Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Sains Melalui Penggunaan Alat Peraga Di Kelas V SDN 1 Dolong A

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan tujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan alat peraga di kelas V SDN 1 Dolong A. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 1 Dolong A yang berjumlah 32 orang terdiri dari 15 orang laki-laki dan 17 orang perempuan. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukkan rata-rata hasil observasi aktivitas siswa diperoleh persentase 71,87% dengan kategori baik, persentase aktivitas guru 77% kategori baik, persentase daya serap klasikal 56,63% dan tuntas klasikal sebesar 71,87%. Pada siklus II diperoleh rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa sebesar 87,5% dengan kategori sangat baik, persentase aktivitas guru 90,38% kategori sangat baik, persentase daya serap klasikal 80% dan persentase tuntas klasikal sebesar 85%. Hal ini telah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan dengan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar minimal 70 dan ketuntasan klasikal sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan minimal 80%

CHANGES IN THE CYTOKINE STATUS WITH STABLE ANGINA

This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial damage. It described the important role of inflammation in the development of coronary heart disease. The role of individual cytokines in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the most frequent forms of it - angina. It is shown that in patients with coronary heart disease progression of the disease is due to an imbalance in cytokine system, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6). Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by limiting excessive intensity of the immune response. Revealed increasing levels of TGF-β1 as a key cytokine that promotes the development of fibrosis in the wall of the heart and blood vessels. The interrelation between improving markers of inflammation and the development of coronary heart disease, the predictive value of these markers of inflammation in patients with stable coronary heart disease: angina of effort of different functional classes

DYNAMICS OF THE LEVEL OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE TREATMENT OF STABLE ANGINA II-III FUNCTIONAL CLASSES

Purpose: to assess the dynamics of the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in the process of the standard treatment and the use of TES-therapy in patients with stable angina II-III functional class.Materials and Methods: the study investigated the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in 60 patients with angina pectoris II-III FC on the background of standard treatment and when carrying out TES-therapy.Results: in the group of patients with angina pectoris II-III functional class on the 8 days of standard therapy were observed significant changes in the content of major anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. When added to standard treatment with TES-therapy level of the main anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) for 8 days significantly decreased.Summary: the results suggest that TES-therapy allows to reduce the degree of activity of systemic inflammatory response in significantly more strokes than the standard treatment. It is therefore advisable for the inclusion of TES-therapy in the standard treatment of patients stable angina II-III functional class

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Siswa Kelas XMIPA4 SMA Negeri 5 Palu

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving pada siswa kelas XMIPA 4 SMA Negeri 5 Palu. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan secara bersiklus dan mengacu pada desain penelitian dari model Kemmis & Mc. Taggart, yang meliputi 4 tahap: (i) perencanaan, (ii) pelaksanaan tindakan, (iii) dalam observasi, (iv) dalam refleksi. Jenis daya yang diperoleh adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif adalah data yang diperoleh dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar berupa hasil observasi. Sedangkan data kuantitatif adalah data hasil belajar yang diperoleh dengan tes. Hasil Belajar siklus I diperoleh ketuntasan belajar klasikal yakni 42.11% dengan daya serap klasikal 59.56%, aktivitas guru berada pada kategori sangat baik yaitu dengan persentase 95.83 % dan aktivitas siswa berada pada kategori cukup yaitu dengan persentase 79.51 %. Pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 64.71% dengan daya serap klasikal 74.12%, aktivitas guru berada pada ketegori sangat baik yaitu dengan persentase 97.72% dan aktivitas siswa berada pada kategori baik dengan persentase 87.31% . Berdasarkan indikator kinerja, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas X MIPA 4 SMA Negeri 5 Palu.   Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving, Hasil Belajar

MECHANISMS OF IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES ACTIVATION

In our article, we focus on molecular mechanisms of immediately early genes expression. We discuss extracellular signals that are transduced into the nucleus through a variety of signaling mechanisms to elicit changes in patterns of immediately early genes expression, chiefly focusing on c-fos. Immediate early genes are involved in many different normal and pathological processes including cell differentiation, cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation,  oncogenic  transformation  and stress. The earliest known and best characterized include c-fos, c-myc and c-jun, genes that were found to be homologous to retroviral oncogenes. We highlight several signaling  pathways that induce genes expression such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase A, protein kinase C, JAK-STAT and calcium-dependent pathways. Each one plays important role in immediate early genes activation. Signal transduction eventually leads to the activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Immediate early gene products are on average mostly transcription factors. FOS and JUN are major components of the AP-1 transcription factor which is responsible for regulating late genes expression involved in multitude of different function such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, abnormally immediate early gene expression contributes to pathological processes

Exercise alleviates depression related systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Background: Depression is a highly prevalent co-morbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which was shown to be associated with a worse course of disease, including reduced quality of life and increased symptoms burden, healthcare use, and even mortality. It has been speculated that systemic inflammation may play a role in the presence of depression. Currently, physical activity is an important lifestyle factor that has the potential to modify inflammatory cytokines and depression, however our understanding of how to use exercise effectively in COPD patients to alleviate depression related systemic inflammation is incomplete and has prompted our interest to identify the type and intensities of effective exercise. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the changes in depression related systemic inflammation of aerobic exercise training in COPD patients in Jeddah area. Material and Methods: Eighty patients with moderate severity of COPD participated in this study and were divided into two groups; the first group received aerobic exercise, whereas the second group received no exercise training for 12 weeks. Results: The mean values of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u3b1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were significantly decreased in in group (A) after treatments, but the changes in group (B) were not significant .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is an effective treatment policy to improve depression related to systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DETECTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTROSTIMULATION ON THE STESS RESISTANCE OF STUDENTS BY THE TEST OF T. HOLMES AND R. RAHE

Aim. The study was designed to establish the influence of transcranial electrostimulation on the stress tolerance of students by the method of T. Holmes and R. Rahe.Materials and methods.The observations were made on 127 students aged 19-22. They were 50 boys and 77 girls. The students were divided into the main group (78 people) and the comparison group (49 people). Transcranial electrostimulation was carried out for the students of the main group: 2 sessions per week and 5 sessions per week. Stress resistance was assessed by the test of stress resistance and social adaptation of T. Holmes and R. Rahe before the course of transcranial electrostimulation and after it. The level of stress resistance was determined in the comparison group within the same time frame. Transcranial electrostimulation (TES) was performed by the “Transair-03” apparatus on the testees in the sitting position. The value of the pulse current of 3 mA, frequency 7.5 Hz was used. The exposure time was 30 minutes. The results of the study were processed with the help of the “Statistika 6.0” computer program. Results. At the end of the school year, students had low, threshold and high levels of stress resistance. These levels of resistance to stress remained in those individuals who did not undergo transcranial electrostimulation, and also in students who had 2 transcranial electrostimulation sessions per week. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrostimulation per week, students had a threshold and high levels of stress resistance; there was no low level. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrostimulation the total number of points in students with a threshold level of stress resistance statistically decreased by 11,0% in comparison with the initial result. The total number of points after transcranial electrostimulation in students with a high level of stress resistance statistically decreased by 8,4%. Conclusion. The results indicate an increase in the level of students' stress tolerance and the effectiveness of transcranial therapy for at least 5 sessions per week