Open Government Data: A Focus on Key Economic and Organizational Drivers

Grounding the analysis on multidisciplinary literature on the topic, the existing EU legislation and relevant examples, this working paper aims at highlighting some key economic and organizational aspects of the "Open Government Data" paradigm and its drivers and implications within and outside Public Administrations. The discussion intends to adopt an "Internet Science" perspective, taking into account as enabling factors the digital environment itself, as well as specific models and tools. More "traditional" and mature markets grounded on Public Sector Information are also considered, in order to indirectly detect the main differences with respect to the aforementioned paradig

The phosphorous necrosis of the jaws and what can we learn from the past: a comparison of "phossy" and "bisphossy" jaw

INTRODUCTION: The osteopathology of the jaws associated with bone resorption inhibitors is a current topic that engages a variety of clinical specialists. This has increased after the approval of denosumab for treatment of osteoporosis and skeletal-related events in patients with solid malignancy. Early after the first publications, there is a possible connection between phosphorous necrosis of the jaws, a dreadful industrial disease mentioned, and bisphosphonate-induced pathology. The nineteenth century was the prime time for phosphorus necrosis of match factory workers. RESULTS: This occurrence provides an interesting insight into the medical and surgical profession in the nineteenth century. There are striking parallels and repetition of current and old ideas in the approach to this "new disease." There are similar examples in case descriptions when compared with today's patients of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). DISCUSSION: Phosphorus necrosis was first described in Austria. Soon after this, surgeons in German-speaking countries including well-known clinicians Wegner (1872) and von Schulthess-Rechberg (1879) pioneered the analysis, preventative measures, and treatment of this disease. The tendency at this time was to approach BRONJ as a "special kind of osteomyelitis" in pretreated and metabolically different bone. Not only the treatment strategy to wait until sequestrum formation with subsequent removal and preventative measures but also the idea of focusing on the periosteum as the triggering anatomical structure may have been adopted from specialists in the nineteenth century. Therefore, phosphorous necrosis of the jaw is an excellent example of "learning from the past.

Limits on the production of scalar leptoquarks from Z (0) decays at LEP

A search has been made for pairs and for single production of scalar leptoquarks of the first and second generations using a data sample of 392000 Z0 decays from the DELPHI detector at LEP 1. No signal was found and limits on the leptoquark mass, production cross section and branching ratio were set. A mass limit at 95% confidence level of 45.5 GeV/c2 was obtained for leptoquark pair production. The search for the production of a single leptoquark probed the mass region above this limit and its results exclude first and second generation leptoquarks D0 with masses below 65 GeV/c2 and 73 GeV/c2 respectively, at 95% confidence level, assuming that the D0lq Yukawa coupling alpha(lambda) is equal to the electromagnetic one. An upper limit is also given on the coupling alpha(lambda) as a function of the leptoquark mass m(D0)

Paleomagnetism of Jurassic sediments from the western border of the Rheingraben, Alsace (France)

Upper Bajocian oolithic limestones and Pliensbachian marls and marly ovoids from 9 sites distributed over 4 exposures at the western border of the Rheingraben (mean coordinates 47.8° N, 7.5° E) were sampled by 92 samples. The carriers of the natural remanent magnetization in the limestones are goethite and magnetite, and in the marls and ovoids the carrier is magnetite. After tectonic correction, the characteristic component of NRM isolated in the cleaning processes was mostly of normal polarity. The mean direction is D = 30.1°, I = 53.2° (N = 7, k = 92, α95 = 6.3°) and the pole position is 63.1° N, 120.1° E. It is close to the Jurassic reference data for the stable European plate.           ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y066400 Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/122 &nbsp

Paleomagnetic study of upper carboniferous volcanics from Sudetes (Poland)

Upper Carboniferous and Permian volcanites from Sudetes were sampled in 11 localities (mean site coordinates: 50.8°N, 16.3°E). Thermal demagnetizations of the samples showed several magnetic components. But in one site, all high-temperature components are reversed. The interpretation of the results shows a first, primary magnetization acquired probably in the Upper Carboniferous before tilting (N = 8, D = 192°, I = -2°, k = 27, α95 = 11°, pole: 39°N, 181°E) and a remagnetization acquired later, during or after tilting (N = 5, D = 190°, I = -19°, k = 18, α95 = 18°, pole: 48°N, 181°E).           ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y097077 Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/125 &nbsp

Jurassic Monster Polar Shift Confirmed by Sequential Paleopoles From Adria, Promontory of Africa

Jurassic paleomagnetic data from North America have long been contentious, generating ambiguities in the shape of the global‐composite apparent polar wander path. Here we show from a restudy of two subdivisions of the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at the classic locality at Norwood on the Colorado Plateau that the derived paleopoles reflect variable overprinting probably in the Cretaceous and are of limited value for apparent polar wander determination. We instead assembled an updated set of Jurassic paleopoles from parauthocthonous Adria, the African promontory, using primary paleomagnetic component directions derived from stratigraphically superposed intervals and corrected for sedimentary inclination error. These paleopoles are found to be in superb agreement with independent igneous paleopoles from the literature across the so‐called Jurassic monster polar shift, which in North American coordinates is a jump of ~30° arc distance from the 190‐ to 160‐Ma stillstand pole at 79.5°N 104.8°E to a 148 ± 3.5‐Ma pole at 60.8°N 200.6°E defined by four Adria sedimentary paleopoles and the published Ithaca, Hinlopenstretet, and Swartsruggens‐Bumbeni igneous paleopoles. The implied high rate of polar motion of ~2.5°/Myr across the monster shift is compatible with maximum theoretical estimates for true polar wander. We include a critique of published Jurassic paleomagnetic data that have been variably used in reference APWPs but that as a result of their low quality muted the real magnitude of the Jurassic monster shift. Finally, we provide paleocontinental reconstructions to describe examples of the bold signature that the monster polar shift left in the distribution of climate‐sensitive sedimentary facies worldwide