Nickel‑titanium, S‑curvatur

Shaping ability of two M-wire and two traditional nickel-titanium instrumentation systems in S-shaped resin canals

WOS: 000376164400002PubMed ID: 26289506Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping effects of two M-wire and two traditional nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems in simulated S-shaped resin canals. Subjects and Methods: Forty simulated S-shaped canals in resin blocks were instrumented with two traditional (ProTaper, Sendoline S5) and two M-wire (WaveOne, GT series X) NiTi systems according to the manufacturers' instructions. Ten resin blocks were used for each system. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were captured using a stereomicroscope and superimposed with an image program. Canal transportation, material removal, and aberrations were evaluated and recorded as numeric parameters. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests with a 95% confidence interval. Results: There were significant differences between systems in terms of transportation and material removal (P < 0.05). Coronal danger zone was the most common aberration. Conclusions: Within the limits of this ex vivo study, it was found that the manufacturing methods (M-wire or traditional NiTi) and kinematics (rotary or reciprocating motion) did not affect the shaping abilities of the systems. The extended file designs of highly tapered NiTi systems (ProTaper, WaveOne) resulted in greater deviations from the original root canal trace and more material removal when compared to less tapered systems (Sendoline S5, GT series X)

Plio-quaternary stress regime in Eşen Çay Basin, SW Turkey

The Plio-Quaternary Eşen çay Basin is situated at the junction of Hellenic and Cyprus arcs in southwestern Turkey. The basin is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the region in relation to the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs. Fault data from unconsolidated Pliocene and Quaternary deposits, as well as from pre-Pliocene lithologies, areanalysed in order to reconstruct the evolution of the stress field evolution from Pliocene onwards. Inversion of measured fault slip vector data identifies two main stress states: extensional and strike-slip. Both states are characterized by a NE-SW-trending minimum horizontal stress axis (?Hmin = ?3). The mean R value is 0.67, indicating a triaxial state of stress. The inversion also indicates the existence of extensional and strike-slip faulting characterized by a NW-SE-trending ?3 axis. This indicates a change in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress axis (?3) from a NW-SE-trending ?3 that dominated prior to Quaternary to a NE-SW-trending ?3 that dominated during Quaternary up to actual time. © The Geological Society of London 2013