Effects of Curriculum Intervention on Divergent Thinking Abilities

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the divergent thinking abilities of first-year architecture students who are currently enrolled in a course focused on thinking in architecture. The statistical analysis of student’s studio works with Wallach Kogan`s divergent thinking pre/posttests results demonstrated that the post-test score for verbal stimuli fluency was higher than the visual posttest score. In addition, the post-test score for visual flexibility was higher than the verbal posttest score. In originality students got the highest scores in posttests both in visual and verbal tasks.  Besides the correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between fluency and originality. These results revealed that design training considerably enhances students' capacity to produce original ideas both in visual and verbal thinking. In terms of their ability to create considerably more and qualified ideas on related themes students demonstrate more improvement in their verbal reasoning abilities than their visual reasoning skills. The present study determined that curricular intervention in the first semester training where the instructor emphasized development of divergent thinking skills improved students' both visual and verbal divergent thinking skills, to a greater degree in originality and to a lesser degree in fluency and flexibility in idea generation

University Campus Gates as a Tool of Identity Representation

With information age, it has become one of the primary aims of universities to contribute to transforming knowledge into social power. The university institution has to establish a domain of influence spreading out from the micro-scale without isolating itself, because the knowledge produced must respond in social life and enter public circulation. This micro scale should be the urban environment in which the university is physically located. Therefore, today's universities should frst strengthen their relationship with their immediate surroundings, starting from the nearest. Within the plurality, fluidity and complexity of social life, the process of building identities for individuals is an obligation. Similarly, public institutions also have to separate themselves from the context they are part of and establish their own identities. While doing so, university institutions put their special qualities in the foreground and design the representation of their institutional structures for the outside world. In this sense campus gates have great importance as the interface between city and university. These architectural constructions, which are designed as introductory buildings to represent the university, are the places where physical interaction between city and university frst takes place. The aim of this study is to discuss the architectural qualities of campus gates of universities in Turkey and try to decipher the forms in which identity formation takes place through given examples. In order to create a general panorama the examples were chosen without any distinctions such as private/state University, urban/ non-urban University, old/new university, etc

The Formative period of Kaysaniyya and the First Shiite

MakaleKeysâniyye, Muhammed b. el-Hanefiyye’nin imâmeti düşüncesiyle Hicri I. asrın son çeyreğinde ortaya çıkan ilk Şiî fırkalardan biridir. Keysâniyye fırkası Muhtâr es-Sakafî’nintabileri olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Başta Muhammed b. el-Hanefiyye’nin siyasi tavrı olmak üzere onun Muhtâr es-Sakafî ile ilişkisini tesbit etmek Keysâniyye fırkası açısından büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca fırkanın teşekkülünde Muhtâr es-Sakafî’yle birlikte Ebû Amra Keysân ismi öne çıkmaktadır. Onun, Muhtâr’la birlikte öldüğüne dair bir kanıt bulunmaması daha sonra taraftarları arasında etkin bir rol üstlenme ihtimalini akla getirmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra Ebû Amra Keysân’ın aşırı fikirlerinin tesiriyle ortaya çıkan Keysâniyye’inin teşekkül sürecini anlamak bir nevi Şiîlik tarihine ışık tutmak anlamına gelmektedir. Nitekim İbnü’l-Hanefiyye’nin oğlu Ebû Haşim’in imâmeti vasiyet ettiğine dair bilgiler Şiî ayrışmaya da işaret etmektedir. İmametin nass ve ta ʻyinle Hz. Ali ve evlâdına hasredilmesinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olan vasiyet düşüncesinin Keysâniyye ve galî fırkalar içinde tezahürü söz konusudur. Şiîliğin itikadi esaslarından biri olan imâmet inancı bu dönemde gelişmeye başlamıştır.Keysaniyya is one of the first Shiite sects that emerged in the last quarter of the first century of the Islamic calendar, with the idea of the imamate of al-Hanafiyya. Keysaniyye party was named as subordinates of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi. Mohammed is of great importance for the Keysaniyya party to determine the political attitude of al-Hanafiyya and its relationship with Muhtar al-Thaqafi. In addition, the name of Abu Amra Keysân stands out with Mukhtar al-Thaqafi in the formation of the party. The lack of evidence that he died alongside the Mukhtar suggests the possibility of later taking an active role among his supporters. In addition, the formation process of Keysaniyya, which emerged with the influence of Abu Amra Keysan's extreme ideas, is a means that sheds light on the history of Shiism in a way. As a matter of fact, the information that al-Hanafiyya's son Abu Hashim bequeathed to the imam also points to the Shiite division. There is a manifestation of the thought of testament, which has an important effect on devoting to Ali and his children, in Keysaniyya and galî sects. The belief of imam, one of the creed of Shiism, developed in this period

Examination of psychometric properties of the Turkish form of adult playfulness trait scale-APTSYetişkin eğlence eğilimi özeliği ölçeği Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Adult playfulness helps children to reduce their negative feelings and go through more smooth transitions for new experiences, and this propounds the importance of examining the playfulness of teachers. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of Adult Playfulness Trait Scale (APTS)-Turkish Form in terms of teacher candidates. The study was conducted with 440 university students. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to test the validity of the scale; and alpha value was calculated to test the reliability of the scale. Factor loadings and fit indices indicated that the construct validity of scale was high. Consequently, construct validity and reliability of scale were found to be high level.   ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı Yetişkin Eğlence Eğilimi Özeliği Ölçeği’nin (YEEÖÖ) Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin öğretmen adayları açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma 440 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA); güvenirliği için ise alfa değeri hesaplanmıştır. Faktör yükleri ve uyum indekslerinin, ölçeğin yapı geçerliğinin yüksek düzeyde olduğuna işaret ettiği söylenebilmektedir. Sonuç olarak ölçeğin yapı geçerliği ve güvenirliğinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir

Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on the left ventricular mass

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) induces pressure overload of the left ventricle (LV) and results in left ventricular hypertrophy. The remodeling of the LV in patients with AS is a com­plex process including structural and functional disturbances. After aortic valve replacement, reverse remodeling of LV begins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of transcatheter aortic valve ımplantation (TAVI) on LV mass (LVM) in early and mid-term follow-ups after the procedure. Methods and Results: We enrolled consecutive 75 patients who underwent successful TAVI. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed prior to TAVI and at hospital discharge, in the 1st month and 6th month of the follow-ups. The mean LV ejection fraction improved significantly after TAVI (54.2 ± 15.0% to 57.3 ± 11.7%, p < 0.001). There were no significant changes between the baseline and discharge mean LVM and LVM index values (LVMI; p = 0.1). However, LVMI decreased significantly in the 1st month of follow-up compared to baseline (123.3 ± 20.3 to 127.9 ± 21.3 g/m2, respectively, p < 0.001). Also, significant regression of LVM was observed at the 1st month of follow-up compared to baseline (228.3 ± 33.5 g vs. 236.5 ± 34.2 g, respectively, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the significant regression in both of LVM and LVMI continued at 1st and 6th months of the follow-ups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A significant regression of LVM was observed after TAVI. These changes may have prognostic value in patients with severe AS

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The City Of Early Republic On Comic Magazines

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013Cumhuriyet’in kurulmasıyla başlayan modernleşme çalışmaları, toplumun her kesimini derinden etkilemiştir. Osmanlı’dan kalma geleneksel yaşam biçimlerinin değiştirilip batıya ayak uydurabilmek adına mimari ve kentsel anlamda önemli girişimler olmuştur. Bu girişimler kenti dönüştürdüğü gibi, kenti kullananların zihinlerindeki kent algısını da dönüştürmüştür. Cumhuriyet ideolojisinin kendini somutlama projesi de denilebilecek bu yeni modern kent ideali üzerine, dönem mimar ve kent plancılarının mesleki bakış açılarının yanında, kamusal fikirlerin de önemi büyüktür. Mizah dergileri doğaları itibariyle muhalif, bağımsız ve yansız yayın organlarıdır. Üretimlerini toplumdan beslenerek yine toplum için yaparlar. Kentin geçirdiği bu büyük dönüşüm üzerine de o dönem çok sayıda içerik üreten mizah dergilerinin meseleyi ele alış biçimleri bu anlamda önemlidir. Bu tez kapsamında, dönüşümün en hızlı olduğu 1930 ve 1940 arasındaki 10 yıllık süreç içerisinde yayınlanan mizah dergileri taranmış, bu konular üzerine üretilmiş karikatür ve metinler aracılığıyla dönüşümün toplumdaki yansımaları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Toplanan dökümanlar, kentin dönüşümünün fiziksel ve sosyal yansımaları olarak gruplandırılmış, gerekli alt başlıklar aracılığıyla da Erken Cumhuriyet Kenti’nin bir bütün olarak nasıl bir algı yaratığı, hangi alanlarda eleştirildiği, hangi meselelerin daha ön plana çıktığı deşifre edilmiştir. Mizah dergilerinin sivil bakış açısıyla kendiliğinen oluşmuş olan bu kent panaroması, kentlinin kenti yaşarken nasıl yargılara vardığını görmek, kenti biçimlendiren iradenin fikirleri ve amaçlarının nasıl karşılık bulduğunu araştırmak, yönetici idare ve kentli arasındaki belirleyici karakter olan mimarların bu dönüşümün neresinde olduğunu göstermek açısından önemlidir. Bu ilişkiler zinciri ve söylem üretilmesi durumu, günümüz kentleri için de geçerliliğini korumaktadır.In Turkey modernization efforts, began with the establishment of the Republic, has deeply affected every segment of society. Architectural and urban attempts had been made to change traditional lifestyles which are inherited from Ottoman Empire. While these attempts were changing city and urban life, they also changed city perception of citizens new modern city ideal, which can be seen as physical intervention of the Republican Ideology, public ideas have great importance. Humor magazines, by their nature, are independent and impartial broadcasting agencies. Their products are fed by society and for the interest of society. Within the scope of this thesis, humor magazines published between 1930 and 1940 are scanned, the reflections of the transformation of society are tried to determine through cartoons and texts produced on new city and architecture for 10 years. These collected documents grouped as physical reflections and social reflections of the city s transformation and by means of particular sub-titles, what is the perception of Early Republican City as a whole, in which areas it is criticized and which issues are emphasized more are deciphered. To compare data derived from city panorama which is composed by civic perspective of humor magazines with image wanted to create by Republican Government and also with ideas of architects/planners is worthy to inquire about today s cities and architecture.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SCOTCH PINE (Pinus sylvestris L.) SEED ORIGIN TO CONE AND SEED CHARACTERISTICS

Bu çalısmanın amacı, Sarıçam'da (Pinus sylvestris L.) farklı tohum kaynaklarının kozalak ve tohum özelliklerine etkisini belirlemektir. Çankırı-Ilgaz-Uzundag mevkiindeki tohum mesceresi ile Ilgaz orijinli Eskisehir-Mihalıçcık-Ormantepe mevkiindeki klonal tohum bahçesi seçilmistir. Bu amaçla; 2004 bol tohum yılında Ilgaz-Uzundag mevkii 176 nolu tohum mesceresindeki 30 üstün agaçtan ve Mihalıçcık-Ormantepe mevkiindeki 96 nolu klonal tohum bahçesinden 30 klonu temsil edecek sekilde her bir agaçtan 20'ser adet olmak üzere toplam 1200 adet kozalak örnegi alınmıstır. Her bir örnegin; kozalak çapı, kozalak boyu, karpel sayısı, kozalak agırlıgı ile her bir kozalaktan elde edilen tohumların; tohum çapı, tohum boyu, tohum sayısı, tohum agırlıgı, kanat boyu, kanat çapı ve kanat rengi gibi kozalak, tohum ve kanata iliskin morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmistir. Yapılan ölçüm ve degerlendirmeler sonucunda; Ilgaz tohum mesceresine ve Mihalıçcık klonal tohum bahçesine ait kozalakların ortalama degerleri sırasıyla; Kzç: 23,81 mm ve 22,11 mm, Kzb: 47,92 mm ve 41,87 mm, Kzag: 11,27 gr ve 7,48 gr, Kps: 58,87 adet ve 67,07 adet ile tohumlara ait ortalama degerler sırasıyla; Ths: 30,18 adet ve 27,96 adet, Thç: 2,83 mm ve 2,73 mm, Thb: 5,13 mm ve 4,79 mm, Thag: 0,310 gr ve 0,180 gr, BrThag: 0,01 gr ve 0,006 gr, Knç: 5,82 mm ve 5,30 mm, Knb: 18,56 ve 16,6 mm olarak bulunmustur. Sonuç olarak; Ilgaz tohum mesceresinden alınan örneklerin Mihalıçcık klonal tohum bahçesinden alınan örneklere göre, Kps özelligi dısındaki tüm özellikler bakımından daha yüksek degerler tespit edilmistir.This study was carried out for determing the effects of different seed sources on cone and seed traits by collecting the cones from Çankırı- Ilgaz seed stand and Eskisehir-Mihalıçcık clonal seed orchard. A total of 1200 cone samples were collected from 30 dominant trees (20 each) at Ilgaz-Uzundag (Number of seed stand is 176) and 30 choosen trees (20 each) representing the clones at Mihalıçcık-Ormantepe (Number of clonal seed orchard is 96) in the rich seed year (2004) for the investigation. The morphologic characteristics of cones, seeds and wings such us the diameter, height, carpel number, weight of each cone and diameter, height, number, weight of each seed derived from each cones and diameters, heights, colours of wings were determined. The average values of cones picked up from Ilgaz seed stand and Mihalıçcık clonal seed orchard were found respectively; Kzç: 23,81 mm and 22,11 mm, Kzb: 47,92 mm and 41,87 mm, Kzag: 11,27 gr and 7,48 gr, Kps: 58,87 pieces and 67,07 pieces, and the average values of seeds were found respectively; Ths: 30,18 pieces and 27,96 pieces, Thç: 2,83 mm and 2,73 mm, Thb: 5,13 mm and 4,79 mm, Thag: 0,310 gr and 0,180 gr, BrThag: 0,01 gr and 0,006 gr, Knç: 5,82 mm and 5,30 mm, Knb: 18,56 mm and 16,6 mm. All values were found higher at samples picked up from Ilgaz seed stand than samples picked up from Mihalıçcık clonal seed orchard except Kps

The importance of the kufe in religious-political movements through the Umayyad period

Yüksek Lisans TeziKufe şehri, 17/637-38 yılında Hz. Ömer’in halifeliği döneminde kurulmuştur. Müslümanların kurduğu ilk şehirlerden biri olan Kûfe’nin siyasi tarihi hep çalkantılı geçmiş, Hz. Ali yanlıları başta olmak üzere Emevi muhaliflerinin de bir toplanma merkezi olmuştur. Emeviler döneminde meydana gelen Kûfe merkezli, Hucr b. Adiy hadisesi, Kerbelâ olayı, Tevvâbûn hareketi, Muhtar es-Sekafî hareketi, Zeyd b. Ali isyanı ve Abdullah b. Muaviye hareketi gibi siyasi faaliyetler daha sonra Kûfe’de ortaya çıkan fırka ve mezhepler üzerinde derin etkiler bırakmıştır. Bu fırka ve mezheplerin oluşumunda ise Kûfe’nin kadim tarihi diyebileceğimiz Hire krallığının ve bölgedeki Fars kültürünün derin etkilerini bulmak mümkündür. Kûfe, Keysaniyye, Beyaniyye, Cenahiyye, Muğiriyye ve Zeydiyye başta olmak üzere pekçok fırkanın merkezi konumunda olmuştur.The City of Kufa was founded in 17/637-38 during caliphate period of Hazrat Omar, wihich was the fisrt one of the cities founded by Muslim, had always turbulent poilitical history and it became a gathering center of the Umayyad opponents especially for supperters of Hazrat Ali. Kufa-centered political activities including movement of Hucr b. Adiy, of Karbala, movement of Tawwabin, movement of Mukhtar al-Thaqafı, rebillion of Zayd b. Ali and rebillion of Abdallah b. Muawiyah, which took place during the Umayyad period had a profound influence on the faction and sects that emerged afterwords in Kufa, in the formation of th:ese faction and sects. It is passible to find deep efects of Hira State and Persian cultura in the region, which we can call the ancient history of Kufa. Accordinggly, Kufa was in the position of center for many factions especially Kaysaniyya, Bayaniyya, Muğırıyya and Canahıyya