Voltage-current characteristic simulator Patent

Simulating voltage-current characteristic curves of solar cell panel with different operational parameter

A Technique of Improved Medial Meniscus Visualization by Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Placement in Chronic Anterior Cruciate Deficient Knees

It is customary to perform medial meniscus repair before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft placement when undertaken as a combined procedure. However, in chronic ACL-deficient knees, intraoperative anterior tibiofemoral translation can cause the medial meniscus repair to be more technically challenging. Intraoperative anterior tibiofemoral translation can both reduce the visualization of the medial meniscus and make its reduction unstable. An operative sequence alteration of ACL graft placement and tensioning before medial meniscal repair improves medial meniscus visualization in chronically ACL-deficient knees by using the ACL graft’s ability to prevent anterior tibiofemoral translation. The technique sequence is as follows: (a) the medial meniscus is reduced, (b) ACL reconstruction is undertaken using a hamstring graft without final tibia fixation, (c) distal graft tension is manually applied to distal graft sutures by the surgeon to prevent tibiofemoral subluxation, (d) the medial meniscus is repaired while graft tension is applied, and (e) the graft is then fixed to the tibia using an interference screw or another device

The Academy of Dental Materials: Providing roots and wings.

ObjectivesThe long history of the Academy of Dental Materials (ADM) is documented with its strategies (a) to rapidly communicate science among its members, (b) to establish special awards to stimulate new science, and (c) to develop new dental materials scientists.MethodsWe searched the history of the last 35 years of the ADM newsletters, transactions, journals, and officer notes. We document the (a) presidents, (b) meeting history, (c) membership growth, and (d) development of special awards through 2019 with the recent creation of the ADM Marshall Post-Doctoral Award.ResultsThere are 36 years of recent ADM history, 42 international meetings, membership growth to 400 individuals from 15 countries, service of 19 presidents, Paffenbarger annual Awardees since 1989, induction of >200 fellows, and recognition of the first winner of Marshall Post-Doctoral Award in 2018. New directions for recruiting members are suggested. Three potential new thrusts for the organization are presented: artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and intensive member mentoring.SignificanceThese suggestions for the ADM provide a path for the ADM to continue to adapt to the ever changing scientific landscape

Novel metallic and insulating states at a bent quantum Hall junction

A non-planar geometry for the quantum Hall (QH) effect is studied, whereby two quantum Hall (QH) systems are joined at a sharp right angle. When both facets are at equal filling factor nu the junction hosts a channel with non-quantized conductance, dependent on nu. The state is metallic at nu = 1/3, with conductance along the junction increasing as the temperature T drops. At nu = 1, 2 it is strongly insulating, and at nu = 3, 4 shows only weak T dependence. Upon applying a dc voltage bias along the junction, the differential conductance again shows three different behaviors. Hartree calculations of the dispersion at the junction illustrate possible explanations, and differences from planar QH structures are highlighted.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, text + figs revised for clarit

Does Race Matter? - Outcomes of the First Year Experience in a Canadian University

Canadian cities are experiencing increasing ethnic and racial diversity. As a result there is a growing concern with the degree to which Canadian institutions meet the needs of a heterogeneous population. Despite this concern, as yet, there have been no systematic studies of race relations on Canadian campuses and the degree to which outcomes of the university experience are affected by race. Data for the current study were collected at York University through a survey of 1,093 students at the time of entry in September and a survey of 1,129 students conducted in February/March of the first year. Data analysis focuses on the background characteristics of students of various races, their social and academic involvement and classroom experiences, outcomes of the first year in university, and the degree to which race affects both experiences and outcomes. It is found that in general students of non-European origins come from families with different socio-economic characteristics than those of European descent. In addition, the nature of the university experience varies by minority status and/or race. Comparisons, however, do not always favour students of European origin. Finally, although some outcomes of the first year experience - self-assessed intellectual development and knowledge, grade point averages, and intentions to return to the university - vary by racial group; race per se explains little, if any, of the total variance. In essence, there is a considerable degree of equality in outcomes so far as race is concerned. Explanations for differences in outcomes are to be found in classroom experiences, contacts with faculty etc., and academic involvement.Les villes canadiennes connaissent actuellement une croissance importante de la diversité ethnique et raciale. On se demande toujours jusqu 'à quel point les universités canadiennes répondent aux besoins d'une population hétérogène. En dépit de cette appréhension, toutefois, il n'y a pas eu une seule étude systématique ni sur les relations raciales dans les campus canadiens ni sur l'importance de la question raciale dans la vie universitaire. Les données de l'étude que nous menons actuellement ont été recueillies à l'université York grâce à un sondage mené auprès de 1.093 étudiants au moment de la rentrée en septembre et à un autre sondage mené auprès de 1.129 étudiants en février-mars de la première année. L'analyse des données se concentre sur les antécédents des étudiants de diverses races, leur participation à la vie sociale et académique, leur expérience en classe, leurs résultats de la première année universitaire ainsi que sur l'importance de la question raciale dans leur vie étudiante. Il a été établi qu'en général, les étudiants d'origine non européenne viennent de familles dont les caractéristiques socio-économiques sont plus variées que ceux d'origine européenne. De plus, la nature de leur expérience universitaire varie selon la minorité ethnique et raciale à laquelle ils appartiennent. Des comparaisons, toutefois, ne favorisent pas toujours les étudiants d'origine européenne. Finalement, bien que certains résultats de l'expérience de la première année, tels que le développement intellectuel et la connaissance acquise (évalués par les étudiants eux-mêmes), les moyennes de réussite scolaire et les intentions de poursuivre des études universitaires, varient selon le groupe racial, l'appartenau raciale à elle seule explique très peu toute la variance. En somme, il y a un degré considérable d'égalité dans les résultats si on prend seulement la question raciale en considération. Les explications des différences de résultats doivent être trouvées dans l'expérience en classe, dans les contacts avec le corps enseignant, etc. ainsi que dans la participation à la vie académique

Place of Residence, Student Involvement, and First Year Marks

Research conducted in the United States has shown that students living in residence have greater gains in areas such as intellectual development, and are more likely to stay in university and complete their degrees, than students who live off-campus. The enhanced student involvement of those in residence is often cited in explanation for positive outcomes such as these. While there are some dissenting voices, research has also demonstrated that place of residence has little, if any, impact on marks. In a study of York University, a large commuter university, it is shown that place of residence does affect student involvement and first year marks; however, after controlling for OAC marks and faculty of enrollment, the first year marks of students who live at home with parents are higher than those of students in residence. Part of the explanation for this phenomenon can be found in the fact that despite their place of residence off-campus and low involvement in some activities, students living with their parents have higher rates of classroom involvement than students living in residence. In essence, living off-campus with parents does not represent a disadvantage in terms of first year marks.Une recherche effectuée aux États-unis a montré que les étudiants vivant en résidence retirent davantage, notamment sur le plan du développement intellectuel, et sont plus susceptibles de terminer leurs études universitaires que ceaux qui demeurent à l'extérieur du campus. On explique souvent ces résultats positifs par la forte participation de ces étudiants à la vie universitaire. En dépit de certains avis divergents, la recherche a aussi montré que le lieu de résidence a peu ou pas d'influence sur les notes des étudiants. Une étude sur l'université York, où un grand nombre d'étudiants vivent hors campus, a montré que le lieu de résidence influe sur la participation et sur les notes de première année. Toutefois, après avoir contrôle les notes obtenues par les étudiants au CPO et la faculté à laquelle ils étaient inscrits, il a été possible d'observer que les notes des étudiants de première année qui vivaient chez leurs parents étaient plus élevées que celles de ceux qui vivaent en résidence. Cette constatation peur en partie s'expliquer par le fait que, malgré leur lieu de résidence et leur faible participation à certaines activités, les étudiants vivant chez leurs parents présentent un taux de participation en classe plus élevé que leurs collègues vivant en résidence. Essentiellement, le fait de vivre au domicile familial ne représente pas un désavantage eu égard aux notes obtenues en première année

Measuring carrier density in parallel conduction layers of quantum Hall systems

An experimental analysis for two parallel conducting layers determines the full resistivity tensor of the parallel layer, at magnetic fields where the other layer is in the quantum Hall regime. In heterostructures which exhibit parallel conduction in the modulation-doped layer, this analysis quantitatively determines the charge density in the doping layer and can be used to estimate the mobility. To illustrate one application, experimental data show magnetic freeze-out of parallel conduction in a modulation doped heterojunction. As another example, the carrier density of a minimally populated second subband in a two-subband quantum well is determined. A simple formula is derived that can estimate the carrier density in a highly resistive parallel layer from a single Hall measurement of the total system.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure