30,287 research outputs found
Finite-temperature charge transport in the one-dimensional Hubbard model
We study the charge conductivity of the one-dimensional repulsive Hubbard
model at finite temperature using the method of dynamical quantum typicality,
focusing at half filling. This numerical approach allows us to obtain current
autocorrelation functions from systems with as many as 18 sites, way beyond the
range of standard exact diagonalization. Our data clearly suggest that the
charge Drude weight vanishes with a power law as a function of system size. The
low-frequency dependence of the conductivity is consistent with a finite dc
value and thus with diffusion, despite large finite-size effects. Furthermore,
we consider the mass-imbalanced Hubbard model for which the charge Drude weight
decays exponentially with system size, as expected for a non-integrable model.
We analyze the conductivity and diffusion constant as a function of the mass
imbalance and we observe that the conductivity of the lighter component
decreases exponentially fast with the mass-imbalance ratio. While in the
extreme limit of immobile heavy particles, the Falicov-Kimball model, there is
an effective Anderson-localization mechanism leading to a vanishing
conductivity of the lighter species, we resolve finite conductivities for an
inverse mass ratio of .Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
Turbulent transport and dynamo in sheared MHD turbulence with a non-uniform magnetic field
We investigate three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics turbulence in the presence of velocity and magnetic shear (i.e., with both a large-scale shear flow and a nonuniform magnetic field). By assuming a turbulence driven by an external forcing with both helical and nonhelical spectra, we investigate the combined effect of these two shears on turbulence intensity and turbulent transport represented by turbulent diffusivities (turbulent viscosity, α and β effect) in Reynolds-averaged equations. We show that turbulent transport (turbulent viscosity and diffusivity) is quenched by a strong flow shear and a strong magnetic field. For a weak flow shear, we further show that the magnetic shear increases the turbulence intensity while decreasing the turbulent transport. In the presence of a strong flow shear, the effect of the magnetic shear is found to oppose the effect of flow shear (which reduces turbulence due to shear stabilization) by enhancing turbulence and transport, thereby weakening the strong quenching by flow shear stabilization. In the case of a strong magnetic field (compared to flow shear), magnetic shear increases turbulence intensity and quenches turbulent transport
N_pN_n dependence of empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the 2^+ states in even-even nuclei
We examine the effects of the additional term of the type on the recently proposed empirical formula for the lowest excitation
energy of the states in even-even nuclei. This study is motivated by the
fact that this term carries the favorable dependence of the valence nucleon
numbers dictated by the scheme. We show explicitly that there is not
any improvement in reproducing by including the extra
term. However, our study also reveals that the excitation energies
, when calculated by the term alone (with the mass number
dependent term), are quite comparable to those calculated by the original
empirical formula.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Pressure-induced metal-insulator transition in LaMnO3 is not of Mott-Hubbard type
Calculations employing the local density approximation combined with static
and dynamical mean-field theories (LDA+U and LDA+DMFT) indicate that the
metal-insulator transition observed at 32 GPa in paramagnetic LaMnO3 at room
temperature is not a Mott-Hubbard transition, but is caused by orbital
splitting of the majority-spin eg bands. For LaMnO3 to be insulating at
pressures below 32 GPa, both on-site Coulomb repulsion and Jahn-Teller
distortion are needed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Real-time broadening of non-equilibrium density profiles and the role of the specific initial-state realization
The real-time broadening of density profiles starting from non-equilibrium
states is at the center of transport in condensed-matter systems and dynamics
in ultracold atomic gases. Initial profiles close to equilibrium are expected
to evolve according to linear response, e.g., as given by the current
correlator evaluated exactly at equilibrium. Significantly off equilibrium,
linear response is expected to break down and even a description in terms of
canonical ensembles is questionable. We unveil that single pure states with
density profiles of maximum amplitude yield a broadening in perfect agreement
with linear response, if the structure of these states involves randomness in
terms of decoherent off-diagonal density-matrix elements. While these states
allow for spin diffusion in the XXZ spin-1/2 chain at large exchange
anisotropies, coherences yield entirely different behavior.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Quantum Jarzynski Relation for Pure Initial States
Since the first suggestion of the Jarzynski equality many derivations of this
equality have been presented in both, the classical and the quantum context.
While the approaches and settings greatly differ from one to another, they all
appear to rely on the initial state being a thermal Gibbs state. Here, we
present an investigation of work distributions in driven isolated quantum
systems, starting off from pure states that are close to energy eigenstates of
the initial Hamiltonian. We find that, for the nonintegrable system in quest,
the Jarzynski equality is fulfilled to good accuracy.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Generation of coherent magnetic fields in sheared inhomogeneous turbulence: No need for rotation?
Coherent magnetic fields are often believed to be generated by the combination of stretching by differential rotation and turbulent amplification of magnetic field, via the so-called alpha effect. The latter is known to exist in helical turbulence, which is envisioned to arise due to both rotation and convection in solar-type stars. In this contribution, a turbulent flow driven by a nonhelical inhomogeneous forcing and its kinematic dynamo action are studied for a uniform magnetic field in the background of a linear shear flow. By using a quasilinear analysis and a nonperturbative method utilizing a time-dependent wave number, turbulence property and electromotive force are computed for arbitrary shear strength. Due to the large-scale shear flow, the turbulence is highly anisotropic, as a consequence, so is the electromotive force. The latter is found to exist even without rotation due to the combined effect of shear flow and inhomogeneous forcing, containing not only the alpha effect but also magnetic pumping (the gamma effect representing a transport of magnetic flux by turbulence). Specifically, without shear, only the magnetic pumping exists, aligned with the direction of inhomogeneity. For a weak but nonzero shear, the combined effects of shear and inhomogeneous forcing modify the structure of the magnetic pumping when the inhomogeneity is in the plane of the shear flow, the magnetic pumping becoming bidimensional in that plane. It also induces an alpha tensor which has nondiagonal components. When the inhomogeneity is perpendicular to the plane of the shear flow, the alpha effect has three nonzero diagonal components and one off-diagonal component. However, for a sufficiently strong shear, the gamma and alpha effects are suppressed due to shear stabilization which damps turbulence. A simplified dynamo model is then proposed where a large-scale dynamo arises due to the combined effect of shear flow and inhomogeneous forcing. In particular, the growth of a large-scale axisymmetric magnetic field is demonstrated in case of an inhomogeneity which is perpendicular to the plane of the shear flow. Interesting implications of these results for the structure of magnetic fields in star with slow rotation are discussed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3551700
Coulomb Distortion Effects for (e,e'p) Reactions at High Electron Energy
We report a significant improvement of an approximate method of including
electron Coulomb distortion in electron induced reactions at momentum transfers
greater than the inverse of the size of the target nucleus. In particular, we
have found a new parametrization for the elastic electron scattering phase
shifts that works well at all electron energies greater than 300 . As an
illustration, we apply the improved approximation to the reaction
from medium and heavy nuclei. We use a relativistic ``single particle'' model
for as as applied to and to recently measured data
at CEBAF on to investigate Coulomb distortion effects while
examining the physics of the reaction.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, PRC submitte
Quantum Decoherence at Finite Temperatures
We study measures of decoherence and thermalization of a quantum system
in the presence of a quantum environment (bath) . The whole system is
prepared in a canonical thermal state at a finite temperature. Applying
perturbation theory with respect to the system-environment coupling strength,
we find that under common Hamiltonian symmetries, up to first order in the
coupling strength it is sufficient to consider the uncoupled system to predict
decoherence and thermalization measures of . This decoupling allows closed
form expressions for perturbative expansions for the measures of decoherence
and thermalization in terms of the free energies of and of . Numerical
results for both coupled and decoupled systems with up to 40 quantum spins
validate these findings.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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