<em>Marichromatium indicum</em> sp. nov., a new purple sulfur Gammaproteobacterium from mangroves of Goa, India

A reddish-brown bacterium was isolated from photoheterotrophic enrichments of mangrove soil from the western coast of India, in a medium that contained 10 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA100T clusters with species of the genus Marichromatium of the class ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. Cells of strain JA100T are Gram-negative, motile rods with monopolar single flagella; they require NaCl, the optimum concentration being 1–4 %, and tolerate concentrations up to 13 %. The strain has vesicular internal membrane structures, bacteriochlorophyll a and, most probably, carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. No growth factors are required. A reduced sulfur source is required for growth, and, during growth on reduced sulfur sources as electron donors, sulfur is intermediately deposited as a single large granule within the cell. Strain JA100T could not grow at the expense of other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, except malate. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and its morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA100T is sufficiently different from other Marichromatium species to justify its designation as a novel species, for which the name Marichromatium indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA100T (=DSM 15907T=ATCC BAA-741T=JCM 12653T)

Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus sp.nov., an aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading purple betaproteobacterium

A brown-coloured bacterium was isolated from photoheterotrophic (benzoate) enrichments of flooded paddy soil from Andhra Pradesh, India. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JA2(T) was shown to belong to the class Betaproteobacteria, related to Rubrivivax gelatinosus (99 % sequence similarity). Cells of strain JA2(T) are Gram-negative, motile rods with monopolar single flagella. The strain contained bacteriochlorophyll a and most probably the carotenoids spirilloxanthin and sphaeroidene, but did not have internal membrane structures. Intact cells had absorption maxima at 378, 488, 520, 590, 802 and 884 nm. No growth factors were required. Strain JA2(T) grew on benzoate, 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilate), 4-aminobenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, phenylalanine, trans-cinnamate, benzamide, salicylate, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane-2-carboxylate as carbon sources and/or electron donors. The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. Based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA2(T) is different from representatives of other photosynthetic species of the Betaproteobacteria and was recognised as representing a novel species, for which the name Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA2(T) (=ATCC BAA-35(T)=JCM 13220(T)=MTCC 7087(T))

<span style="font-size: 21.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; color:black">Photobiodegradation of pyridine by <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris </i>JAI </span>

967-970<span style="font-size: 15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";="" color:black"="">A purple non-sulfur bacterium isolated from dairy effluent was identified as Rps. palustris JA1. This organism was able to grow on pyridine as sole source of carbon in a light dependent anaerobic process with a doubling time of 30 h. Intermediates of pyridine photobiodegradation were identified as glycine and malonate, produced in stoichiometric molar ratios with simultaneous utilization, yielding biomass.<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:black"> </span

Phytonematode Diversity in Tomato Crops of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Comprehensive Survey, Distribution, and Community Analysis

The present study was undertaken to analyze the distribution and community analysis of important plant parasitic nematodes associated with the vegetable crop tomato in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh. The study revealed that maximum infestation is observed in somala mandal and least in Chowdepalle mandals of Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh. Plant parasitic nematodes viz., Meloidogyne incognita, Hoplolaimus spp., and Tylenchorynchus spp. etc. was found to be associated with tomato crops. It has been observed that M. incognita population was found to be maximum in tomato crops at Chittoor Districts of Andhra pradesh. The prominence value was found to be maximum for root knot nematode in tomato crops having 8.76/200 cc. The data also revealed that M. incognita absolute frequency in tomato was 100% and absolute density is around 87.60% while the genera Hoplolaimus showed the least occurrence frequency of 40% and absolute density of 1.56%. From these studies it can be interpreted that M. incognita is most predominant nematode and cause damage substantially to tomato crop grown in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh