ESTIMATION AND TESTING AN ADDITIVE PARTIALLY LINEAR MODEL IN A SYSTEM OF ENGEL CURVES

The form of the Engel curve has long been a subject of discussion in appliedeconometrics and until now there has no been definitive conclusion about its form. In this paperan additive partially linear model is used to estimate semiparametrically the effect of totalexpenditure in the context of the Engel curves. Additionally, we consider the non-parametricinclusion of some regressors which traditionally have a non linear effect such as age andschooling. To that end we compare an additive partially linear model with the fullynonparametric one using recent popular test statistics. We also provide the p-values computedby bootstrap and subsampling schemes for the proposed test statistics. Empirical analysis basedon data drawn from the Spanish Expenditure Survey 1990-91 shows that modelling the effectsof expenditure, age and schooling on budget share deserves a treatment better than that adoptedin simple semiparametric analysis.Engel curve, expenditure, nonparametric estimation, marginal integration

A note on the Bandwidth choice when the null hypothesis is semiparametric

This work presents a tool for the additivity test. The additive model is widely used for parametric and semiparametric modeling of economic data. The additivity hypothesis is of interest because it is easy to interpret and produces reasonably fast convergence rates for non-parametric estimators. Another advantage of additive models is that they allow attacking the problem of the curse of dimensionality that arises in non- parametric estimation. Hypothesis testing is based in the well-known bootstrap residual process. In nonparametric testing literature, the dominant idea is that bandwidth utilized to produce bootstrap sample should be bigger that bandwidth for estimating model under null hypothesis. However, there is no hint so far about how to choose such bandwidth in practice. We will discuss a first step to find some rule of thumb to choose bandwidth in that context. Our suggestions are accompanied by simulation studies.additive models, bootstrap, bootstrap test, kernel smoothing, nonparametric

Coordinating poverty alleviation programs with regional and local governments : the experience of the Chilean Social Fund - FOSIS

This paper reviews the Chilean experience in dealing with the issue of integration of local, and regional governments into the poverty alleviation programs carried out through the Chilean Social Fund (FOSIS). FOSIS was created in 1990 by the first democratically elected government that took office after seventeen years of military rule. However, it was only in 1992, that local governments were elected after a long period of appointed officials, and neglect of investments in economic, and social infrastructure. Since its inception, FOSIS gave high priority to participatory approaches, and capacity building of community organizations, as the key mechanisms to enable the poor to improve their living conditions on a sustainable basis. This paper traces the evolution of FOSIS, and analyzes its new strategy for allocating resources at the regional, and local levels. The Chilean case presents a successful example of increasing integration of local governments, with poverty programs designed, and implemented by intermediaries (mostly non-governmental organizations), and/or directly by beneficiaries.Poverty Monitoring&Analysis,Poverty Assessment,National Governance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Banks&Banking Reform

Three-Part Tariffs and Short-Run Rationality in the Local Fixed Telephone Consumption: Empirical Evidence from Medellín

In this paper we are interested in investigating the effects of the threepart tariffs system on consumers´ behavior in the local fixed telephone service provided by the incumbent Telecommunications Company une in Medellín, which was authorized by the TelecommunicationsRegulatory Commission (crt, for its Spanish name). In order to study consumer behavior and the effect of this tariff system we specify a sort of Engel Curve, which relates expenditure in fixed telephone service and expenditure in public utilities. Endogeneity problems could well arise from this specification, so the empirical strategy for studying households´ consumption is based on a panel data analysis by performing instrumental variables and gmm procedures. Our results supports the hypothesis that consumers surpass expected consumption levels and therefore the total payment for the service is greater than planned, showing a sort of short-run irrationality in consumption.three-part tariffs, consumers´ behavior, rationality, endogeneity,gmm estimators.

A note on the bandwidth choice when the null hypothesis is semiparametrics

RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta un contraste de aditividad. El modelo aditivo es usado para modelar estructuras paramétricas y semiparamétricas. La hipótesis de aditividad es interesante porque es fácil de interpretar y produce unas tasas de convergencia razonablemente rápidas de estimadores noparamétricos. Una ventaja adicional de las estructuras aditivas es que permite atacar directamente el problema de la maldición de la dimensionalidad que surge en estimación noparamétrica. El procedimiento que proponemos para el contraste de hipótesis esta basado en un proceso de remuestreo (bootstrap) de los residuales del modelo aditivo. La idea dominante en la selección de la banda usada para generar las muestras bootstrap, es que esta debe ser más grande que la banda utilizada para la estimación del modelo aditivo. No obstante, hasta el momento la literatura existente no suministra ayuda alguna. Nosotros discutimos, como un primer paso, un tipo de regla para elegir tal banda en este contexto.ABSTRACT: This work presents a tool for the additivity test. The additive model is widely used for parametric and semiparametric modeling of economic data. The additivity hypothesis is of interest because it is easy to interpret and produces reasonably fast convergence rates for non-parametric estimators. Another advantage of additive models is that they allow attacking the problem of the curse of dimensionality that arises in non- parametric estimation. Hypothesis testing is based in the well-known bootstrap residual process. In nonparametric testing literature, the dominant idea is that bandwidth utilized to produce bootstrap sample should be bigger that bandwidth for estimating model under null hypothesis. However, there is no hint so far about how to choose such bandwidth in practice. We will discuss a first step to find some rule of thumb to choose bandwidth in that context. Our suggestions are accompanied by simulation studies

Sobre el comportamiento del consumidor en la zona urbana colombiana : el caso de Bogotá

RESUMEN: Este artículo estima las curvas de Engel semiparamétricamente para alimentación, ropa y transporte público, usando la ECV-DANE de 1997. La mayoría de los artículos sobre el tema excluyen el transporte, lo que constituye una de nuestras motivaciones, pues en países con bajos ingresos como Colombia la mayoría de las personas se movilizan utilizando el transporte público, en especial para ir a sus trabajos. Es probable que enfrentemos problemas de endogeneidad al estar conjuntamente determinados el gasto total y el gasto en los diferentes bienes. Adicionalmente, llevamos a cabo contrastes no paramétricos. Nuestras estimaciones produjeron en algunos casos curvas de Engel casi cuadráticas para alimentos y transporte, lo cual es un indicativo de que los alimentos pueden ser un lujo para algunos y el transporte, un bien inferior.ABSTRACT: In this paper we are interested in estimating semi-parametric Engel curves for different categories of goods using data drawn from the 1997 Family Expenditure Survey (ECV1997). Most of the papers about consumer behavior include food and clothing shares in the analysis. Since people in developing countries spend a great deal of time going to work, through their use of public transportation, then it is interesting to take this into account in this study. Due to joint determination of expenditure shares and total expenditure, we adjust for any possible endogeneity, which is a familiar problem in demand analysis. So, not only estimation but also adaptive testing is provided by non-parametric procedures. Our esti-mations produce quadratic food and transportation Engel curves, which is an interesting result

Re-evaluation of the geothermal potential of the granites of Galicia based on geochemical and radiological cartography

[Resumen] el flujo de calor en la corteza superior determina la posibilidad de utilizar la energía geotérmica en una determinada zona. Este flujo es muy heterogéneo por lo que el aprovechamiento de la energía geotérmica es muy variable y requiere un estudio de cada zona. Donde no existen condicionantes geológicos que produzcan un flujo de calor anómalo y elevado, el aprovechamiento de esta energía es más limitado, dependiendo de las propiedades de las rocas del substrato, pero aun así enormemente variable. Los estudios realizados en Galicia hasta la fecha indican que el aprovechamiento geotérmico en esta comunidad es limitado debido a la ausencia de anomalías y a la litología, existiendo un potencial geotérmico bajo. Sin embargo, los principales estudios orientados a este fin, aun considerando información geológica, han sido genéricos, imprecisos y conservadores. La existencia de nuevos datos geoquímicos y de radiación gamma permite una reevaluación de estos estudios. Esta reevaluación muestra un potencial mayor del estimado inicialmente, lo que sugiere la necesidad de realizar estudios más detallados de la geoquímica de las rocas para obtener una evaluación más precisa y exacta, algo necesario para un desarrollo adecuado del aprovechamiento de esta energía en la comunidad[Abstract] The heat flux in the upper crust determines the availabili of geothermal energy resources whose use depending on the properties of the rocks substrate. In Galicia the geothermal exploitation is limited, because the low potential. However the existence of new geochemical and gamma radiation allows a re-evaluation carrying out more detailed studies of rock geochemistry to obtain a more precise evaluatón for an adequate development of the use of this energy

Revisitando o pensamento de Jacques Ellul na sociedade do século XXI

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T17:52:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-31662015000200425.pdf: 90225 bytes, checksum: 094a4b8060deca276dc512b8c2a41652 (MD5)Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara Departamento de Administração Públic