Experimental damping-in-pitch of two slender cones at Mach 2 and incidences up to 30 deg

Oscillatory experiments were performed on two slender cones at Mach 2 and incidences up to 30 deg, using three different experimental arrangements. The damping-in-pitch was found to remain constant at incidences of up to a value approximately corresponding to the cone semi-angle, after which an almost linear increase with incidence was noted. The results obtained with the different techniques were in very good agreement up to an incidence of 15 deg and in some cases up to 25 deg

Seasonal Distribution of Diarrhea among Children aged 1-5 Years in Slums of Southern India: A Cross-Sectional Door to Door Survey

INTRODUCTION: Diarrhea, a water borne disease is very prevalent in children under 5 years of age and lead to serious consequences among them if not treated on time. AIM: To assess the Seasonal Distribution of diarrhea among children aged 1-5 years in slums of southern IndiaMATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was a planned door to door survey via a standard, pre-validated and pre-tested questionnaire among the slums the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Data was collected from the mothers/caretakers of children aged 1-5 years regarding Diarrheal episodes in the past one year. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0 and by applying the independent samples t-test as well as the multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 2684 children were reported having diarrhea, out of which there were slightly more females (52.1%) as compared to males (47.9%). 55.1% of children were treated at home, while 34.2% needed consultation and 10.7% required hospitalization. Most cases were reported in the monsoon season (39.3%), followed by summer (30.6%), winter(22.5%) and autumn (7.6%). The independent samples t-test (p=0.03) as well as the multivariate logistic regression (p=0.01) showed significant results while comparing the occurrence of diarrhea in monsoon seasons in comparison to other seasons.CONCLUSION: Further studies are advised among slum dwellers so that proper and tailor made programs can be directed in reducing the effect of diarrhea in children residing in slums in southern India

Important synoptic features during INDOEX IFP-99

INDOEX IFP-99 was undertaken as part of the international experiment in the Indian Ocean to take observations pertaining to aerosols, radiation, cloud physics and other related meteorological parameters. The important-aim of the INDOEX was to quantify radiative forcing due to natural and anthropogenic aerosols and their feedback on regional and global climate systems. Since prevailing circulation features transports aerosols, it is essential that important synoptic patterns during the expedition phase, i.e. 20 January to 10 March 1999 be examined. Based on the synoptic features it was noticed that crossequatorial flow in lower levels from western Arabian Sea to southern Indian Ocean was significantly higher than the eastern Arabian Sea. Two cyclonic storms, one in the south Bay of Bengal during 1-3 February and another in the south Indian Ocean during 4-13 March were observed. Significant changes in the cross-equatorial flow in the lower/upper tropospheric levels and ITCZ locations were noticed

Role of radiologically guided FNAC in determining the lesions of spine

Introduction: The vertebral column is an important site for occurrence of different variety of inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions. The advantages of the image guide FNAC are: Minimal invasive, relatively inexpensive, accurate, outdoor procedure, minimal complication, takes shorter time for diagnosis and can be repeated. Objective: find out relation between diagnosis made by radiological guided FNAC and clinoco-radiological findings. Methodology: The present cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, G.R.M.C., Gwalior from Nov. 2011 to March 2014. Patients of age 5 yrs and above with neurological signs and symptoms due to spinal lesions having normal coagulation profile and consenting to participate were included in the study. Each under went clinic-radiological examination and radiologically guided FNAC. Results: All the patients who were clinic-radiologically suspected as case of Pott's spine were confirmed on FNAC as Pott's spine (35 out of 35). The patients in whom metastasis was presumptive diagnosis, on FNAC only 9 out of 21 i.e. 42.86% turned out to have metastases of spine, rest of the patients were found to have Pott's spine (7 i.e. 33.33%), multiple myeloma (4 i.e. 19.05%) on cytological confirmation. Conclusion: Patients with Pott’s spine should undergo radiologically guided FNAC as a routine part of their work up to rule out metastasis of the spine

Paediatric traumatic chronic subdural hematoma - a very rare entity: Single institution study of 5 cases

Objectives: To study the prevalence of Traumatic chronic subdural hematoma in children. Material and methods: This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care centre at Gwalior, from November 2020 to November 2021. We encountered 5 patients admitted for signs of raised intracranial tension due to Head trauma, showing Chronic subdural Haematoma ( CSDH) in plain CT  Head or MRI brain. All patients had no history of loss of consciousness, no history of vomiting, no history of seizures, no history of nasal or ear bleed and GCS was 15/15. All blood investigation and coagulation profiles are normal. Frontal and parietal 2.5 cm trephine craniotomy with evacuation of subdural hematoma was done. Patients were followed up at 1 month and 6 months Result: All children are male. Age ranging from 7 years to 14 years, Mean age of presentation was 10 years. All patients had a history of head trauma and mode of injury road traffic accidents (RTA)  and Glasgow coma scale(GCS) at admission was 15 and duration of developed CSDH was 20 days to 42 days’(mean30.40 days). All patients had good outcomes and the average follow-up was 6.5 months. All patients went on Surgical intervention. and outcome assessed by Glasgow Outcome score. 3 out of 5 patients had brownish fluid as a collection in subdural space while the other 2 patients had fluid that has motor oil like consistency in subdural space. All the patients were subjected to a similar procedure. The postoperative course was uneventful. Mean hospital stay was 7 days.  A postoperative scan was done on the 7th day. Conclusion: Chronic Subdural Hematoma is a disease reported in infants and the elderly population. It is uncommon in the age group of 2-14 years. Most of the children present with symptoms of raised intracranial tension due to head injury, with no reported history of repeated head trauma, child abuse & coagulopathy. Traumatic Chronic subdural collection should be considered as one of the diagnoses as the prognosis of this disease is better. However, due to the scarcity of reports in the literature, established guidelines are not available

Clinico-radiological factors affecting visual recovery in pituitary tumours

Objectives: It is a prospective, single institute, observational study: primary outcome measure; factors determining visual field improvement and secondary outcome measure; the relationship between severity of visual impairment and duration of symptoms. Material and Methods: It is a prospective, single institute, observational study that will be conducted between January 2020 and January 2022 in the department of Neurosurgery at the G. R. Medical College &J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior(M.P.), a tertiary centre in India. All patients were admitted to the neuro-surgery department & operated on basis of a CT Scan of head/MRI findings. Patients with Laboratory findings having hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus (DI), and hyperprolactinemia and willing to undergo Endocrinological & visual field tests in inclusion criteria. Data obtained from the study will be analyse by using appropriate statistical tests or methods Results: At present, series most common age presentation (36.7%) between 21-30 years. In our study, of the total patients, 60% were males and 40% were females.  The male to female ratio is 2:1 most common complaint of vision loss and only 50% had hormonal symptoms. In our study 46.7% patients have duration of symptoms < 6 months and 6/6 - 6/24 visual acuity was present in 73.3% patients & 13.3% had optic atrophy(primary/secondary), 43.3%patients had bi-temporal hemianopia. In our study Suprasellar extension was present in 90% of patients & Vascular invasion was seen in 26.7% of patients. Conclusion: Good results are seen in patients who have a lesser duration of symptoms, and good pre-operative visual acuity has improved the final visual outcome. Post-operative visual recovery is most promising after 3 months to 1 year of surgery. immediate results of visual recovery should not be expected.  Most patients presented with larger adenomas had poor visual recovery as compared to small adenomas. Patients who underwent endoscopic trans-nasal, trans-sphenoidal resection had better post-operative recovery