Zawartość pierwiastków śladowych w glebach regla górnego Szrenicy i Kowarskiego Grzbietu w Karkonoszach

New regular examination of soil contamination with trace elements (Pb, Zn, Cu) in the upper zone of spruce forest in the western (Mount Szrenica) and eastern (Kowarski Grzbiet range) Karkonosze Mountains was carried out as part of the monitoring network of forest ecosystems in the Karkonosze Mountains National Park. Soil samples were taken at the following three depths: forest litter (the whole layer), 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Clearly raised concentrations of lead were found, particularly in forest litter (mean 83.2 mg⋅kg-1) and in horizons 0-10 cm (mean 73.3 mg⋅kg-1). Copper and zinc occurred in smaller amounts, in the ectohumus layer 47.5 mg Zn⋅kg-1 and 23.8 mg Cu⋅kg-1 (mean concentrations), and in the layer 0-10 cm – 33.7 mg Zn⋅kg-1 and 19.9 mg Cu⋅kg-1. Zinc and copper concentrations in soils of the upper spruce forest zone did not increase with altitude above mean sea level, and were slightly higher in the eastern part of Karkonosze Mts. (the Kowarski Grzbiet). Concentrations of lead were apparently higher in the western part of the Karkosze Mts. and increased with altitude AMSL.W strefie regla górnego Karkonoszy zachodnich (Szrenica) i wschodnich (Kowarski Grzbiet) przeprowadzono analizę zanieczyszczenia gleb pierwiastkami śladowymi (Pb, Zn, Cu) opartą na monitoringu ekosystemów leśnych Karkonoskiego Parku Narodowego. W tym celu pobrano próbki z trzech głębokości: próchnicę nadkładową (w całej miąższości), 0-10 cm i 10-20 cm. Stwierdzono wyraźnie podwyższoną zawartość ołowiu, szczególnie w próchnicach nadkładowych (średnio 83,2 mg⋅kg-1) i warstwie 0-10 cm (średnio 73,3 mg⋅kg-1). Miedź i cynk występują w mniejszych ilościach, w ektohumusie średnio 47,5 mg Zn⋅kg-1 i 23,8 mg Cu⋅kg-1, a w warstwie 0-10 cm średnio 33,7 mg Zn⋅kg-1 i 19,9 mg Cu⋅kg-1. Zawartość cynku i miedzi w glebach regla górnego nie zwiększa się z wysokością n.p.m. i jest nieco wyższa we wschodniej części Karkonoszy (Kowarski Grzbiet) niż w zachodniej (Szrenica). Zawartość ołowiu jest wyraźnie wyższa w zachodniej części Karkonoszy i zwiększa się z wysokością n.p.m

Skład frakcyjny próchnicy wybranych gleb leśnych Karkonoszy

This paper describes the fractions of humus compounds present in the organic and mineral horizons of the forest soils in the area of the Karkonosze Mountains. Soil profiles that represented the mountain Podzols and Dystric Cambisol were located on the northern slope along an altitude gradient from 890 to 1255 m a.s.l. Two soils were located under the spruce forest, and one in the subalpine meadow. Soil samples were taken both from the surface organic layers (the ectohumus layer) and from the mineral horizons. Fractionation of humus compounds was made using the modified Turin method. The soils had the texture of loamy sand and sandy loam, an acidic or strongly acidic reaction, low base saturation, and the predomination of aluminum among exchangeable cations. A significant increase in the fulvic fraction (Ia) with depth in the soil profiles was observed that confirmed the high mobility of this fraction in the acid mountain soils, higher in the forest soils, and lower in the meadow soils. The content of fraction I decreased generally with depth in the soil profile; however, a secondary increase was observed in an illuvial Bh horizon of the Podzols. Fulvic acids predominated over the humic acids and this predominance increased with depth in the soil profile. The ratio of the humic to the fulvic acids in fraction I in the ectohumus horizons was influenced by the composition of a biomass inflow. TheCHA:CFA ratio had the highest values under a spruce forest compared to a mixed stand and a subalpine meadow. In the surface horizons of the forest soils, a predominance of humic over fulvic acids was always observed, while in the subalpine meadow soils, the fulvic acids predominated over the humic acids in all soil horizons. Based on this study, it can be stated that the vegetation type and the dominant soil-forming process rather than simply climate factors influence the fractional composition of humus in the mountain soils of the Karkonosze Mountains

Sand removal from sandstone cliffs as the main factor influencing properties of organic soils - a case study of transitional Bog in the Stolowe Mountains

With this paper we investigate the effect of sand contribution to organic soils and direct influence of this process on the physical and physicochemical properties on the example of transitional bog in the Stołowe Mountains (the Central Sudetes), which was periodically covered by sand material from sandstone cliffs weathering. Field survey and soil sampling were conducted in August 2015 in the area of Białe Skały. Soil material for laboratory analysis was collected from three peat cores, while soil samples were collected from each soil horizon distinguished in each core. Obtained results indicate the great impact of mineral material admixture on soil properties, both physicochemical and chemical. Recorded values of each soil parameter in the organic horizons adjacent to the mineral interlayers differ considerably from those obtained in the soil profile free of sand admixtures. Preliminary study of soil cover of transitional bog will allow correct planning of palaeoecological research about genesis and evolution of this peatland