Study of fragmentation using clusterization algorithm with realistic binding energies

We here study fragmentation using \emph{simulated annealing clusterization algorithm} (SACA) with binding energy at a microscopic level. In an earlier version, a constant binding energy (4 MeV/nucleon) was used. We improve this binding energy criterion by calculating the binding energy of different clusters using modified Bethe-Weizs\"{a}cker mass (BWM) formula. We also compare our calculations with experimental data of ALADiN group. Nearly no effect is visible of this modification

From fusion to total disassembly: global stopping in heavy-ion collisions

Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we aim to investigate the emis- sion of light complex particles, and degree of stopping reached in heavy-ion colli- sions. We took incident energies between 50 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. In addition, central and peripheral collisions and different masses are also considered. We ob- serve that the light complex particles act in almost similar manner as anisotropic ratio. In other words, multiplicity of light complex particles is an indicator of global stopping in heavy-ion collisions. We see that maximum light complex particles and stopping is obtained for heavier masses in central collisions

Tunnel current in self-assembled monolayers of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane

The current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of self assembled monolayers of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) chemisorbed on the native oxide surface of p+-doped Si demonstrate the excellent tunnel dielectric behavior of organic monolayers down to 3 carbon atoms. The J-V characteristics of MPTMS SAMs on Si are found to be asymmetric, and the direction of rectification has been found to depend upon the applied voltage range. At voltages < 2.45V, the reverse bias current was found to be higher than forward bias current; while at higher voltages this trend was reversed. This result is in agreement with Simmons theory. The tunnel barrier heights for this short chain (2.56 and 2.14 eV respectively at Au and Si interfaces) are in good agreement with the ones for longer chains (>10 carbon atoms) if the chain is chemisorbed at the electrodes. These results extend all previous experiments on such molecular tunnel dielectrics down to 3 carbon atoms. This suggests that these molecular monolayers, having good tunnel behavior (up to 2.5 eV) over a large bias range, can be used as gate dielectric well below the limits of Si-based dielectrics.Comment: Small, in pres

Nutritional assessment of mutants of Calocybe indica produced by protoplast mutagenesis

Mushrooms are rich source of protein, minerals and antioxidants. Nutritive value of mushrooms differs not only among genus but also among species. Nutritional content of mushrooms are being constantly reported. In present study, emphasis is laid on effect of mutational study on nutritional parameters of mushroom. A total of seven mutants of Calocybe indica obtained through physical and chemical mutagenic treatment were subjected to nutritional evaluation. Five mutants (CMU-5, CMN-9, CMN-11, CMN-2 and CMB-4) indicated higher protein content while ash content was also found more for all the mutants except CMN-9. Tocopherol content was also higher for all the mutants except CMN-3. ?-carotene was more from 2 mutants, CMU-2 and CMN-9. Lycopene content was better in CMU-2, CMN-9, CME-2 and CMB-4 while ascorbic acid content for CMU-2 and CMN-3 was better than that of the parent. Fat content was found to be significantly low only in mutant CMN-9 (1.24g/100g). CMN-9, mutant obtained through NTG treatment, was found better than the parent, Ci-3, not only in protein content but also in amount of vitamin A, C and E. It is indicated from the study that mutagenesis which leads to genotypic variation has effect on biochemical aspects as well. Therefore, various genetic manipulations can be exploited for nutritional enhancement aspects which need to be emphasized keeping in view the need of food quality in today’s scenario

Integrating IT-Enabled Social Networks with Transaction Cost Economics and the Resource Based View of the Firm

Prior research has mostly focused on transaction cost economics (TCE) to interpret the effect of information systems (IS) on organizational governance structures. A TCE based approach predicts that information technology (IT) will lead to increased use of electronic markets to coordinate economic transactions from electronic hierarchies. However, there is contradictory evidence in the literature regarding the rise and importance of cooperative relationships, joint ventures, and value-added partnerships integrated through information systems. To reconcile these contradictions, this paper analyzes the effect of IT on governance structures based on the TCE, social network theory, and the resource based view (RBV) of the firm. The most important aspect of this paper is that instead of overemphasizing the economic perspective, as has been done in prior IS research, it pays equal attention to economic, social, and knowledge perspectives of the firm. By considering variables such as product demand uncertainty, human specificity, task complexity, and frequency of interaction, the effect of IT on governance structure has been analyzed. In this paper, we suggest that, in knowledge intensive companies, a greater degree of outsourcing will take place, not through markets as hypothesized by earlier researchers, but through an increasing number of social networks. This differentiation can not be understood in simple economic terms because social networks are not based on contracts. Therefore, we suggest that the integration of IT-enabled social networks with the TCE and RBV of the firm leads to a better understanding and improvement of decision-making and corporate governance structures in knowledge intensive firms

Cellular Metabolomics Profiles Associated With Drug Chemosensitivity in AML

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with a dismal prognosis. For over four decades, AML has primarily been treated by cytarabine combined with an anthracycline. Although a significant proportion of patients achieve remission with this regimen, roughly 40% of children and 70% of adults relapse. Over 90% of patients with resistant or relapsed AML die within 3 years. Thus, relapsed and resistant disease following treatment with standard therapy are the most common clinical failures that occur in treating this disease. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between AML cell line global metabolomes and variation in chemosensitivity.MethodsWe performed global metabolomics on seven AML cell lines with varying chemosensitivity to cytarabine and the anthracycline doxorubicin (MV4.11, KG-1, HL-60, Kasumi-1, AML-193, ME1, THP-1) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the metabolite peak intensity values from UHPLC-MS using MetaboAnalyst to identify cellular metabolites associated with drug chemosensitivity.ResultsA total of 1,624 metabolic features were detected across the leukemic cell lines. Of these, 187 were annotated to known metabolites. With respect to doxorubicin, we observed significantly greater abundance of a carboxylic acid (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) and several amino acids in resistant cell lines. Pathway analysis found enrichment of several amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. For cytarabine resistance, nine annotated metabolites were significantly different in resistance vs. sensitive cell lines, including D-raffinose, guanosine, inosine, guanine, aldopentose, two xenobiotics (allopurinol and 4-hydroxy-L-phenylglycine) and glucosamine/mannosamine. Pathway analysis associated these metabolites with the purine metabolic pathway.ConclusionOverall, our results demonstrate that metabolomics differences contribute toward drug resistance. In addition, it could potentially identify predictive biomarkers for chemosensitivity to various anti-leukemic drugs. Our results provide opportunity to further explore these metabolites in patient samples for association with clinical response

Amiodarone Toxicity: A Case Report

Amiodarone is one of the commonly used drug in arrhythmias. It is first line of treatment for ventricular tachycardia particularly in treatment of supraventicular tachycardia like atrial fibrillation. Amiodarone has a wide range of adverse effects ranging from endocrine to cardiac system. A case of raised thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)&nbsp; with amiodarone was reported in our Adverse drug&nbsp; monitoring centre (AMC), in which several other adverse events such as raised raised billirubin and hyponatremia were present. Patient was treated with thyroxine while amiodarone along with atorvastatin and metoprolol were withdrawn. We present a case who developed subclinical hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalance and liver dysfunction with amiodarone therapy

The electroweak mixing angle in unified gauge theories

We study in detail the factors that influence the unification relations among the coupling parameters of strong and electroweak interactions. We find that the factor that decides the unification relations in a theory is the fermion content of the theory. The specific 'observed' group of strong and electroweak interactions used and the specific unification group in which these interactions are embedded are largely irrelevant. In particular, we find that the unification value of the electroweak mixing angle is the same for almost all models of interest. We also explicitly illustrate that the canonical value 3/8 of the mixing angle is a characteristic result of the currently popular sequential doublets scheme of fermions. Addition of extra fermion singlets reduces the mixing angle to ¼. We propose this sequential triplets scheme of fermions as an interesting alternative to the current scheme

An atypical adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in the mandible: a report of a paediatric case

An adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a rare odontogenic tumour that is often misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. To acquire additional information about AOT, all reports regarding AOT that had been cited in ‘Pub Med’ since 1990 onwards were reviewed. AOT accounts for about 1–9% of all odontogenic tumours. It is predominantly found in young and female patients, is located more often in the maxilla, and in most cases is associated with an unerupted permanent tooth. The differential diagnosis between AOT and other odontogenic tumours such as ameloblastoma should be well made to avoid extensive ablative surgery. However, AOT frequently resembles other odontogenic lesions such as dentigerous cysts or ameloblastoma. Immunohistochemically, AOT is characterized by positive reactions with certain cytokeratins. For illustration a rare case of an AOT in the mandible is presented that had atypical findings such as buccolingual cortical perforation and resorption with displacement of adjoining teeth.Keywords: adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic tumor, paediatric cas

Nonlinear Relationship between Birth Weight and Visceral Fat in Adolescents

To determine the association of birth weight with abdominal fat distribution and markers known to increase risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adolescents