Comment les Gaulois prélevaient-ils la tête de leurs ennemies ? Analyse des vertèbres cervicales découvertes sur le site de Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme)

International audienceThe Late Iron Age sanctuary at Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme) is interpreted as a place devoted to cult and memory, established after fighting which took place during the 3rd century BC. More than 10,000 metallic pieces (weapons, harness fittings), faunal remains and nearly 50,000 human bones, remains of the bodies of warriors killed in battle have been recovered. Among the bone pieces there are 384 cervical vertebras, of which 83 bear the traces of head removing. The absence of skulls, being valuable as trophies, confirms the hypothesis of an appropriation ritual. This practice, well attested in ancient literary sources and preferentially ascribed to Gauls, was in use by a large number of peoples in Antiquity. The large corpus at Ribemont-sur-Ancre and the analysis of numerous traces allow to put forward new hypotheses on the process of beheading.Le sanctuaire laténien de Ribemont-sur-Ancre est interprété comme un lieu de culte et de mémoire édifié suite aux combats survenus au cours du IIIe s. av. J.-C. Il a livré plus de 10 000 pièces métalliques (armes, pièces de harnachement), de la faune et près de 50 000 os humains, restes des corps des guerriers morts au combat. Parmi les pièces osseuses découvertes, on relève 384 vertèbres cervicales, dont 83 portent les traces du prélèvement de la tête. L’absence des crânes, valorisés en tant que trophées, confirme l’hypothèse d’un rite d’appropriation. Il s’avère que cette pratique, bien attestée par les récits des auteurs antiques et imputée préférentiellement aux Gaulois, était commune à de nombreux peuples de l’Antiquité. L’important corpus de Ribemont-sur-Ancre et les nombreuses traces analysées permettent de formuler de nouvelles hypothèses sur la technique de prélèvement de la tête

SARS-COV-2 Infection in Children and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width

SARS-COV-2 infection due to Coronavirus is highly contagious and causes varying degrees of illness throughout the world. Recent literature has shown an association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and adverse outcomes among adult patients with COVID\u201019. Multiple hypotheses can explain the potential prognostic role of RDW in COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study is to describe RDW values in SARS-COV-2 infected children admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department to shed light on the potential role of RDW as a prognostic factor in this specific group. Of 1086 tested children observed from March 2020 to April 2021, 36 positive SARS-COV-2 children (0-16 years) did not show clinically significant differences in RDW values according to illness categories, days of hospitalization, presence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), or viral load (cycle threshold (CT) values). This study is the first to investigate this issue in a SARS-COV-2 infected pediatric population. Despite our negative results, given the high incidence of Delta variant in children, the low cost of the examination, its prognostic role described in adults, and its association to other pediatric illnesses, we believe that the role of RDW in SARS-COV-2 infected children should be deeper assessed and that larger collaborative studies on this issue are required

Gallic warriors perception throught bones remains discovered in the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre.

Le sanctuaire laténien de Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme) est interprété comme un lieu dévolu au culte après des évènements guerriers survenus durant le IIIe siècle avant J. C. Des pièces métalliques (lances, épées, éléments de harnachement), céramiques, restes de faune et des os humains, appartenant à plus de 500 individus, dont les têtes sont absentes, ont été découverts sur ce site. Nous avons identifiés de nombreuses traces de violence à la surface de ces os humains : guerre, décapitation, décarnisation, amputations. Les analyses ostéométriques mettent en lumière les caractéristiques physiques de ces Gaulois. L’examen des nombreuses traces permet de formuler des hypothèses sur les procédés de la guerre et sur le traitement réservé aux corps. Cette approche et le large corpus de Ribemont-sur-Ancre offrent l’opportunité d’avancer de nouvelles interprétations sur l’organisation du sanctuaire et d’ébaucher une anthropologie de la guerre et du guerrier chez les Gaulois.The Iron Age sanctuary at Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme) is interpreted as a place devoted to cult establish after warlike events which took place during 3rd B. C. century. Metallic pieces (weapons, swords, harness fitting), ceramics, faunal remains, and humans bones, remains of the body of more 500 individuals, with an absence of skulls, have been recovered. We identified lot of violence marks on the surface bones: warfare, beheading, defleshing, amputation. The ostéometric analysis highlighted features in physical characteristic of gauls individuals. Examinations of numerous traces allow to put forward hypothesis on the process of war and body remains treatments. The approach and the large corpus at Ribemont-sur-Ancre, allow to put forward new interpretation on the sanctuary organization and about anthropology of war and gaul warriors

Etude de la pratique de gestes techniques au cabinet de médecine générale dans le département de la Somme

Les gestes techniques sont du domaine et de la responsabilité du médecin dans son exercice quotidien. Nous avons tenté d évaluer et de comparer la pratique de gestes techniques par le médecin généraliste au cabinet selon différents critères épidémiologiques et d analyser les causes d absence de réalisation de ces gestes. Notre étude a été réalisée à partir d un questionnaire portant sur la réalisation de 36 gestes techniques, remis à 100 médecins exerçant à titre libéral dans le département de la Somme. 74 médecins ont répondu à notre enquête. L analyse des résultats révèle que : -16 gestes techniques sont réalisés par plus de la moitié des médecins, -les actes techniques sont effectués majoritairement par les médecins plus âgés, installés à la campagne et de sexe masculin -l absence de pratique d un geste était surtout liée à un défaut d apprentissage ou à la proximité d un spécialiste. Les résultats confirment l importance de la réalisation de gestes techniques dans l exercice quotidien de la médecine générale. Ils soulignent aussi la différence de pratique selon l âge, le sexe, le lieu d installation mais aussi selon la spécialité où le défaut d apprentissage, la proximité d un spécialiste, le manque de temps, la responsabilité et le coût du geste peuvent expliquer l absence de réalisation d un geste technique. L évolution de l exercice de la Médecine Générale (regroupement en maisons de santé, installation majoritairement urbaine, féminisation ) pourrait entraîner un changement dans la pratique des gestes techniques.The technical gestures are of the domain and the responsibility of the doctor in his daily exercise. We tried to estimate and to compare the practice of technical gestures by the general practitioner to the office according to various epidemiological criteria and to analyze the causes of absence of realization of these gestures. Our study was realized from a questionnaire concerning the realization of 36 technical gestures, handed to 100 doctors practicing in liberal title in the department of the Somme. 74 doctors answered our investigation. The analysis of the results reveals that: -16 technical gestures are realized by more half of the doctors, -the technical acts are mainly made by the older doctors, settled in the countryside and male -the absence of practice of a gesture was especially connected to a defect of learning or to a nearness of a specialist. The results confirm the importance of the realization of technical gestures in the daily exercise of the general medicine. They also underline the difference of practice according to the age, the sex, the place of installation but also according to the speciality where the defect of learning, the nearness of a specialist, the lack of time, the responsibility and the cost of the gesture can explain the absence of realization of a technical gesture. The evolution of the exercise of the General medicine (grouping in nursing homes, mainly urban installation, feminization) could pull a change in the practice of technical gestures.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Symptom Clusters Helping the Assessment of SARS-COV-2-infected Children: Amiens Cohort versus European Data.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, caused >240 million cases and >5 million deaths. Given the current wider dissemination of pediatric cases, it is important to address questions regarding the clinical picture in children or if there are clinical patterns that may help us identify in an early stage what can be the prognosis and help clinicians with patient management. The study aimed to investigate in a French monocentric cohort and other European cohorts the presence of symptom clusterization and its possible connection to illness categories to help medical first-line screening and orientation in the pediatric emergency department (ED). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study describing clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-infected children admitted to pediatric ED to assess the presence of symptom clustering. A scoping review of the literature was performed to further investigate symptom clusters. RESULTS: Of 1086 tested children, 48 tested positive to SARS-CoV-2. The clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of our sample were fully described. Two distinct clusters of clinical phenotypes were identified as well as their potential association with illness categories in SARS-CoV-2-infected children. Comparison with similar European cohorts highlights how symptoms coming from the mucocutaneous-enteric, and the respiratory clusters are associated with a more severe clinical picture. CONCLUSIONS: This study promotes the importance to identify early prognostic patterns to help clinicians in the decision process, especially in COVID-19 pediatric patients

Maternal Exposure to Domestic Hair Cosmetics and Occupational Endocrine Disruptors Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Hypospadias in the Offspring

International audiencePregnant women are exposed to various chemical products at home and at work. Some of these products contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as cosmetics, pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, plastics or medications that could alter sexual differentiation and increase the risk of hypospadias. We evaluated maternal occupational and household exposures that could constitute risk factors for hypospadias. From 2011 to 2014, we enrolled 57 full-term newborns with hypospadias and three randomly selected controls per case (162 control newborns), matched for gestational age, from 11 maternity units in Picardy, France. Neonatal and parental data were collected at birth (personal characteristics, maternal lifestyle, and medical history). Maternal occupational exposure was assessed by a job-exposure matrix for EDCs from a job history questionnaire completed by mothers. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with univariate and multivariable logistic regression, and adjusted for relevant covariates. Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between hypospadias and potential maternal occupational exposure to EDCs and maternal household use of hair cosmetics (OR 6.1, 95% CI: 1.1-34.9; OR: 9.6, 95% CI: 1.4-66.1, respectively). Our results suggest that maternal occupational exposure to EDCs is a risk factor for hypospadias and suggests a possible influence of household use of hair cosmetics during early pregnancy on the incidence of hypospadias in the offspring. A larger study with more accurate exposure assessment should evaluate the impact of EDCs in hair cosmetics on the incidence of hypospadias

Response to Elwood, M. et al., Comment on: Maternal Exposure to Domestic Hair Cosmetics and Occupational Endocrine Disruptors Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Hypospadias in the Offspring. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 27

Dear Editor, Thank you for inviting us to reply to a “Comment” paper to our published paper “Maternal Exposure to Domestic Hair Cosmetics and Occupational Endocrine Disruptors Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Hypospadias in the Offspring” (Authors: Elodie Haraux, Karine Braun, Philippe Buisson, Erwan Stéphan-Blanchard, Jannick Ricard, Camille Devauchelle, Bernard Boudailliez, Pierre Tourneux, Richard Gouron, Karen Chardon).[...

Erratum: Haraux, E., et al. Maternal Exposure to Domestic Hair Cosmetics and Occupational Endocrine Disruptors Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Hypospadias in the Offspring. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 27

Due to an error during production, some data presented in Table 1 in the Experimental section of the published paper [1] were incorrect.[...

Hydrogen isotope measurements of bone and dental tissues from archaeological human and animal samples and their use as climatic and diet proxies

International audienceStable hydrogen isotope measurement of body tissues faces analytical and interpretative challenges such as hydrogen exchange with atmosphere or competitive influence of drinking water and food intake. Samples from the Gallic site of The ` zy-Glimont, France, have already been investigated isotopically for climate reconstruction and diet investigation of the buried individuals. This allows comparison with the hydrogen isotope composition (82H) of bone collagen, tooth enamel and of bulk bone measured for 8 humans and 11 animals. Three of the best -preserved human skeletons were incrementally sampled and show acceptable homogeneity of 82H values of bone collagen (<5%o) and of bulk bone (<10%o) despite various turnover rates of these tissues. Human tooth enamel records breastfeeding as attested by 82H values of pre-weaning teeth which are 2H-enriched by +20 to +30%o. We observe that the 82H of bone collagen and bulk bone are strongly correlated. The 82H signatures of bone collagen, tooth enamel and bulk bone record both climate conditions and dietary practices, as attested by linear re-lationships with traditional isotopic proxies (818O, 813C, 815N) which were previously measured on the same samples, although interpretations depend on the sampling strategy of each study. Measurements of 82H in bulk bone and dental tissues are more readily achievable than collagen which requires extraction and purification and could become crucial in studies where bone tissue is scarce or when the only available remains are tooth material