Projeto de educação ambiental: "conhecendo a anta, o gigante perdido de nossas florestas" projeto de reintrodução da tapir na província de Tucumán, Argentina

Tapir reintroduction project is carried out by Horco Molle Experimental Reserve, belonging to the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Miguel Lillo Institute of the National University of Tucumán. It aims to return the tapir, a species that has been extinct for more than 70 years, into the Tucumán province. One of the project's success indicators is the society support, for which an environmental education program was designed. It provides activities adapted to different ages and educational levels and seeks to arouse curiosity about this megamammal. The program has been in operation since 2009, regaining strength in recent years due to the first releases. During the years 2021 and 2022, various activities were carried out, including a television concert, the first tapir`s Marathon, social networks interventions, a drawing contest, an animated short film and audiovisual talks/workshops in educational establishments. The society was very interested in the possibility of having tapirs again in the province. However, there is still much ignorance about the tapir, which highlights the need for the educational system to strengthen issues related to native biodiversity.  El proyecto de reintroducción del tapir es ejecutado por la Reserva Experimental de Horco Molle, perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Pretende devolver a las Yungas de la provincia de Tucumán al tapir, especie extinta hace más de 70. Uno de los indicadores de éxito del proyecto es la adhesión de la sociedad, para lo cual se diseñó un programa de educación ambiental. El mismo prevé actividades adaptadas a diferentes edades y niveles educativos y busca despertar curiosidad por este megamamífero. El programa funciona desde el año 2009, retomando fuerza en los últimos años de cara a las primeras liberaciones. Durante los años 2021 y 2022 se realizaron diversas actividades entre las que destacan un concierto televisivo, la I Maratón por el Tapir, intervenciones en redes sociales, un concurso de dibujo, un cortometraje animado y charlas/talleres audiovisuales en establecimientos educativos. La sociedad se mostró muy interesada con la posibilidad de volver a tener tapires en la provincia. Sin embargo, aún hay mucho desconocimiento sobre el tapir, lo cual pone en evidencia la necesidad de que el sistema educativo fortalezca temas vinculados a la biodiversidad nativa.  O projeto de reintrodução da anta é realizado pela Reserva Experimental Horco Molle, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Naturais e Instituto Miguel Lillo da Universidade Nacional de Tucumán. O objetivo é devolver a anta às Yungas da província de Tucumán, espécie extinta há mais de 70 anos. Um dos indicadores do sucesso do projeto é o apoio da sociedade, para o qual foi elaborado um programa de educação ambiental. Proporciona atividades adaptadas a diferentes idades e níveis de escolaridade e procura despertar a curiosidade sobre este megamamífero. O programa está em funcionamento desde 2009, ganhando força nos últimos anos diante dos primeiros lançamentos. Durante os anos de 2021 e 2022 foram realizadas diversas atividades, entre as quais: um concerto televisivo, a primeira maratona da Anta, intervenções nas redes sociais, concurso de desenho, curta-metragem de animação e palestras audiovisuais em estabelecimentos de ensino. A sociedade estava muito interessada na possibilidade de voltar a ter antas na província. No entanto, ainda há muito desconhecimento sobre a espécie, o que evidencia a necessidade do sistema educacional fortalecer as questões relacionadas à biodiversidade nativa

Next-generation sequencing in bone marrow failure syndromes and isolated cytopenias: experience of the spanish network on bone marrow failure sundromes

© 2021 the Author(s).Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of congenital rare diseases characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, high genetic heterogeneity, and predisposition to cancer. Appropriate treatment and cancer surveillance ideally depend on the identification of the mutated gene. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of genes could be 1 initial genetic screening test to be carried out in a comprehensive study of IBMFSs, allowing molecular detection in affected patients. We designed 2 NGS panels of IBMFS genes: version 1 included 129 genes and version 2 involved 145 genes. The cohort included a total of 204 patients with suspected IBMFSs without molecular diagnosis. Capture-based targeted sequencing covered > 99% of the target regions of 145 genes, with more than 20 independent reads. No differences were seen between the 2 versions of the panel. The NGS tool allowed a total of 91 patients to be diagnosed, with an overall molecular diagnostic rate of 44%. Among the 167 patients with classified IBMFSs, 81 patients (48%) were diagnosed. Unclassified IBMFSs involved a total of 37 patients, of whom 9 patients (24%) were diagnosed. The preexisting diagnosis of 6 clinically classified patients (6%) was amended, implying a change of therapy for some of them. Our NGS IBMFS gene panel assay is a useful tool in the molecular diagnosis of IBMFSs and a reasonable option as the first tier genetic test in these disorders

El grupu neandertal de la Cueva d'El Sidrón (Borines, Piloña).

Na monografía clásica de Puig y Larraz (1896: 250-252) amiéntense delles cavidaes del Conceyu de Piloña2 , pero non la Cueva d’El Sidrón (Fig. 1). Esta conocíase, ensin dulda, dende la Guerra Civil y el maquis al servir d’abellugu a persiguíos políticos, y guarda una alcordanza imborrable nuna de les sos múltiples entraes, yá qu’ellí ta enterrada Olvido Otero González (1908-1938). Per El Sidrón pasaron munches persones a lo llargo de los años, pero en 1994 prodúxose’l descubrimientu per parte d’unos espeleólogos xixoneses d’unos güesos humanos que dieron un importante xiru a la conocencia de los nuesos antepasaos neandertale

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Reintroducción del tapir (Tapirus terrestris) en Tucumán (Argentina)

El tapir ha perdido más del 60 % de su área de distribución histórica en Argentina. Es una especie que podría desempeñar un papel importante en la estructura de los bosques donde habita. La Universidad Nacional de Tucumán posee dos reservas que son las áreas naturales mejor protegidas de la provincia. En la Reserva Experimental Horco Molle se mantiene un programa de cría en semicautividad del tapir desde hace 10 años, junto a programas de educación ambiental. Por otro lado, en la Reserva Universitaria Sierra de San Javier se pretende la reintroducción de la especie siguiendo las pautas y recomendaciones internacionales de reintroducción de animales silvestres

GRASP algorithm for the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with setup times and additional resources

[EN] This paper provides practitioners with new approaches for solving realistic scheduling problems that consider additional resources, which can be implemented on expert and intelligent systems and help decision making in realistic settings. More specifically, we study the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with setup times and additional limited resources in the setups (UPMSR-S), with makespan minimization criterion. This is a more realistic extension of the traditional problem, in which the setups are assumed to be done without using additional resources (e.g. workers). We propose three metaheuristics following two approaches: a first approach that ignores the information about additional resources in the constructive phase, and a second approach that takes into account this information about the resources. Computational experiments are carried out over a benchmark of small and large instances. After the computational analysis we conclude that the second approach shows an excellent performance, overcoming the first approach.The first three authors would like to acknowledge the support from Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y competitividad" throughout grant number MTM2016-74983 and grant "SCHEYARD - Optimization of Scheduling Problems in Container Yards" (No. DPI2015-65895-R), financed by FEDER funds, the support from "Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades" under grant "Optimizacion de Operaciones en Terminales Portuarias (OPTEP)" (No.RTI2018-094940-B-100). Thanks are also due to the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia under grant SP20180164 of the program Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia. Juan C. Yepes-Borrero acknowledges financial support by the El Instituto Colombiano de Credit Educativo y Estudios Tecnicos en el Exterior - ICETEX under program Pasaporte a la ciencia - Doctorado. Special thanks are due to two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.Yepes-Borrero, JC.; Villa Juliá, MF.; Perea Rojas Marcos, F.; Caballero-Villalobos, JP. (2020). GRASP algorithm for the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with setup times and additional resources. Expert Systems with Applications. 141:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112959S11214

Assessing the taxonomic status of the Gray Brocket Mazama simplicicornis argentina Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)

Mazama simplicicornis argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species Subulo gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of M. simplicicornis argentina through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of M. simplicicornis argentina showed a great similarity with the S. gouazoubira neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentinatopotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial ND5 and Cytb gene) allocated the M. simplicicornis argentina specimens in the monophyletic clade of S. gouazoubira with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as M. simplicicornis argentina should be recognized as S. gouazoubira

Assessing the taxonomic status of the Gray Brocket Mazama simplicicornis argentina Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)

Mazama simplicicornis argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species Subulo gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of M. simplicicornis argentina through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of M. simplicicornis argentina showed a great similarity with the S. gouazoubira neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentinatopotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial ND5 and Cytb gene) allocated the M. simplicicornis argentina specimens in the monophyletic clade of S. gouazoubira with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as M. simplicicornis argentina should be recognized as S. gouazoubira

Fotografía en la colección de arte contemporáneo de la Universidad de Granada

La serie editorial de Cuadernos Técnicos del Patrimonio surge debido a la necesidad de dotar al Vicerrectorado de Extensión Universitaria de publicaciones que aborden aspectos patrimoniales en relación con cuestiones de carácter transversal y que sirvan de vehículo de difusión y diálogo de las distintas colecciones que conforman el rico acervo universitario. El objetivo es convertir estos Cuadernos en un espacio de reflexión y debate sobre temas relacionados con la conservación, la restauración, la gestión, la difusión y la puesta en valor de los bienes muebles e inmuebles de la Universidad de Granada en toda su amplitud. No se plantean con un enfoque exclusivamente local pues su intención es abrirse a distintas problemáticas patrimoniales y convertirse en un instrumento que integre estudios de carácter nacional e internacional. Asimismo, entendemos que al Patrimonio hay que afrontarlo desde una perspectiva histórica pero también actual y en diálogo con la compleja realidad social