578 research outputs found
Research on the Language Protection Modes of Cross-Border Ethnic Groups in China and Russia—Taking the Oroqen nationality in China and the Evenki nationality in Russia as Examples
Cross-border ethnic groups are a group of people living separately in two or more modern countries due to a long history of development. The Oroqen nationality and the Evenki nationality, as homologous ethnic groups living across the border of China and Russia, both belong to the Manchu-Tungusic group of Altaic languages, which are very similar and have great significance for the survival of the two ethnic cultures. With the historical changes and social development, the ethnic languages of the Oroqen nationality and the Evenki nationality are seriously on the danger of disappearing. In this regard, China and Russia have adopted institutionalized and systematic protection measures and formed their own distinctive language protection modes from three aspects: policies and laws, theoretical research and educational practice, which has alleviated the former endangered situation of ethnic languages. Based on the necessity of cross-border ethnic language protection, this paper explores the protection modes of these two ethnic languages and puts forward suggestions for further strengthening the protection in the future, in order to provide help for improving the soft power of national culture and enhancing the friendship between China and Russia
Genetic and environmental prediction of opioid cessation using machine learning, GWAS, and a mouse model
The United States is currently experiencing an epidemic of opioid use, use disorder, and overdose-related deaths. While studies have identified several loci that are associated with opioid use disorder (OUD) risk, the genetic basis for the ability to discontinue opioid use has not been investigated. Furthermore, very few studies have investigated the non-genetic factors that are predictive of opioid cessation or their predictive ability.
In this thesis, I studied a novel phenotype–opioid cessation, defined as the time since last use of illicit opioids (1 year ago as cease) among persons meeting lifetime DSM-5 criteria for opioid use disorder (OUD).
In chapter two, I identified novel genetic variants and biological pathways that potentially regulate opioid cessation success through a genome wide study, as well as genetic overlap between opioid cessation and other substance cessation traits.
In chapter three, I identified multiple non-genetic risk factors specific to each racial group that are predictive of opioid cessation from the same individuals analyzed in chapter two by applying several linear and non-linear machine learning techniques to a set of more than 3,000 variables assessed by a structured psychiatric interview. Factors identified from this atheoretical approach can be grouped into opioid use activities, other drug use, health conditions, and demographics, while the predictive accuracy as high as nearly 80% was achieved. The findings from this research generated more hypotheses for future studies to reference.
In chapter four, I performed differential gene expression and network analysis on mice with different oxycodone (an opioid receptor agonist)-induced behaviors and compared the significantly associated genes and network modules with top-ranked genes identified in humans. The pathway cross-talks and gene homologs identified from both species illuminate the potential molecular mechanism of opioid behaviors.
In summary, this thesis utilized statistical genetics, machine learning, and a computational biology framework to address factors that are associative with opioid cessation in humans, and cross-referenced the genetic findings in a mouse model. These findings serve as references for future studies and provide a framework for personalizing the treatment of OUD
Unsupervised cryo-EM data clustering through adaptively constrained K-means algorithm
In single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), K-means clustering
algorithm is widely used in unsupervised 2D classification of projection images
of biological macromolecules. 3D ab initio reconstruction requires accurate
unsupervised classification in order to separate molecular projections of
distinct orientations. Due to background noise in single-particle images and
uncertainty of molecular orientations, traditional K-means clustering algorithm
may classify images into wrong classes and produce classes with a large
variation in membership. Overcoming these limitations requires further
development on clustering algorithms for cryo-EM data analysis. We propose a
novel unsupervised data clustering method building upon the traditional K-means
algorithm. By introducing an adaptive constraint term in the objective
function, our algorithm not only avoids a large variation in class sizes but
also produces more accurate data clustering. Applications of this approach to
both simulated and experimental cryo-EM data demonstrate that our algorithm is
a significantly improved alterative to the traditional K-means algorithm in
single-particle cryo-EM analysis.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figure
New Gedanken experiment on Reissner-Nordstr\"om AdS Black Holes surrounded by quintessence
In this paper, we apply the new Gedanken experiment to investigate the weak
cosmic censorship conjecture for Reissner-Nordstr\"om AdS black holes
surrounded by quintessence. Since the perturbation of matter fields doesn't
affect the spacetime geometry, we propose the stability condition and assume
the process of matter fields falling into the black hole satisfies the null
energy condition. Based on Iyer-Wald formalism we can derive the first order
and second-order variational identities. From the two identities and the above
two conditions lead to the first-order and second-order perturbation
inequalities, and under the second-order approximation of matter fields
perturbation, we find that the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is still
satisfied
A Boolean based Question Answering System
The search engine searches the information according to the key words and provides users with related links, which need users to review and find the direct information among a large number of webpages. To avoid this drawback and improve the search results from search engine, we implemented a Boolean based Question Answering System. This system used Boolean Retrieval Model to analyze and match the text information from corresponding webpages in the document indexing step when users ask a Boolean expression based question. To evaluate system and analyze Boolean Retrieval Model, we used the data set from TREC (Text Retrieval Conference) to finish our experiment. Different Boolean operators in the questions such as AND, OR has been evaluated separately which is clear to analyze the effectiveness for each of them. We also evaluate the overall performance for this system
Analyzing eventual leader election protocols for dynamic systems by probabilistic model checking
Leader election protocols have been intensively studied in distributed computing, mostly in the static setting. However, it remains a challenge to design and analyze these protocols in the dynamic setting, due to its high uncertainty, where typical properties include the average steps of electing a leader eventually, the scalability etc. In this paper, we propose a novel model-based approach for analyzing leader election protocols of dynamic systems based on probabilistic model checking. In particular, we employ a leading probabilistic model checker, PRISM, to simulate representative protocol executions. We also relax the assumptions of the original model to cover unreliable channels which requires the introduction of probability to our model. The experiments confirm the feasibility of our approach
Electrical transport across metal/two-dimensional carbon junctions: Edge versus side contacts
Metal/two-dimensional carbon junctions are characterized by using a nanoprobe
in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. Significant differences were found in bias
voltage (V) dependence of differential conductance (dI/dV) between edge- and
side-contact; the former exhibits a clear linear relationship (i.e., dI/dV
\propto V), whereas the latter is characterized by a nonlinear dependence,
dI/dV \propto V3/2. Theoretical calculations confirm the experimental results,
which are due to the robust two-dimensional nature of the carbon materials
under study. Our work demonstrates the importance of contact geometry in
graphene-based electronic devices
Robust Tickets Can Transfer Better: Drawing More Transferable Subnetworks in Transfer Learning
Transfer learning leverages feature representations of deep neural networks
(DNNs) pretrained on source tasks with rich data to empower effective
finetuning on downstream tasks. However, the pretrained models are often
prohibitively large for delivering generalizable representations, which limits
their deployment on edge devices with constrained resources. To close this gap,
we propose a new transfer learning pipeline, which leverages our finding that
robust tickets can transfer better, i.e., subnetworks drawn with properly
induced adversarial robustness can win better transferability over vanilla
lottery ticket subnetworks. Extensive experiments and ablation studies validate
that our proposed transfer learning pipeline can achieve enhanced
accuracy-sparsity trade-offs across both diverse downstream tasks and sparsity
patterns, further enriching the lottery ticket hypothesis.Comment: Accepted by DAC 202
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