425 research outputs found
Professional Opinions of Effective Interventions for Adults with Psychotic Disorders Who Experienced Childhood Trauma
This is a qualitative research study that examined professionals’ perceptions of effective interventions for adults with psychotic disorders who have experienced childhood trauma. The participants of the study were obtained through a snowball technique. The first participant’s information was given to the researcher through the research committee. The researcher then asked every participant to provide the contact information of another professional who fit the research criteria. In total, there were six professionals who were either clinical social workers, clinical psychologists or licensed marriage and family therapists. The data was obtained through structured, in person interviews with each of these professionals. The overall finding of the research was that there is no difference in the effectiveness of interventions for adults with psychotic disorders who have experienced childhood trauma versus those who have not. However, there were many themes found from the research study regarding working with adults who have psychotic disorders including: there is a relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis, there are some interventions that are more effective than others, there are some interventions that are less effective, antipsychotics are helpful, psychoeducation is necessary, normalization and stigma recognition are important and cognitive remediation therapy is great, but unavailable. Additionally, implications for the social work profession and social work education are discussed including the need for more education about psychosis, etc
Professional Opinions of Effective Interventions for Adults with Psychotic Disorders Who Experienced Childhood Trauma
This is a qualitative research study that examined professionals’ perceptions of effective interventions for adults with psychotic disorders who have experienced childhood trauma. The participants of the study were obtained through a snowball technique. The first participant’s information was given to the researcher through the research committee. The researcher then asked every participant to provide the contact information of another professional who fit the research criteria. In total, there were six professionals who were either clinical social workers, clinical psychologists or licensed marriage and family therapists. The data was obtained through structured, in person interviews with each of these professionals. The overall finding of the research was that there is no difference in the effectiveness of interventions for adults with psychotic disorders who have experienced childhood trauma versus those who have not. However, there were many themes found from the research study regarding working with adults who have psychotic disorders including: there is a relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis, there are some interventions that are more effective than others, there are some interventions that are less effective, antipsychotics are helpful, psychoeducation is necessary, normalization and stigma recognition are important and cognitive remediation therapy is great, but unavailable. Additionally, implications for the social work profession and social work education are discussed including the need for more education about psychosis, etc
Combinatorial Effects of Double Cardiomyopathy Mutant Alleles in Rodent Myocytes: A Predictive Cellular Model of Myofilament Dysregulation in Disease
Inherited cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a diverse group of cardiac muscle diseases that present with a broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from benign to highly malignant. Contributing to this genetic complexity and clinical heterogeneity is the emergence of a cohort of patients that are double or compound heterozygotes who have inherited two different CM mutant alleles in the same or different sarcomeric gene. These patients typically have early disease onset with worse clinical outcomes. Little experimental attention has been directed towards elucidating the physiologic basis of double CM mutations at the cellular-molecular level. Here, dual gene transfer to isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes was used to determine the primary effects of co-expressing two different CM-linked mutant proteins on intact cardiac myocyte contractile physiology. Dual expression of two CM mutants, that alone moderately increase myofilament activation, tropomyosin mutant A63V and cardiac troponin mutant R146G, were shown to additively slow myocyte relaxation beyond either mutant studied in isolation. These results were qualitatively similar to a combination of moderate and strong activating CM mutant alleles αTmA63V and cTnI R193H, which approached a functional threshold. Interestingly, a combination of a CM myofilament deactivating mutant, troponin C G159D, together with an activating mutant, cTnIR193H, produced a hybrid phenotype that blunted the strong activating phenotype of cTnIR193H alone. This is evidence of neutralizing effects of activating/deactivating mutant alleles in combination. Taken together, this combinatorial mutant allele functional analysis lends molecular insight into disease severity and forms the foundation for a predictive model to deconstruct the myriad of possible CM double mutations in presenting patients
Genetic Engineering and Therapy for Inherited and Acquired Cardiomyopathies
The cardiac myofilaments consist of a highly ordered assembly of proteins that collectively generate force in a calcium-dependent manner. Defects in myofilament function and its regulation have been implicated in various forms of acquired and inherited human heart disease. For example, during cardiac ischemia, cardiac myocyte contractile performance is dramatically downregulated due in part to a reduced sensitivity of the myofilaments to calcium under acidic pH conditions. Over the last several years, the thin filament regulatory protein, troponin I, has been identified as an important mediator of this response. Mutations in troponin I and other sarcomere genes are also linked to several distinct inherited cardiomyopathic phenotypes, including hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive cardiomyopathies. With the cardiac sarcomere emerging as a central player for such a diverse array of human heart diseases, genetic-based strategies that target the myofilament will likely have broad therapeutic potential. The development of safe vector systems for efficient gene delivery will be a critical hurdle to overcome before these types of therapies can be successfully applied. Nonetheless, studies focusing on the principles of acute genetic engineering of the sarcomere hold value as they lay the essential foundation on which to build potential gene-based therapies for heart disease.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72315/1/annals.1380.033.pd
Tax Abatement in Saint Louis: Reforms Could Foster Equitable Development
Across the United States, municipal governments use tax abatement in various ways to incentivize development and revitalize urban areas. In Saint Louis, historical housing trends related to deindustrialization, redlining, and “white flight” led to the City’s depopulation, creating the current need to incentivize development. However, in certain neighborhoods, development now occurs without tax abatement, and some homeowners and developers receive tax abatement despite being able to afford paying taxes. This points to a need to understand where and when tax abatement is necessary, and whether it is being used effectively. In this brief, we ask the following questions: (1) Does Saint Louis use this policy differently than other cities, and (2) What is the most effective use of tax abatement when considering equitable development of blighted areas
Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational wave event
The cosmic origin of the elements heavier than iron has long been uncertain.
Theoretical modelling shows that the matter that is expelled in the violent
merger of two neutron stars can assemble into heavy elements such as gold and
platinum in a process known as rapid neutron capture (r-process)
nucleosynthesis. The radioactive decay of isotopes of the heavy elements is
predicted to power a distinctive thermal glow (a 'kilonova'). The discovery of
an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational-wave source GW170817
represents the first opportunity to detect and scrutinize a sample of freshly
synthesized r-process elements. Here we report models that predict the detailed
electromagnetic emission of kilonovae and enable the mass, velocity and
composition of ejecta to be derived from the observations. We compare the
models to the optical and infrared radiation associated with GW170817 event to
argue that the observed source is a kilonova. We infer the presence of two
distinct components of ejecta, one composed primarily of light (atomic mass
number less than 140) and one of heavy (atomic mass number greater than 140)
r-process elements. Inferring the ejected mass and a merger rate from GW170817
implies that such mergers are a dominant mode of r-process production in the
Universe.Comment: Natur
Variability in Short Gamma-ray Bursts: Gravitationally Unstable Tidal Tails
Short gamma-ray bursts are thought to result from the mergers of two neutron
stars or a neutron star and stellar mass black hole. The final stages of the
merger are generally accompanied by the production of one or more tidal "tails"
of ejecta, which fall back onto the remnant-disc system at late times. Using
the results of a linear stability analysis, we show that if the material
comprising these tails is modeled as adiabatic and the effective adiabatic
index satisfies , then the tails are gravitationally unstable
and collapse to form small-scale knots. We analytically estimate the properties
of these knots, including their spacing along the tidal tail and the total
number produced, and their effect on the mass return rate to the merger
remnant. We perform hydrodynamical simulations of the disruption of a
polytropic (with the polytropic and adiabatic indices equal), neutron star by a black hole, and find agreement between the predictions of
the linear stability analysis and the distribution of knots that collapse out
of the instability. The return of these knots to the black hole induces
variability in the fallback rate, which can manifest as variability in the
lightcurve of the GRB and -- depending on how rapidly the instability operates
-- the prompt emission. The late-time variability induced by the return of
these knots is also consistent with the extended emission observed in some
GRBs.Comment: Small corrections, additional references included to reflect ApJL
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Light emission intensities of luminescent Y2O3:Eu and Gd2O3:Eu particles of various sizes
There is great technological interest in elucidating the effect of particle size on the luminescence efficiency of doped rare earth oxides. This study demonstrates unambiguously that there is a size effect and that it is not dependent on the calcination temperature. The Y2O3:Eu and Gd2O3:Eu particles used in this study were synthesized using wet chemistry to produce particles ranging in size between 7 nm and 326 nm and a commercially available phosphor. These particles were characterized using three excitation methods: UV light at 250 nm wavelength, electron beam at 10 kV, and X-rays generated at 100 kV. Regardless of the excitation source, it was found that with increasing particle diameter there is an increase in emitted light. Furthermore, dense particles emit more light than porous particles. These results can be explained by considering the larger surface area to volume ratio of the smallest particles and increased internal surface area of the pores found in the large particles. For the small particles, the additional surface area hosts adsorbates that lead to non-radiative recombination, and in the porous particles, the pore walls can quench fluorescence. This trend is valid across calcination temperatures and is evident when comparing particles from the same calcination temperature
A Detailed Observational Analysis of V1324 Sco, the Most Gamma-Ray Luminous Classical Nova to Date
It has recently been discovered that some, if not all, classical novae emit
GeV gamma rays during outburst, but the mechanisms involved in the production
of the gamma rays are still not well understood. We present here a
comprehensive multi-wavelength dataset---from radio to X-rays---for the most
gamma-ray luminous classical nova to-date, V1324 Sco. Using this dataset, we
show that V1324 Sco is a canonical dusty Fe-II type nova, with a maximum ejecta
velocity of 2600 km s and an ejecta mass of few
M. There is also evidence for complex shock interactions, including a
double-peaked radio light curve which shows high brightness temperatures at
early times. To explore why V1324~Sco was so gamma-ray luminous, we present a
model of the nova ejecta featuring strong internal shocks, and find that higher
gamma-ray luminosities result from higher ejecta velocities and/or mass-loss
rates. Comparison of V1324~Sco with other gamma-ray detected novae does not
show clear signatures of either, and we conclude that a larger sample of
similarly well-observed novae is needed to understand the origin and variation
of gamma rays in novae.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figure
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