O jardim dos caminhos que se bifurcam: relação com a escola de jovens de segmentos populares.

O presente estudo investiga a trajetória escolar de egressos de um Programa de Inclusão de Jovens, buscando identificar as questões que levam milhões de jovens brasileiros a se matricularem e não permanecerem na escola até o fim do ano letivo. Foram entrevistados 19 egressos do Programa, que após a conclusão do ensino fundamental, se matricularam no ensino médio, nas cidades baianas de Juazeiro, Salvador e Vitória da Conquista. Além de entrevista semiestuturada, utilizou-se de grupos focais para a coleta de dados. Dentre os sujeitos de pesquisa, observou-se a hegemonia das mulheres, mães, com idade acima de 25 anos, com histórico escolar de abandono, que decidem retomar sua formação escolar, motivadas pelas demandas por melhores condições de vida e trabalho, preocupadas em ser um exemplo positivo para sua prole. As análises indicam ser possível pensar uma permanência por períodos determinados de tempo e não de forma estável e linear como idealizado pelas políticas educacionais tradicionais, transpondo para a Educação o que Machado Pais (2001) chamou de “trajetória io io” quando se refere as experiências no mundo do trabalho da juventude atual, diferenciando-se de gerações anteriores, que vivenciaram experiências de maior estabilidade

Meritocrática ou Reparadora: uma discussão sobre a responsabilidade social da pós-graduação.

A ocupação e o destino de doutores e mestres podem ser bons indicadores do grau de compromisso social da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira. Quadros profissionais altamente titulados para regiões pouco desenvolvidas e ocupados com os processos formativos e de produção de conhecimento e tecnologia podem indicar um caminho para a redução das desigualdades regionais e microrregionais e o desenvolvimento das potencialidades econômicas e sociais locais, reforçando a imagem de uma universidade pública socialmente responsável. O presente estudo investigou a inserção e o destino de egressos dos cursos de doutorado e de mestrado da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal da Bahia com o propósito de descobrir se (e como) seus cursos estão contribuindo para a promoção da equidade. A fonte principal de dados foi a plataforma lattes do CNPq. Os resultados indicam uma forte inserção de egressos no sistema público de ensino; um destino predominante em instituições das regiões mais pobres do Brasil, do interior da Bahia; a constituição de novos e a ampliação de antigos grupos de pesquisas; a organização e o fortalecimento de novos programas de formação pós-graduada latu e stricto sensu. Estes achados configuram o Programa como um instrumento de promoção de equidade no ensino e na pesquisa

Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrate-active enzymes incorporation on plasma metabolites and liver lipid composition of broilers

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesBackground: Chlorella vulgaris has been proposed as a sustainable green feedstock in poultry nutrition due to its ease of cultivation, minimal environmental impact and balanced nutritional composition. However, the majority of studies documents the use of C. vulgaris as a dietary supplement in broilers instead of a feed ingredient. To the best of our knowledge, no report has shown the effect of a high-level incorporation (>2 % in the diet) of C. vulgaris on plasma metabolites and hepatic lipid composition of broilers. One hundred and twenty Ross 308 male birds were housed in 40 wired-floor cages and randomly distributed by the following experimental diets at 22 days of age (n = 10) during 15 days: (1) a corn-soybean meal based diet (control); (2) based diet with 10% of C. vulgaris; (3) diet 2 supplemented with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP; and (4) diet 2 supplemented with 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture. Results: The inclusion of C. vulgaris at 10% in the diet, regardless of the presence of exogenous CAZymes, changed plasma metabolites but did not compromise broilers growth. Plasma total lipids increased in broilers fed C. vulgaris combined with the two feed CAZymes (p < 0.001) compared with the control diet. Moreover, the supplementation with Rovabio® increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, while the addition of the four-CAZyme mixture increased triacylglycerols, VLDL-cholesterol and ALP activity. In opposition, HDL-cholesterol levels decreased in broilers fed microalga alone (p = 0.002). Regarding hepatic composition, the inclusion of C. vulgaris in broiler diets, individually or combined with exogenous CAZymes, had a minor effect on fatty acids but improved the n-6/n-3 ratio and total carotenoids. Conclusions: In summary, the inclusion of a high level (10%) of C. vulgaris in broiler´s diet, regardless of the presence of exogenous CAZymes, improved hepatic antioxidant composition and did not impair broiler’s performance. In addition, the feed supplementation with CAZymes increased broilers lipemia. Therefore, dietary C. vulgaris at this incorporation level seems to be safe for animal health and do not compromise performance traits, with no need of CAZymes supplementation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quality Traits and Nutritional Value of Pork and Poultry Meat from Animals Fed with Seaweeds

ReviewSeaweeds have caught the attention of the scientific community in recent years. Their production can mitigate the negative impact of anthropogenic activity and their use in animal nutrition reduces the dependency on conventional crops such as maize and soybean meal. In the context of monogastric animals, novel approaches have made it possible to optimise their use in feed, namely polysaccharide extraction, biomass fermentation, enzymatic processing, and feed supplementation with carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Their bioactive properties make them putative candidates as feed ingredients that enhance meat quality traits, such as lipid oxidation, shelf-life, and meat colour. Indeed, they are excellent sources of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and pigments that can be transferred to the meat of monogastric animals. However, their nutritional composition is highly variable, depending on species, harvesting region, local pollution, and harvesting season, among other factors. In this review, we assess the current use and challenges of using seaweeds in pig and poultry diets, envisaging to improve meat quality and its nutritional valueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise Fatorial por Meio da Matriz de Correlação de Pearson e Policórica no Campo das Cisternas

A partir da pesquisa realizada em cinco municípios do semiárido baiano sobre o uso e funcionamento do sistema de captação da água de chuva segundo as dimensões ambientais, técnicas, sanitárias, institucionais e sociais, o presente trabalho buscou identificar o método da Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) que melhor se ajusta a variabilidade dos dados e cujos fatores gerados são capazes de explicar o conjunto de variáveis. Foram aplicados 455 questionários nos e estudadas 36 variáveis. Foram analisados dois métodos de Análise Fatorial Exploratória, sendo eles: (i) Matrizes de Correlação de Pearson e (ii) Policórica, ambas utilizando rotação Varimax. Os dois métodos permitiram a geração de 6 Fatores. Os dois métodos da análise fatorial com a matriz de correlação de Pearson e Policórica foram adequados para este conjunto de dados, logo, o método pela matriz de policórica foi o mais eficaz na identificação de grupos das variáveis, portanto foi o melhor para este conjunto de dados. O Fator 1 foi considerado o fator mais influente do estudo, pois explicou a maior variância dos dados (11%), agrupando variáveis relacionadas as dimensões técnica e sanitária que interferem diretamente na qualidade da água armazenada na cisterna

Effect of Dietary Laminaria digitata with Carbohydrases on Broiler Production Performance and Meat Quality, Lipid Profile, and Mineral Composition

Research Areas: Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; ZoologyABSTRACT - We hypothesized that dietary inclusion of 15% Laminaria digitata, supplemented or not with carbohydrases, could improve the nutritional value of poultry meat without impairing animal growth performance. A total of 120 22-day old broilers were fed the following dietary treatments (n = 10) for 14 days: cereal-based diet (control); control diet with 15% L. digitata (LA); LA diet with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP (LAR); LA diet with 0.01% alginate lyase (LAE). Final body weight was lower and feed conversion ratio higher with LA diet than with the control. The ileal viscosity increased with LA and LAR diets relative to control but without differences between LAE and control. The pH of thigh meat was higher, and the redness value of breast was lower with LA diet than with control. Meat overall acceptability was positively scored for all treatments. The γ-tocopherol decreased, whereas total chlorophylls and carotenoids increased in meat with alga diets relative to control. The percentage of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and accumulation of bromine and iodine in meat increased with alga diets compared with control. Feeding 15% of L. digitata to broilers impaired growth performance but enhanced meat quality by increasing antioxidant pigments, with beneficial effects on n-3 PUFA and iodineinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect on Broiler Production Performance and Meat Quality of Feeding Ulva lactuca Supplemented with Carbohydrases

Macroalgae have been increasingly exploited worldwide for feed, food and biofuel applications, due to their nutritive and bioactive compounds. Green seaweeds belonging to the genus Ulva have high growth rates, which makes them suitable for being cultured in sustainable algae production, such as an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system. This is expected to increase the use of Ulva sp. as an alternative source to conventional feedstuffs (e.g., cereals and soybean meal) for poultry. The objective of the current study was to assess if the incorporation of 15% Ulva lactuca in broiler chickens’ diet, combined or not with carbohydrate-active enzymes, would enhance meat nutritional quality without compromising animal growth performance. Overall, U. lactuca led to an accumulation of antioxidant carotenoids, n-3 PUFA and macrominerals, including magnesium, potassium and phosphorus, in the breast muscle, with likely health benefits, without significantly impairing growth performance. The supplementation of macroalgae with a recombinant ulvan lyase reduced ileal viscosity with possible beneficial effects on broiler digestibility. Although dietary U. lactuca showed potential to increase meat quality, it reduced meat overall acceptability, which suggests the use of a lower algae inclusion level to prevent a negative meat sensory perception for consumersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plasma Metabolites and Liver Composition of Broilers in Response to Dietary Ulva lactuca with Ulvan Lyase or a Commercial Enzyme Mixture

The effect of a high incorporation level of Ulva lactuca, individually and supplemented with a Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZyme) on broilers’ plasma parameters and liver composition is assessed here. Twenty one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 10): corn/soybean meal based-diet (Control); based-diet with 15% U. lactuca (UL); UL diet with 0.005% of commercial carbohydrase mixture; and UL diet with 0.01% of recombinant ulvan lyase. Supplementing U. lactuca with the recombinant CAZyme slightly compromised broilers’ growth by negatively affecting final body weight and average daily gain. The combination of U. lactuca with ulvan lyase also increased systemic lipemia through an increase in total lipids, triacylglycerols and VLDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Moreover, U. lactuca, regardless of the CAZyme supplementation, enhanced hepatic n-3 PUFA (mostly 20:5n-3) with positive decrease in n-6/n-3 ratio. However, broilers fed with U. lactuca with ulvan lyase reduced hepatic a- and -tocopherol concentrations relative to the control. Conversely, the high amount of pigments in macroalga diets led to an increase in hepatic beta-carotene, chlorophylls and total carotenoids. Furthermore, U. lactuca, alone or combined with CAZymes, enhanced hepatic total microminerals, including iron and manganese. Overall, plasma metabolites and liver composition changed favorably in broilers that were fed 15% of U. lactuca, regardless of enzyme supplementationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio