Un PSC à l’épreuve de la rénovation : accomplissement et dépassement

Élaboré dès 2001, le Projet Scientifique et Culturel du musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon a servi de base au lancement du chantier de rénovation de l’établissement. Aujourd’hui, la nécessité d’un nouveau PSC se fait sentir, notamment pour redéfinir les grands axes de développement dans le cadre de la politique culturelle de la municipalité : la responsable du musée décline ici toutes les étapes de l’opération, pointant les adaptations et changements d’orientation

Adhesion of Human Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus to Cervical and Vaginal Cells and Interaction with Vaginosis-Associated Pathogens

Objectives. The ability of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain (Lcr35) to adhere to cervical and vaginal cells and to affect the viability of two main vaginosis-associated pathogens, Prevotella bivia, Gardnerella vaginalis, as well as Candida albicans was investigated. Methods. Adhesion ability was determined in vitro with immortalized epithelial cells from the endocervix, ectocervix, and vagina. Coculture experiments were performed to count viable pathogens cells in the presence of Lcr35. Results. Lcr35 was able to specifically and rapidly adhere to the three cell lines. In coculture assays, a decrease in pathogen cell division rate was observed as from 4 hours of incubation and bactericidal activity after a longer period of incubation, mostly with P. bivia. Conclusion. The ability of Lcr35 to adhere to cervicovaginal cells and its antagonist activities against vaginosis-associated pathogens suggest that this probiotic strain is a promising candidate for use in therapy

Les relations ville-port selon une approche d’écologie territoriale : le cas de Montréal

Les villes et les ports entretiennent un lien historique très étroit, qui s’est profondément modifié depuis la seconde moitié du XXème siècle, et particulièrement depuis les années 1990. Leurs relations se sont alors complexifiées, connaissant une hausse des conflits. Les profondes mutations qu’ont connues les relations ville-port ont eu des répercussions sur les enjeux empiriques et théoriques de ce champ de recherche, rendant nécessaire une nouvelle approche et un nouveau modèle. Notre objectif de recherche a donc été de développer un nouveau modèle des relations ville-port basé sur une approche d’écologie territoriale. Il s’agit d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour les décideurs urbains et portuaires. Les études successives des vulnérabilités de la ville, du port et de l’interface issues des différents processus ont ainsi été intégrées dans un système socio-écologique. Notre analyse considère la ville portuaire de Montréal, dont les processus à l’œuvre à l’interface ville-port – processus de gouvernance, processus économiques, socio-spatiaux et environnementaux – apparaissent pertinents pour valider un modèle de conciliation des enjeux théoriques et empiriques tant urbains que portuaires. Les résultats suggèrent d’importantes vulnérabilités dans tous les processus, mais tout particulièrement la gouvernance. Par ailleurs, les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux peinent à trouver leur place face aux considérations économiques, ce qui est renforcé par la difficulté des territoires à s’imposer face aux enjeux globaux jugés supérieurs. Nous pensons qu’une démarche d’écologie territoriale est un moyen pour les villes et les ports de cohabiter et de tirer avantage des processus globaux. L’originalité de notre recherche est de renouveler l’approche du champ des relations ville –port, introduisant pour la première fois une démarche d’écologie politique et territoriale dans la géographie des transports. L’utilisation de la théorie des systèmes socio-écologiques est nouvelle dans ce champ de recherche. C’est l’occasion de documenter les enjeux empiriques depuis les années 1990 et de concevoir un nouveau modèle, qualitatif, apte à analyser les enjeux théoriques renouvelés.Cities and ports share strong historical ties. Those ties have deeply evolved since the second half of the 20th century, especially since the 1990s. Their relationships have become more complex with increasing conflicts. The deep mutations of the city-port relationships have had a great impact on both empirical and theoretical issues of geography. A new approach and a new model are suggested. Our research objective is to develop a new city-port relationship model based on territorial ecology. It is a decision-making support tool for urban and port decision-makers. Successive studies of city, port and vulnerabilities of their relationships are integrated in a Socio-Ecological System. Our analysis focuses on the city-port of Montreal. The processes running at the port-city interface – governance, economic, socio-spatial and environmental processes – are used to validate a model reconciling theoretical and empirical issues, both city and port related. Results suggest important vulnerabilities in all processes, but most importantly in governance. Environmental and social issues are eclipsed by economic considerations. This phenomenon is reinforced by the fact that it is difficult for territories to challenge dominance of global issues. We believe that a territorial ecology approach is a means for ports and cities to co-exist and take advantage of global processes. The innovative point in our research lies in the renewal of the city-port relationship field of study, introducing a territorial and political ecology approach in transport geography. The use of Socio-Ecological Systems theory allows documenting empirical issues of city-port relations in Montreal since the 1990s and the conception of a new model capable of providing renewed theoretical issues

Autour du « Puits de Moïse ».Pour une nouvelle approche

À l’occasion de l’exposition présentée au Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon , puis au Museum of Arts de Cleveland, Sophie Jugie et Stephen N. Fliegel avaient rouvert un certain nombre de dossiers autour de la création artistique des années 1400, très bien connus par ailleurs, mais jamais approfondis ainsi de manière scientifique. À partir de l’étude des polychromies et des travaux de restauration menés sur le Puits de Moïse de Claus Sluter (Haarlem, vers 1340/1350, mort à Dijon 1405/1406), au cro..

Autour du « Puits de Moïse ». Pour une nouvelle approche

À l’occasion de l’exposition présentée au musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon , puis au Museum of Arts de Cleveland, Sophie Jugie et Stephen N. Fliegel avaient rouvert un certain nombre de dossiers autour de la création artistique des années 1400, très bien connus par ailleurs, mais jamais approfondis ainsi de manière scientifique. À partir de l’étude des polychromies et des travaux de restauration menés sur le Puits de Moïse de Claus Sluter – mort à Dijon en 1406 –, au croisement d’enquêtes nouvel..

Where to find 1.5 million year old ice for the IPICS “Oldest Ice” ice core

The recovery of a 1.5 million yr long ice core from Antarctica represents a keystone of our understanding of Quaternary climate, the progression of glaciation over this time period and the role of greenhouse gas cycles in this progression. Here we tackle the question of where such ice may still be found in the Antarctic ice sheet. We can show that such old ice is most likely to exist in the plateau area of the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) without stratigraphic disturbance and should be able to be recovered after careful pre-site selection studies. Based on a simple ice and heat flow model and glaciological observations, we conclude that positions in the vicinity of major domes and saddle position on the East Antarctic Plateau will most likely have such old ice in store and represent the best study areas for dedicated reconnaissance studies in the near future. In contrast to previous ice core drill site selections, however, we strongly suggest significantly reduced ice thickness to avoid bottom melting. For example for the geothermal heat flux and accumulation conditions at Dome C, an ice thickness lower than but close to about 2500 m would be required to find 1.5 Myr old ice (i.e., more than 700 m less than at the current EPICA Dome C drill site). Within this constraint, the resolution of an Oldest-Ice record and the distance of such old ice to the bedrock should be maximized to avoid ice flow disturbances, for example, by finding locations with minimum geothermal heat flux. As the geothermal heat flux is largely unknown for the EAIS, this parameter has to be carefully determined beforehand. In addition, detailed bedrock topography and ice flow history has to be reconstructed for candidates of an Oldest-Ice ice coring site. Finally, we argue strongly for rapid access drilling before any full, deep ice coring activity commences to bring datable samples to the surface and to allow an age check of the oldest ice

Where to find 1.5 million yr old ice for the IPICS “Oldest-Ice” ice core

The recovery of a 1.5 million yr long ice core from Antarctica represents a keystone of our understanding of Quaternary climate, the progression of glaciation over this time period and the role of greenhouse gas cycles in this progression. Here we tackle the question of where such ice may still be found in the Antarctic ice sheet. We can show that such old ice is most likely to exist in the plateau area of the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) without stratigraphic disturbance and should be able to be recovered after careful pre-site selection studies. Based on a simple ice and heat flow model and glaciological observations, we conclude that positions in the vicinity of major domes and saddle position on the East Antarctic Plateau will most likely have such old ice in store and represent the best study areas for dedicated reconnaissance studies in the near future. In contrast to previous ice core drill site selections, however, we strongly suggest significantly reduced ice thickness to avoid bottom melting. For example for the geothermal heat flux and accumulation conditions at Dome C, an ice thickness lower than but close to about 2500 m would be required to find 1.5 Myr old ice (i.e., more than 700 m less than at the current EPICA Dome C drill site). Within this constraint, the resolution of an Oldest-Ice record and the distance of such old ice to the bedrock should be maximized to avoid ice flow disturbances, for example, by finding locations with minimum geothermal heat flux. As the geothermal heat flux is largely unknown for the EAIS, this parameter has to be carefully determined beforehand. In addition, detailed bedrock topography and ice flow history has to be reconstructed for candidates of an Oldest-Ice ice coring site. Finally, we argue strongly for rapid access drilling before any full, deep ice coring activity commences to bring datable samples to the surface and to allow an age check of the oldest ice