Effect of thermal effluent discharge on benthic fauna off Tuticorin bay, south east coast of India

Benthic fauna of Tuticorin bay in relation to thermal effluent discharge was studied for a period of two years (March 1990 to April 1992). Station I situated closer to thermal effluent discharging site was characterised by high water temperature (surface mean 38.92°C, Bottom mean 3S.S6 °C), low dissolved oxygen (surface mean 3.79±O.29 mill) ami high percentage of sand (mean sand 87.96%, mean silt 7.57%, mean clay 4 .8

Classification of Subjects as Slow or Rapid Inactivators of Isoniazid Oral Administration of a Slow-release. Preparation of Isoniazid and Determination of the Ratio of Acetyisoniazid to Isoniazid in Urine

A simple method for classifying subjects as slow or rapid inactivators of isoniazid has beenevaluated on large numbers of patients. The method consists of determining the ratio of acetylisoniazid to isoniazid in a 24-26 h. urine collection following the oral administration of a slow-release preparation of isoniazid 30 mg./kg. body-weight. In a group of 101 patients, there was 100 per cent agreement between the classification based on this method and that based on a standard method, consisting of estimation of the serum isoniazid concentration, 4½ h. after an intramuscular dose of ordinary isoniazid 3 mg./kg. body-weight. Subsequent studies in other patients have confirmed that the method is efficient, and demonstrated that the classification is highly reproducible

Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic modelling of the sorption of metals from aqueous solution by a silica polyamine composite

Batch sorption studies were conducted to assess the potential of a phosphonated silica polyamine composite (BPAP) to remove metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, U and Zn) from mine waters. The metal adsorption showed a good Langmuir isotherm fit. Ni and Mn fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The activation energies (Ea) of Co, Mg and Ni ranged between 5 and 40 kJ∙moℓ-1, signifying physisorption while U showed a chemisorption type of adsorption (with Ea > 50 kJ∙moℓ-1). Cu and Fe on the other hand gave negative Ea values, indicating their preference to bind to low-energy sites. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation of the experimental data, except for Mg and Ni for which the pseudo-first-order model and the Elovich model gave a better fit, respectively. Adsorption was almost constant over a wide pH regime and increased with time. Adsorption increased with concentration of the metals with the exception of Co, Fe and Ni which displayed about a 40% drop at a concentration of 200 mg∙ℓ-1. Desorption experimental data gave poor results except for U which showed 99.9% desorption.Keywords: silica polyamine composite, sorption, kinetics, isotherms, desorptio

Effect of Prednisolone and Rifampin on Isoniazid Metabolism in Slow and Rapid Inactivators of Isoniazid

The effect of prednisolone and rifampin, alone and in combination, on the biodisposition of isoniazid in slow and rapid inactivators of isoniazid was investigated. In one investigation, we made serial determinations of plasma isoniazid concentrations up to 8 h and of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in excreted urine up to 8.5 h in patients receiving isoniazid alone on one occasion and isoniazid plus prednisolone or isoniazid plus rifampin on another. Prednisolone caused a significant decrease in the plasma isoniazid concentrations in both slow and rapid inactivators. It also enhanced the renal clearance of isoniazid in both slow and rapid inactivators and increased the rate of acetylation of isoniazid in slow inactivators only. Rifampin had no effect on the biodisposition of isoniazid in either slow or rapid inactivators. In a second investigation, one group of slow and rapid inactivators received isoniazid and rifampin, and a different group received prednisolone, in addition. Plasma isoniazid concentrations in slow inactivators receiving prednisolone were significantly lower than in those who received isoniazid and rifampin only. In rapid inactivators, plasma isoniazid concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients, suggesting that concomitant administration of rifampin had considerably modified the prednisolone effect on the biodisposition of isoniazid in these patients

Serum protein profile in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

A detailed study of the alterations in the serum protein fractions following commencement of effective anti-tuberculosis treatment was undertaken in 511 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The concentration of serum albumin was 20-30 per cent higher (P<0.001) and that of a1, a2 and g -globulins significantly lower at the end of treatment than on admission (P <0.01), the magnitude of decrease being 7-17 per cent for g -globulin, 19-30 per cent for a1- globulin and 35-38 per cent for a2- globulin. In all, 481 patients had a favourable response to treatment, 46 of whom had a bacteriological relapse within 18 months of stopping treatment. The likelihood of a relapse was found to be greater with higher a2 -globulin concentrations at the end of treatment, the proportions of patients who relapsed being 3, 9, 13 and 15 per cent with a2 -globulin concentrations of < 0.40, 0.40-0.59, 0.60-0.79 and > 0.80 g/dl (P=0.02)

A Modified Method for the Estimation of Acetylisoniazid in Urine

The method of Venkataraman et al. (1968) for the direct estimation of acetylisoniazid in urine has been modified to make it suitable for application to urine specimens containing sugar. The urine is first extracted with a mixture of chloroform and n-butanol, the organic phase re-extracted with dilute sulphuric acid, and the original method then applied to the acid extract. With the modified method, recoveries of acetylisoniazid were quantitative, both in the presence and the absence of glucose. Interference due to hydrazones and isonicotinyl glycine was substantially reduced by the modification, while that due to isoniazid remained the same. There was little or no interference from isonicotinic acid, with either the original or the modified method

Classification of children as slow or rapid acetylators based on concentrations of isoniazid in saliva folowing oral administration of body-weight and surface-area-related dosages of the drug

The acetylator phenotype of 180 children aged 3-11 years was determined on the basis of isoniazid concentrations in saliva collected at 5 hours after oral administration of body-weight and surfacearea- related &sages of the drug in a syrup form. isoniazid 25 mglkg was administered on one occasion and 75 mg/m2 surface-area on another, with an interval of 3 days between the occasions. A cross-over design was employed and the sequence was determined by random allocation. The distribution of the concentrations was bimodal with both procedures, indicating the presence of two groups namely, the slow and rapid acetylators. The criterion for a rapid acetylator was a concentration of 0.3 μg/ml or less by body-weight-related dosage and 0.4 μg/ml or less by that based on surface-area. Based on these criteria, 62 % of the children were classified as slow acetylators and 38% as rapid acetylators by body-weight, and 59 and 41 %, respectively by surface-area, and the findings were similar in children in the different age-groups. The agreement between the two procedures was 98%

Minimize the end to end delay and Maximize the coverage of Wireless sensor nodes using Data Fusion Distributed Truncated Greedy algorithm

ABSTRACT: As sensors are energy constrained devices, the main challenge is to minimize the end to end delay by maximizing the coverage area of sensor nodes. Instead of considering the whole network for packet transmission, nodes are formed as clusters based on region. To achieve energy balanced clustering in the network we use the concept called Minimum Weight Sub modular Set Cover (MWSSC), Distributed Truncated Greedy Algorithm (DTGA) can provide a better solution for Minimum Weight Sub modular Set Cover (MWSSC). Though it can achieve Minimum Weight Sub modular Set Cover (MWSSC), but it consumes more energy for data transmission and for sharing local information among their neighbour nodes in the same cluster. This problem can be solved by infusing Data Fusion in Distributed truncated greedy algorithm. . These collected data are sent to base station which acts like a control room. Recent advancement in wireless sensor networks has resulted in a unique capability to the remote sensing environment. These systems are often implemented in remote or the areas where it is hard to be reached. Hence, it is difficult in such networks that operate unattended for long durations. Therefore, extending network lifetime through the efficient use of energy has been a key issue in the development of wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor network typically consist of tens to thousands of nodes. These nodes collect process and Cooperatively pass this collected information to a central location The process of grouping the sensor nodes in a densely deployed large-scale sensor network is known as clustering. The intelligent way to combine and compress the data belonging to a single cluster is known as data aggregation in cluster based environment. The information from the nodes to the sink should be in time. If any delay occurs in transferring the packet, then the packet will be useless. So the network should have minimum delay. So optimally choosing the any cast forwarding policy to minimize the expected end-end delay from all sensor nodes to the sink Communication among number of nodes in a large network for relaying packets consumes lot of energy and takes multi-hop to reach sink node. Rather we can form clusters with small numbers of nodes. Initially, clusters will be formed and we can&quot;t assure that the single node has participated in single cluster. This can be solved using Data fusion Distributed truncated greedy algorithm (DTGA). In which there is no need for all the nodes to be in active in the clusters. Only cluster head needs to be in active and the sensor node will wake up when an event occurs. This clearly shows that the network lifetime can be increased through this data fusio

Broad and potent cross clade neutralizing antibodies with multiple specificities in the plasma of HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals.

Broadly Cross clade Neutralizing (BCN) antibodies are recognized as potential therapeutic tools and leads for the design of a vaccine that can protect human beings against various clades of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In the present study, we screened plasma of 88 HIV-1 infected ART naïve individuals for their neutralization potential using a standard panel of 18 pseudoviruses belonging to different subtypes and different levels of neutralization. We identified 12 samples with good breadth of neutralization (neutralized &gt;90% of the viruses). Four of these samples neutralized even the difficult-to-neutralize tier-3 pseudoviruses with great potency (GMT &gt; 600). Analysis of neutralization specificities indicated that four samples had antibodies with multiple epitope binding specificities, viz. CD4-binding site (CD4BS), glycans in the V1/V2 and V3 regions and membrane proximal external region (MPER). Our findings indicate the strong possibility of identifying highly potent bNAbs with known or novel specificities from HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals from India that can be exploited as therapeutic tools or lead molecules for the identification of potential epitopes for design of a protective HIV-1 vaccine

Classification of Subjects as Slow or Rapid Inactivators of Isoniazid Based on the Ratio of Acetylisoniazid to Isoniazid in Urine Determined by a Simple Colorimetric Method

A method for classifying subjects as slow or rapid inactivators of isoniazid based on the ratio of acetylisoniazid to isoniazid in a 3-4 hour urine collection following an intramuscular dose of isoniazid 3 mg./kg. body-weight has been described. Isoniazid and acetylisoniazid have been estimated using methods requiring the use of only a photoelectric colorimeter. Of the 279 patients investigated, 169 (61 per cent) were classified as slow inactivators and 110 (39 per cent) as rapid inactivators. This classification is an excellent agreement (97 per cent) with that based on a standard spectrophotometric method