362 research outputs found
Nuclear Hydrodynamics in a Relativistic Mean Field Theory
Paper by J. D. Waleck
General study of superscaling in quasielastic and reactions using the relativistic impulse approximation
The phenomenon of superscaling for quasielastic lepton induced reactions at
energies of a few GeV is investigated within the framework of the relativistic
impulse approximation. A global analysis of quasielastic inclusive electron and
charged-current neutrino scattering reactions on nuclei is presented. Scaling
and superscaling properties are shown to emerge from both types of processes.
The crucial role played by final state interactions is evaluated by using
different approaches. The asymmetric shape presented by the experimental
scaling function, with a long tail in the region of positive values of the
scaling variable, is reproduced when the interaction in the final state between
the knockout nucleon and the residual nucleus is described within the
relativistic mean field approach. The impact of gauge ambiguities and off-shell
effects in the scaling function is also analyzed.Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. C. Section II has been
shortene
Search for the second forbidden beta decay of 8B to the ground state of 8Be
A significant decay branch of 8B to the ground state of 8Be would extend the
solar neutrino spectrum to higher energies than anticipated in the standard
solar models. These high-energy neutrinos would affect current neutrino
oscillation results and also would be a background to measurements of the hep
process. We have measured the delayed alpha particles from the decay of 8B,
with the goal of observing the two 46-keV alpha particles arising from the
ground-state decay. The 8B was produced using an in-flight radioactive beam
technique. It was implanted in a silicon PIN-diode detector that was capable of
identifying the alpha-particles from the 8Be ground state. From this
measurement we find an upper limit (at 90% confidence level) of 7.3 x 10^{-5}
for the branching ratio to the ground state. In addition to describing this
measurement, we present a theoretical calculation for this branching ratio.Comment: One reference corrected. Minor edits in tex
Neutral-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections based on relativistic nuclear energy density functional
Background: Inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering through the weak
neutral-current plays important role in stellar environment where transport of
neutrinos determine the rate of cooling. Since there are no direct experimental
data on neutral-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections available, only the
modeling of these reactions provides the relevant input for supernova
simulations. Purpose: To establish fully self-consistent framework for
neutral-current neutrino-nucleus reactions based on relativistic nuclear energy
density functional. Methods: Neutrino-nucleus cross sections are calculated
using weak Hamiltonian and nuclear properties of initial and excited states are
obtained with relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model and relativistic
quasiparticle random phase approximation that is extended to include pion
contributions for unnatural parity transitions. Results: Inelastic
neutral-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections for 12C, 16O, 56Fe, 56Ni, and
even isotopes {92-100}Mo as well as respective cross sections averaged over
distribution of supernova neutrinos. Conclusions: The present study provides
insight into neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections in the neutral channel,
their theoretical uncertainty in view of recently developed microscopic models,
and paves the way for systematic self-consistent large-scale calculations
involving open-shell target nuclei.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physical Review
Bridging over p-wave pi-production and weak processes in few-nucleon systems with chiral perturbation theory
I study an aspect of chiral perturbation theory (\chi PT) which enables one
to ``bridge'' different reactions. That is, an operator fixed in one of the
reactions can then be used to predict the other. For this purpose, I calculate
the partial wave amplitude for the p-wave pion production (pp\to pn\pi^+) using
the pion production operator from the lowest and the next nonvanishing orders.
The operator includes a contact operator whose coupling has been fixed using a
matrix element of a low-energy weak process (pp\to de^+\nu_e). I find that this
operator does not reproduce the partial wave amplitude extracted from
experimental data, showing that the bridging over the reactions with
significantly different kinematics is not necessarily successful. I study the
dependence of the amplitude on the various inputs such as the NN potential, the
\pi N\Delta coupling, and the cutoff. I argue the importance of a higher order
calculation. In order to gain an insight into a higher order calculation, I add
a higher order counter term to the operator used above, and fit the couplings
to both the low-energy weak process and the pion production. The energy
dependence of the partial wave amplitude for the pion production is described
by the operator consistently with the data. However, I find a result which
tells us to be careful about the convergence of the chiral expansion for the
pp\to pn\pi^+ reaction.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, figures changed, compacted tex
Influence of quark boundary conditions on the pion mass in finite volume
We calculate the mass shift for the pion in a finite volume with
renormalization group (RG) methods in the framework of the quark-mesons model.
In particular, we investigate the importance of the quark effects on the pion
mass. As in lattice gauge theory, the choice of quark boundary conditions has a
noticeable effect on the pion mass shift in small volumes, in addition to the
shift due to pion interactions. We compare our results to chiral perturbation
theory calculations and find differences due to the fact that chiral
perturbation theory only considers pion effects in the finite volume.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, RevTex4, published version, discussion of
lattice results extende
Muon Capture on Deuteron and 3He: A Personal Review
The present status of theoretical and experimental studies of muon capture
reactions on light nuclei is reviewed. In particular, the recent results for
the two reactions 2H(\mu^-,\nu_\mu)nn and 3He(\mu^-,\nu_\mu)3H are presented,
and the unresolved discrepancies among different measurements and calculations,
open problems, and future developments are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics
Inclusive charged-current neutrino-nucleus reactions calculated with the relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation
Inclusive neutrino-nucleus cross sections are calculated using a consistent
relativistic mean-field theoretical framework. The weak lepton-hadron
interaction is expressed in the standard current-current form, the nuclear
ground state is described with the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model, and
the relevant transitions to excited nuclear states are calculated in the
relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation. Illustrative test
calculations are performed for charged-current neutrino reactions on C,
O, Fe, and Pb, and results compared with previous studies
and available data. Using the experimental neutrino fluxes, the averaged cross
sections are evaluated for nuclei of interest for neutrino detectors. We
analyze the total neutrino-nucleus cross sections, and the evolution of the
contribution of the different multipole excitations as a function of neutrino
energy. The cross sections for reactions of supernova neutrinos on O and
Pb target nuclei are analyzed as functions of the temperature and
chemical potential.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Superscaling in electroweak excitation of nuclei
Superscaling properties of 12C, 16O and 40Ca nuclear responses, induced by
electron and neutrino scattering, are studied for momentum transfer values
between 300 and 700 MeV/c. We have defined two indexes to have quantitative
estimates of the scaling quality. We have analyzed experimental responses to
get the empirical values of the two indexes. We have then investigated the
effects of finite dimensions, collective excitations, meson exchange currents,
short-range correlations and final state interactions. These effects strongly
modify the relativistic Fermi gas scaling functions, but they conserve the
scaling properties. We used the scaling functions to predict electron and
neutrino cross sections and we tested their validity by comparing them with the
cross sections obtained with a full calculation. For electron scattering we
also made a comparison with data. We have calculated the total charge-exchange
neutrino cross sections for neutrino energies up to 300 MeV.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, 1 table; to be published in Physical Review
Strange-quark contribution to the ratio of neutral- to charged-current cross sections in neutrino-nucleus scattering
A formalism based on a relativistic plane wave impulse approximation is
developed to investigate the strange-quark content () of the
axial-vector form factor of the nucleon via neutrino-nucleus scattering.
Nuclear structure effects are incorporated via an accurately calibrated
relativistic mean-field model. The ratio of neutral- to charged-current cross
sections is used to examine the sensitivity of this observable to .
For values of the incident neutrino energy in the range proposed by the FINeSSE
collaboration and by adopting a value of , a 30% enhancement
in the ratio is observed relative to the result.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, Revtex, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
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