45 research outputs found
Fundamental material properties of the 2LiBH4-MgH2 reactive hydride composite for hydrogen storage: (II) Kinetic properties
Reaction kinetic behaviour and cycling stability of the 2LiBH4-MgH2 reactive hydride composite (Li-RHC) are experimentally determined and analysed as a basis for the design and development of hydrogen storage tanks. In addition to the determination and discussion about the properties; different measurement methods are applied and compared. The activation energies for both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are determined by the Kissinger method and via the fitting of solid-state reaction kinetic models to isothermal volumetric measurements. Furthermore, the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycling stability is assessed by titration measurements. Finally, the kinetic behaviour and the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of the Li-RHC are discussed.Fil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; AlemaniaFil: Milanese, Chiara. Università degli Studi di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Girella, Alessandro. Università degli Studi di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Schiavo, Benedetto. Università degli Studi di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Lozano, Gustavo A.. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; AlemaniaFil: Capurso, Giovanni. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; AlemaniaFil: Von Colbe, José M. Bellosta. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; AlemaniaFil: Marini, Amedeo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Kabelac, Stephan. Leibniz Universität Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; AlemaniaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung; Alemani
Fundamental material properties of the 2LiBH4-MgH2 reactive hydride composite for hydrogen storage: (I) Thermodynamic and heat transfer properties
Thermodynamic and heat transfer properties of the 2LiBH4-MgH2 composite (Li-RHC) system are experimentally determined and studied as a basis for the design and development of hydrogen storage tanks. Besides the determination and discussion of the properties, different measurement methods are applied and compared to each other. Regarding thermodynamics, reaction enthalpy and entropy are determined by pressure-concentration-isotherms and coupled manometric-calorimetric measurements. For thermal diffusivity calculation, the specific heat capacity is measured by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry and the effective thermal conductivity is determined by the transient plane source technique and in situ thermocell. Based on the results obtained from the thermodynamics and the assessment of the heat transfer properties, the reaction mechanism of the Li-RHC and the issues related to the scale-up for larger hydrogen storage systems are discussed in detail.Fil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Milanese, Chiara. University of Pavia; ItaliaFil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Girella, Alessandro. University of Pavia; ItaliaFil: Schiavo, Benedetto. Universidad de Palermo; Argentina. Istituto per le Tecnologie Avanzate; ItaliaFil: Lozano, Gustavo A.. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. BASF; AlemaniaFil: Capurso, Giovanni. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Von Colbe, José M. Bellosta. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Marini, Amedeo. University of Pavia; ItaliaFil: Kabelac, Stephan. Leibniz Universität Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Alemani
Designing an Ab2-type alloy (TIZr-CrMNMO) for the hybrid hydrogen storage concept
The hybrid hydrogen storage method consists of the combination of both solid-state metal hydrides and gas hydrogen storage. This method is regarded as a promising trade-off solution between the already developed high-pressure storage reservoir, utilized in the automobile industry, and solid-state storage through the formation of metal hydrides. Therefore, it is possible to lower the hydrogen pressure and to increase the hydrogen volumetric density. In this work, we design a non-stoichiometric AB2 C14-Laves alloy composed of (Ti0.9Zr0.1)1.25Cr0.85Mn1.1Mo0.05. This alloy is synthesized by arc-melting, and the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors are evaluated in a high-pressure Sieverts apparatus. Proper thermodynamic parameters are obtained in the range of temperature and pressure from 3 to 85 ◦C and from 15 to 500 bar: ∆Habs. = 22 ± 1 kJ/mol H2, ∆Sabs. = 107 ± 2 J/K mol H2, and ∆Hdes. = 24 ± 1 kJ/mol H2, ∆Sdes. = 110 ± 3 J/K mol H2. The addition of 10 wt.% of expanded natural graphite (ENG) allows the improvement of the heat transfer properties, showing a reversible capacity of about 1.5 wt.%, cycling stability and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation times between 25 to 70 s. The feasibility for the utilization of the designed material in a high-pressure tank is also evaluated, considering practical design parameters.Fil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas de Cataluña; España. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área de Aplicaciones de la Tecnología Nuclear. Gerencia de Investigación Aplicada CAB. Departamento Fisicoquímica de Materiales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Bellosta von Colbe, José M.. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Helmut Schmidt University; AlemaniaFil: Mitrokhin, Sergey V.. Lomonosov Moscow State University; RusiaFil: Movlaev, Elshad. Lomonosov Moscow State University; RusiaFil: Verbetsky, Victor. Lomonosov Moscow State University; RusiaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Helmut Schmidt University; Alemani
Influence of milling parameters on the sorption properties of the LiH-MgB2 system doped with TiCl3
Abstract Hydrogen sorption properties of the LiH-MgB2 system doped with TiCl3 were investigated with respect to milling conditions (milling times, ball to powder (BTP) ratios, rotation velocities and degrees of filling) to form the reactive hydride composite (RHC) LiBH4-MgH2. A heuristic model was applied to approximate the energy transfer from the mill to the powders. These results were linked to experimentally obtained quantities such as crystallite size, specific surface area (SSA) and homogeneity of the samples, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results show that at approximately 20 kJ g-1 there are no further benefits to the system with an increase in energy transfer. This optimum energy transfer value indicates that a plateau was reached for MgB2 crystallite size therefore the there was also no improvement of reaction kinetics due to no change in crystallite size. Therefore, this study shows that an optimum energy transfer value was reached for the LiH-MgB2 system doped with TiCl3.Fil: Busch, Nina. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Pistidda, Claudio. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Karimi, Fahim. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Milanese, Chiara. Universita degli Studi di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Tolkiehn, Martin. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Chaudhary, Anna Lisa. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Helmholtz-zentrum Geesthacht; Alemani
Effect of the process parameters on the energy transfer during the synthesis of the 2LiBH4/MgH2 reactive hydride composite for hydrogen storage
: Several different milling parameters (additive content, rotation velocity, ball-to-powder ratio, degree of filling, and time) affect the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of a reactive hydride composite (RHC). In this paper, these effects were thoroughly tested and analyzed. The milling process investigated in such detail was performed on the 2LiH-MgB2 system doped with TiCl3. Applying an upgraded empirical model, the transfer of energy to the material during the milling process was determined. In this way, it is possible to compare the obtained experimental results with those from processes at different scales. In addition, the different milling parameters were evaluated independently according to their individual effect on the transferred energy. Their influence on the reaction kinetics and hydrogen capacity was discussed and the results were correlated to characteristics like particle and crystallite size, specific surface area, presence of nucleation sites and contaminants. Finally, an optimal value for the transferred energy was determined, above which the powder characteristics do not change and therefore the RHC system properties do not further improve.Fil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Helmut Schmidt University; AlemaniaFil: Capurso, Giovanni. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Busch, Nina. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Werner, Tobias. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Milanese, Chiara. Universita Degli Studi Di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Girella, Alessandro. Universita Degli Studi Di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Von Colbe, José Bellosta. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Helmut Schmidt University; Alemani
Nanoconfined 2LiBH4eMgH2eTiCl3 in carbon aerogel scaffold for reversible hydrogen storage
Nanoconfinement of 2LiBH4–MgH2–TiCl3 in resorcinol–formaldehyde carbon aerogel scaffold (RF–CAS) for reversible hydrogen storage applications is proposed. RF–CAS is encapsulated with approximately 1.6 wt. % TiCl3 by solution impregnation technique, and it is further nanoconfined with bulk 2LiBH4–MgH2 via melt infiltration. Faster dehydrogenation kinetics is obtained after TiCl3 impregnation, for example, nanoconfined 2LiBH4–MgH2–TiCl3 requires ∼1 and 4.5 h, respectively, to release 95% of the total hydrogen content during the 1st and 2nd cycles, while nanoconfined 2LiBH4–MgH2 (∼2.5 and 7 h, respectively) and bulk material (∼23 and 22 h, respectively) take considerably longer. Moreover, 95–98.6% of the theoretical H2 storage capacity (3.6–3.75 wt. % H2) is reproduced after four hydrogen release and uptake cycles of the nanoconfined 2LiBH4–MgH2–TiCl3. The reversibility of this hydrogen storage material is confirmed by the formation of LiBH4 and MgH2 after rehydrogenation using FTIR and SR-PXD techniques, respectively.Fil: Gosalawit Utke, Rapee. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Suranaree University of Technology; TailandiaFil: Milanese, Chiara. Università degli studi di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Javadian, Payam. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Laipple, Daniel. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Karmi, Fahim. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jensen, Torben R.. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Marini, Amedeo. Università degli studi di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Alemani
Sorption behavior of the MgH2-Mg2FeH6 hydride storage system synthesized by mechanical milling followed by sintering
The hydrogen sorption behavior of the Mg2FeH6eMgH2hydride system is investigated via in-situ synchrotron and laboratory powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution (PSD) and volumetric techniques. The Mg2FeH6eMgH2 hydride system is obtained by mechanical milling in argon atmosphere followed by sintering at high temperature and hydrogen pressure. In-situ SR-PXD results show that upon hydriding MgH2 is a precursor for Mg2FeH6 formation and remained as hydrided phase in the obtained material. Diffusion constraints preclude the further formation of Mg2FeH6. Upon dehydriding, our results suggest that MgH2 and Mg2FeH6 decompose independently in a narrow temperature range between 275 and 300 C. Moreover, the decomposition behavior of both hydrides in the Mg2FeH6eMgH2 hydride mixture is influenced by each other via dual synergetic-destabilizing effects. The final hydriding/dehydriding products and therefore the kinetic behavior of the Mg2FeH6eMgH2 hydride system exhibits a strong dependence on the temperature and pressure conditions.Fil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Gennari, Fabiana Cristina. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Gerencia de Area de Aplicaciones de la Tecnologia Nuclear. Gerencia de Investigacion Aplicada; . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Arneodo Larochette, Pierre Paul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Gerencia de Area de Aplicaciones de la Tecnologia Nuclear. Gerencia de Investigacion Aplicada; . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Karimi, Fahim. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; AlemaniaFil: Pistidda, Claudio. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; AlemaniaFil: Gosalawit Utke, Rapee. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; Alemania. Suranaree University of Technology. Institute of Science, School of Chemistry; TailandiaFil: Jepsen, Julian. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; AlemaniaFil: Jensen, Torben R.. University of Aarhu. Center for Energy Materials, iNANO and Department of Chemistry; DinamarcaFil: Gundlach, Carsten. Lund University. MAX-lab; SuizaFil: Bellosta von Colbe, José. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; AlemaniaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; AlemaniaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Materials Technology. Institute of Materials Research; Alemani
Mapping dynamics of deforestation and forest degradation in tropical forests using radar satellite data
An effective activation method for industrially produced TiFeMn powder for hydrogen storage
This work proposes an effective thermal activation method with low technical effort for industrially produced titanium-iron-manganese powders (TiFeMn) for hydrogen storage. In this context, the influence of temperature and particle size of TiFeMn on the activation process is systematically studied. The results obtained from this investigation suggest that the activation of the TiFeMn material at temperatures as low as 50 °C is already possible, with a combination of “Dynamic” and “Static” routines, and that an increase to 90 °C strongly reduces the incubation time for activation, i.e. the incubation time of the sample with the two routines at 90 °C is about 0.84 h, while ∼ 277 h is required for the sample treated at 50 °C in both “Dynamic” and “Static” sequences. Selecting TiFeMn particles of larger size also leads to significant improvements in the activation performance of the investigated material. The proposed activation routine makes it possible to overcome the oxide layer existing on the compound surface, which acts as a diffusion barrier for the hydrogen atoms. This activation method induces further cracks and defects in the powder granules, generating new surfaces for hydrogen absorption with greater frequency, and thus leading to faster sorption kinetics in the subsequent absorption-desorption cycles
Application of hydrides in hydrogen storage and compression: Achievements, outlook and perspectives
Metal hydrides are known as a potential efficient, low-risk option for high-density hydrogen storage since the late 1970s. In this paper, the present status and the future perspectives of the use of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage are discussed. Since the early 1990s, interstitial metal hydrides are known as base materials for Ni – metal hydride rechargeable batteries. For hydrogen storage, metal hydride systems have been developed in the 2010s [1] for use in emergency or backup power units, i. e. for stationary applications. With the development and completion of the first submarines of the U212 A series by HDW (now Thyssen Krupp Marine Systems) in 2003 and its export class U214 in 2004, the use of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage in mobile applications has been established, with new application fields coming into focus. In the last decades, a huge number of new intermetallic and partially covalent hydrogen absorbing compounds has been identified and partly more, partly less extensively characterized. In addition, based on the thermodynamic properties of metal hydrides, this class of materials gives the opportunity to develop a new hydrogen compression technology. They allow the direct conversion from thermal energy into the compression of hydrogen gas without the need of any moving parts. Such compressors have been developed and are nowadays commercially available for pressures up to 200 bar. Metal hydride based compressors for higher pressures are under development. Moreover, storage systems consisting of the combination of metal hydrides and high-pressure vessels have been proposed as a realistic solution for on-board hydrogen storage on fuel cell vehicles. In the frame of the “Hydrogen Storage Systems for Mobile and Stationary Applications” Group in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Hydrogen Task 32 “Hydrogen-based energy storage”, different compounds have been and will be scaled-up in the near future and tested in the range of 500 g to several hundred kg for use in hydrogen storage applications.Fil: Bellosta von Colbe, Jose. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Ares Fernández, José Ramón. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Jussara, Barale. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Baricco, Marcello. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Buckley, Craig E.. Curtin University; AustraliaFil: Capurso, Giovanni. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Gallandat, Noris. GRZ Technologies Ltd; SuizaFil: Grant, David M.. Science and Technology Facilities Council of Nottingham. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Reino Unido. University of Nottingham; Estados UnidosFil: Guzik, Matylda N.. University of Oslo; NoruegaFil: Jacob, Isaac. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; IsraelFil: Jensen, Emil H.. University of Oslo; NoruegaFil: Jensen, Torben. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Jepsen, Julian. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Klassen, Thomas. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Lototskyy, Mykhaylol V.. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Manickam, Kandavel. University of Nottingham; Estados Unidos. Science and Technology Facilities Council of Nottingham. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Reino UnidoFil: Montone, Amelia. Casaccia Research Centre; ItaliaFil: Puszkiel, Julián Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht; AlemaniaFil: Sartori, Sabrina. University of Oslo; NoruegaFil: Sheppard, Drew A.. Curtin University; AustraliaFil: Stuart, Alastair. University of Nottingham; Estados Unidos. Science and Technology Facilities Council of Nottingham. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Reino UnidoFil: Walker, Gavin. University of Nottingham; Estados Unidos. Science and Technology Facilities Council of Nottingham. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Reino UnidoFil: Webb, Colin J.. Griffith University; AustraliaFil: Yang, Heena. Empa Materials Science & Technology; Suiza. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Yartys, Volodymyr. Institute for Energy Technology; NoruegaFil: Züttel, Andreas. Empa Materials Science & Technology; Suiza. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Dornheim, Martin. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht; Alemani