: = Les Arnajons (Le-Puy-Sainte-Réparade, Bouches-du-Rhône): a new long chambered tomb of south-east France

International audienceA new dolmen was discovered in the Bouches-du-Rhône département during surveys and test trenches performed by Inrap prior to setting up a pipeline. The archaeological potential of the structure was only assessed and the project amendment allowed avoiding a complete excavation. The monument is located on a piedmont, in the Northern part of the Bouches-du-Rhône département, approximately 15 km North-northeast of Aix-en-Provence on the edge of the Durance valley. Embedded in a pit, the structure comprises three walls and the covering slab is missing. The test trenches show that the chamber contained at least two levels of deposits. The little series of furnishings are subjected to detailed studies, particularly with regard to the lithic industry (materials, technology, microwear analysis). The furniture and the radiocarbon dating corroborate the attribution of this monument to the Final Neolithic. The discussion pertains to integrating this dolmen into megalithism in the Provence region. It looks into the issues of chronology and cultural allocation. The potential links with other types of monuments, particularly with hypogeum such as Fontvieille's, remain an fundamental source of debate.Un nouveau dolmen a été découvert dans les Bouches-du-Rhône à l'occasion de prospections et sondages réalisés par l'Inrap. Le potentiel archéologique de la structure a seulement été évalué et la modification du projet d'aménagement a permis d'en éviter la fouille. Au nord du département des Bouches-du-Rhône, en bordure de la vallée de la Durance, le monument est localisé sur un piémont. Implantée en fosse, la structure de forme trapézoïdale orientée est-ouest est matérialisée par trois murs, la dalle de couverture a disparu. Les sondages montrent que la chambre contenait au moins deux niveaux de dépôts. La petite série de mobilier fait l'objet d'études détaillées, en particulier pour l'industrie lithique (matériaux, technologie, tracéologie). Le mobilier et la datation radiocarbone confirment que le monument a été utilisé pendant les premières phases du Néolithique final. La discussion porte sur l'intégration de ce dolmen au mégalithisme provençal. Elle examine les questions de chronologie et d'attribution culturelle. Les relations avec les autres types de monuments, en particulier avec les hypogées de type Fontvieille, restent une source essentielle de débat

Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Fungus-Growing Termite Strain Macrotermes Bellicosus Used in Traditional Medicine in the Republic of Benin

The fungus growing termite species Macrotermes bellicosus (M. bellicosus) is used in nutrition and traditional medicine in the Republic of Benin for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Previous findings demonstrated evidence of anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic properties of M. bellicosus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different extracts of M. bellicosus samples and determine the chemical profile of an ethanolic M. bellicosus extract. Chemical profiling was conducted using centrifugal partition chromatography and 13C-NMR, followed by MALDI-TOF MS. Major identified compounds include hydroquinone (HQ), methylhydroquinone (MHQ), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl glycol (DHPG), N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and niacinamide. The fatty acid mixture of the extract was mainly composed of linoleic and oleic acid and highlights the nutritional purpose of M. bellicosus. Using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay, an antibacterial activity of M. bellicosus samples was observed against various clinical strains with a highest growth inhibition of S. aureus. In addition, HQ and MHQ as well as fractions containing DHPG, niacinamide and NADA inhibited S. aureus growth. The reported antimicrobial activity of M. bellicosus and identified active substances provide a rationale for the traditional medicinal use of M. bellicosus

The three pillars of natural product dereplication. Alkaloids from the bulbs of Urceolina peruviana (C. Presl) J.F. Macbr. as a preliminary test case

open access articleThe role and importance of the identification of natural products are first discussed in the perspective of the study of secondary metabolites. The rapid identification of already reported compounds, or structural dereplication, is recognized as a key element in natural product chemistry. The biological taxonomy of metabolite producing organisms, the knowledge of metabolite molecular structures, and the availability of metabolite spectroscopic signatures are considered as the three pillars of structural dereplication. The role and the construction of databases is illustrated by references to the KNApSAcK, UNPD, CSEARCH, and COCONUT databases, and by the importance of calculated taxonomic and spectroscopic data as substitutes for missing or lost original ones. Two NMR-based tools, the PNMRP database that derives from UNPD, and KnapsackSearch, a database generator that provides taxonomically focused libraries of compounds, are proposed to the community of natural product chemists. The study of the alkaloids from Urceolina peruviana, a plant from the Andes used in traditional medicine for antibacterial and anticancer actions, has given the opportunity to test different approaches to dereplication, favoring the use of publicly available data sources

Les Arnajons (Le-Puy-Sainte-Réparade, Bouches-du-Rhône) : un nouveau dolmen dans le Sud-Est de la France

Un nouveau dolmen a été découvert dans les Bouches-du-Rhône à l’occasion de prospections et sondages réalisés par l’Inrap. Le potentiel archéologique de la structure a seulement été évalué et la modification du projet d’aménagement a permis d’en éviter la fouille. Au nord du département des Bouches-du-Rhône, en bordure de la vallée de la Durance, le monument est localisé sur un piémont. Implantée en fosse, la structure de forme trapézoïdale orientée est-ouest est matérialisée par trois murs, la dalle de couverture a disparu. Les sondages montrent que la chambre contenait au moins deux niveaux de dépôts. La petite série de mobilier fait l’objet d’études détaillées, en particulier pour l’industrie lithique (matériaux, technologie, tracéologie). Le mobilier et la datation radiocarbone confirment que le monument a été utilisé pendant les premières phases du Néolithique final. La discussion porte sur l’intégration de ce dolmen au mégalithisme provençal. Elle examine les questions de chronologie et d’attribution culturelle. Les relations avec les autres types de monuments, en particulier avec les hypogées de type Fontvieille, restent une source essentielle de débat.A new dolmen was discovered in the Bouches-du-Rhône département during surveys and test trenches performed by Inrap prior to setting up a pipeline. The archaeological potential of the structure was only assessed and the project amendment allowed avoiding a complete excavation. The monument is located on a piedmont, in the Northern part of the Bouches-du-Rhône département, approximately 15 km North-northeast of Aix-en-Provence on the edge of the Durance valley. Embedded in a pit, the structure comprises three walls and the covering slab is missing. The test trenches show that the chamber contained at least two levels of deposits. The little series of furnishings are subjected to detailed studies, particularly with regard to the lithic industry (materials, technology, microwear analysis). The furniture and the radiocarbon dating corroborate the attribution of this monument to the Final Neolithic. The discussion pertains to integrating this dolmen into megalithism in the Provence region. It looks into the issues of chronology and cultural allocation. The potential links with other types of monuments, particularly with hypogeum such as Fontvieille’s, remain an fundamental source of debate

Non-Standard Errors

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: Non-standard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for better reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants

Les caroténoïdes : origine, structures, developpements récents et perspectives industrielles

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Développement de procédés pour la purification et la production industrielle d'oligomères de glucides en vue d'accéder à de nouvelles applications valorisant les agro-ressources

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Place d'une nouvelle biotechnologie dans la production de molécules d'intérêt thérapeutique : les Plantes à Traire

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF