Agrarian way

My thesis is really in three fold. Since my work has its origin in the recollections of my earliest childhood memories, I will explain how the pieces in my show are a result of those early memories. Next I will explore how the pieces I design are influenced by my childhood observations and experiences with farm life and agrarian equipment. Finally, I will consider the direction of my future work, and how it can continue to grow and mature

A genetically encoded tool for reconstituting synthetic modulatory neurotransmission and reconnect neural circuits in vivo

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hawk, J. D., Wisdom, E. M., Sengupta, T., Kashlan, Z. D., & Colon-Ramos, D. A. A genetically encoded tool for reconstituting synthetic modulatory neurotransmission and reconnect neural circuits in vivo. Nature Communications, 12(1), (2021): 4795, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24690-9.Chemogenetic and optogenetic tools have transformed the field of neuroscience by facilitating the examination and manipulation of existing circuits. Yet, the field lacks tools that enable rational rewiring of circuits via the creation or modification of synaptic relationships. Here we report the development of HySyn, a system designed to reconnect neural circuits in vivo by reconstituting synthetic modulatory neurotransmission. We demonstrate that genetically targeted expression of the two HySyn components, a Hydra-derived neuropeptide and its receptor, creates de novo neuromodulatory transmission in a mammalian neuronal tissue culture model and functionally rewires a behavioral circuit in vivo in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. HySyn can interface with existing optogenetic, chemogenetic and pharmacological approaches to functionally probe synaptic transmission, dissect neuropeptide signaling, or achieve targeted modulation of specific neural circuits and behaviors.This work was initiated in the Grass Laboratory at the Marine Biological Laboratories (MBL) with funding through a Grass Fellowship awarded to J.D.H. Thanks to Richard Goodman (OHSU) for encouragement during the conceptualization of the fellowship application, and the 2019 Grass Fellows, Mel Coleman (Grass Director), and Christophe Dupré (Associate Director) for advice and support during the summer fellowship. We thank the MBL Division of Education and participants in the Vendor Equipment Loan Program. Special thanks to Sutter Instruments, who generously provided all electrophysiology equipment and substantial on-site assistance, and Zeiss, who provided on-site assistance at MBL. We thank Zhao-Wen Wang and Ping Liu (UConn) for guidance and training in patch-clamp electrophysiology, as well as providing Neuro2a cells. We thank Rob Steele (UCI) for supplying Hydra, as well as advice and inspiration on Hydra biology. We thank members of the Colón-Ramos lab and Hari Shroff (NIH) for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. We thank Michael Koelle and Andrew Olson (Yale University) for advice and reagents regarding serotonin rewiring experiments. We also thank Steve Flavell (MIT) for ideas and reagents regarding the experiments associated with del-7. We thank Life Science Editors for editing assistance. D.A.C.-R. is an MBL Fellow. Research in the D.A.C.-R. lab was supported by NIH R01NS076558, DP1NS111778, and by an HHMI Scholar Award

The dynamics of self-gravity wakes in the Mimas 5:3 bending wave: modifying the linear theory

The satellite Mimas launches a bending wave -- a warping of the rings that propagates radially through self-gravity -- at the 5:3 inner vertical resonance with Saturn's rings. We present a modification of the linear bending wave theory which includes the effects of satellite self-gravity wakes on the particles in the wave. We show that, when treated as rigid, these wakes generate an extra layer of particles whose number density is proportional to the magnitude of the slope of the warped ring. Using a ray-tracing code we compare our predictions with those of linear bending wave theory and with 60 stellar occultations observed by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) and find that the extra layer of particles of our perturbed bending wave model has a considerable explanatory power for the UVIS dataset. Our best model explains the most discrepant and surprising features of the Mimas 5:3 bending wave; the enhancement of the signal for the cases of occultations with high ring opening angle and the bigger-than-expected viscosity, $\nu = 576 \, \mathrm{cm^2/s}$, which is more than double the viscosity computed from density waves. This shows that self-gravity wakes can be effective at transporting angular momentum in a vertically perturbed disk. Relative to neighboring density waves, we find a lower-than-expected value for the surface mass density, $\sigma = 36.7 \, \mathrm{g/cm^2}$, which suggests that the enhanced viscous interactions may be transporting material into the surrounding regions.Comment: 33 pages, 14 figure

Can Red Clay Go Green? Adapting Law and Policy in the Face of Climate Change, 20th Annual Red Clay Conference

Program for the 20th Annual Red Clay Conference held Friday, April 4, 2008 at the University of Georgia School of Law\u27s Dean Rusk Hall

The combined effects of coping and pain interference on army readiness

IntroductionChronic pain and associated interference with daily activities are common in the military and impact Force readiness. Chronic pain affects one-third of service members and is a leading cause of medical non-readiness (MNR) in the military. Research suggests that underlying psychological mechanisms related to trait coping styles and pain interference (PI) affect functional outcomes, but little research exists examining this relationship within an Army population. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of PI and coping on U.S. Army soldier readiness by using annual well-being data from the Global Assessment Tool (GAT) and medical non-readiness (MNR) based on duty restriction records.MethodsThe sample comprised 866,379 soldiers who completed the GAT between 2014 and 2017 with no duty restrictions at the time of baseline GAT completion; subjects were observed through 2018 for duty restrictions. Parametric survival regression models with a Weibull distribution predicted demographic-adjusted hazards of MNR by dichotomized PI (no PI/PI) and beneficial/non-beneficial use of GAT coping components (good coping, bad coping, catastrophizing-flexibility, and catastrophizing-hopelessness). Incident MNR was evaluated for all duty restrictions, and stratified by selected body systems (upper extremity, lower extremity, psychiatric).ResultsAmong soldiers with PI, hazards were higher in those reporting non-beneficial coping styles (bad coping, hopelessness) and lower in those reporting beneficial coping styles (good coping, flexibility). Across all coping styles, PI/coping interactions were particularly strong for catastrophizing-hopelessness and when examining MNR from psychiatric conditions.DiscussionThese findings suggest some synergistic associations between pain and coping that may impact pain-related occupational disability. Coping skills may be an effective interventional target for chronic pain reduction/prevention within military programs, such as the Master Resilience Training Course offered to soldiers in the Army. Further research should assess whether early coping style interventions can reduce pain-related outcomes

Star Formation at 4<z<64 < z < 6 From the Spitzer Large Area Survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam (SPLASH)

Using the first 50% of data collected for the Spitzer Large Area Survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam (SPLASH) observations on the 1.8 deg$^2$ Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) we estimate the masses and star formation rates of 3398 $M_*>10^{10}M_\odot$ star-forming galaxies at $4 < z < 6$ with a substantial population up to $M_* \gtrsim 10^{11.5} M_\odot$. We find that the strong correlation between stellar mass and star formation rate seen at lower redshift (the "main sequence" of star-forming galaxies) extends to $z\sim6$. The observed relation and scatter is consistent with a continued increase in star formation rate at fixed mass in line with extrapolations from lower-redshift observations. It is difficult to explain this continued correlation, especially for the most massive systems, unless the most massive galaxies are forming stars near their Eddington-limited rate from their first collapse. Furthermore, we find no evidence for moderate quenching at higher masses, indicating quenching either has not occurred prior to $z \sim 6$ or else occurs rapidly, so that few galaxies are visible in transition between star-forming and quenched.Comment: ApJL, accepte