Polymorphism and danger susceptibility of system call DASTONs

We have proposed a metaphor “DAnger Susceptible daTa codON� (DASTON) in data subject to processing by Danger Theory (DT) based Artificial Immune System (DAIS). The DASTONs are data chunks or data point sets that actively take part to produce “danger�; here we abstract “danger� as required outcome. To have closer look to the metaphor, this paper furthers biological abstractions for DASTON. Susceptibility of DASTON is important parameter for generating dangerous outcome. In biology, susceptibility of a host to pathogenic activities (potentially dangerous activities) is related to polymorphism. Interestingly, results of experiments conducted for system call DASTONs are in close accordance to biological theory of polymorphism and susceptibility. This shows that computational data (system calls in this case) exhibit biological properties when processed with DT point of view

Benefits of a good posture in Cello playing the relation between posture and quality of performance / Mohd Iqbal Mohd Hisham

This study was carried out to addressed the benefits of posture in cello playing in relations between posture and quality of performance A total of five (5) respondents was selected to be interviewed during the period given of the study. A set of interview was designed and conducted to gain primary data from the respondents. A non-participant observation was also selected to be one of the data collection method in this study. From the overall findings, the study showed that there was two benefits gained by an appropriates posture in cello playing related towards the posture and the quality of performance. The study also carried out the causes that prevent cellists from executing the right posture while playing and the effects when cellists neglecting the right posture‘ In conclusion, the study the benefits towards posture in cello playing was addressed. Hence, recommendation for further research is included in this study

KONTROL OPTIMAL PADA PERMASALAHAN TERORISME DAN SIMPATI PUBLIK

Model kontrol optimal permasalahan terorisme dan simpati publik merupakan model matematika yang dikembangkan oleh Caulkins untuk memerangi suatu kelompok teroris dengan memanfaatkan dukungan simpati publik. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk memperoleh solusi optimal dari model kontrol optimal yang telah dimodifikasi fungsi tujuannya dan melakukan perbandingan solusi optimal dari model Caulkins dengan solusi optimal dari model Caulkins yang telah dimodifikasi fungsi tujuannya. Metode untuk model kontrol optimal pada penelitian ini diselesaikan secara numerik dengan menggunakan software Tomlab PROPT. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa tingkat simpati publik pada model Caulkins menghasilkan nilai 1,6229 sedangkan yang dimodifikasi fungsi tujuannya 2,3293. Pendanaan untuk aksi terorisme pada model Caulkins menghasilkan nilai 16.0876 (Currency unit) sedangkan yang dimodifikasi fungsi tujuannya 14.4645 (Currency unit). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model kontrol optimal yang telah dimodifikasi fungsi tujuannya menghasilkan simpati publik yang meningkat dan pendanaan untuk aksi terorisme lebih rendah pada akhir waktu daripada model yang dikembangkan oleh Caulkins

The Performance of Statistical Inference after Model Checking

Most standard statistical inference procedures rely on model assumptions such as normality, independent and identically distributed and the like. Often in practice, such assumptions are formally tested before applying the inference. Such a procedure does not ensure that the model assumptions are really fulfilled because the standard theory for popular inference tests does not take into account that the data has been selected by a previous model check. Applying a misspecification test violates the very model assumption it was meant to enforce. (``misspecification paradox''). In practice it is useful to have an alternative test in the case that the misspecification test rejects the model assumption. However, this does not completely address the misspecification paradox because there is still a certain probability that the model assumption is rejected when it is in fact true, and vice versa. This thesis is about investigating, theoretically and by simulations, the performance of such a combined procedure. A novel simulation process is proposed where samples can be randomly chosen from a situation where the model assumption is fulfilled or violated. A few combinations of distributions and statistical tests are considered and both level and power are presented and discussed. Although the levels show no strong evidence of choosing the combined procedure over the tests run without model checking, the power plots show that in certain conditions, it can be more powerful. A theory is presented where it is shown that in a particular situation and with reasonable assumptions, the combined procedure does have a higher power compared to unconditional tests. The assumptions were relaxed a little and the same conclusions could be made. Finally, a three stage testing procedure in two different scenarios, distributional shape and linear regression significance, are presented and discussed. The same conclusions can be made from the levels and powers

Development of hemp fabric reinforced composites

One of the activities producing a destructive impact on the environment is uncontrolled or illegal timber harvesting. It is a response to high market demand due to the modernisation of lifestyles. The awareness of world’s population of the global environmental problems related to this issue has increased the popularity of natural fibre reinforced composites. Its availability and the data available on its properties tend to provide assurance for its application in many fields. The main objective of this project is to develop material using woven hemp fabric (WHF) and vinyl ester resin as a potential alternative to the utilisation of woods or engineered wood products. Apart from the composite development, fire retardant, water absorption and fatigue properties of the WHF reinforced composite are investigated. Some characterisations of the fabric properties were undertaken to verify the data given by the supplier as well as to collect more data about the fabric since the data given by the supplier is usually more general and inadequate for technical purposes. Investigation was done on the properties of two batches of a similar nominal quality which were obtained within a three month time interval. The weight of fabric was found to be lower than what was provided by the supplier. Other properties measured were fabric densities, yarn sizes, yarn crimp percentage, cloth cover factors, chemical composition, thermal properties as well as fabric strength. It was concluded that the properties of the two batches are most likely not only identical from a textile point of view, but are also similar from an engineering point of view. Characterisation on the composite made of WHF with different layering orientations and vinyl ester (HVE) were found to have consistent density and fibre volume fraction due to properties of WHF. In terms of tensile, flexural and impact properties, depending on the layer orientation, their properties were slightly different. Inferential statistical analysis confirmed layering orientation affected the mechanical properties of the fabricated composite. Nevertheless, the differences among them less than 10% which suggests that any layering of this fabric can be used for composite fabrication. The properties of fabricated composites were comparable to some wood and engineered wood product. However, their densities were found to be higher than those of woods. When the WHFs were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), fire retardant chemical (FR) and combination of both (NaOH+FR), their densities and shrinkage properties increased due to the swollen fibres. The fire retardant properties of treated fabric also increased and this were proven by the burning, themogravimetry analysis and limiting oxygen index tests. However, all the treatments decreased the mechanical strength of WHFs. All these treated fabric were then utilised to reinforce vinyl ester using [0, 90]10 layering orientation. The changes in the WHFs’s physical properties increased the density (ranging from 1.1 to 1.21g/cm3) and fibre volume fraction (ranging from 33 to 37.12%) of HVEs. Although the mechanical properties of HVEs made of treated WHFs were found to be decreased due to poor adhesion between hemp fibres and vinyl ester, they are still comparable to woods and engineered wood products. The improvements in fire retardant properties for treated fabrics were also proven to enhance their HVEs’ fire retardant properties. HVE made of WHF treated with FR was found to be the best against the fire and its mechanical properties were still suitable for use as an alternative to woods and engineered wood products. This kind of HVE was then used to analyse it degradation properties (mechanical and fire retardant properties) when subjected to water absorption. In terms of HVEs’ water absorption properties, the maximum water uptake and time to reach saturation point were 3.27% and 552 hr respectively. The diffusion coefficient calculated using Fick’s law, which is 4.71E-06 mm2/s and this was found lower than wood products. In terms of mechanical properties, the presence of water reduced the tensile strength and modulus up to 24% and 39% respectively due to the penetration of water which weakened the adhesion between the fibres and resin. The flexural properties was increased after 2688 hr of water immersion due to the swollen fibres which is attributed to high amount of water infiltration thus fill the gaps between the fibre and the matrix. The presence of water also degraded its fire retardant performance. It was found that the durability or fastness of fire retardant chemical treatment on this HVE composite was between 168 hr and 840 hr of water immersion. In terms of fatigue properties, the fatigue strength coefficient, b, was found to be 0.12 and these HVEs were tested under low load cycle with higher stress level ranging from 50% up to 80%. As suggested by other worker, the safety limits for sample HVE-UT (untreated WHF) and HVE-FR (FR treated WHF) are defined to be 30 and 24MPa respectively. At the end of this study, a ‘material selection guide’ was established for the use by relevant stake holders when producing WHF reinforced vinyl ester. This selection guide is important which can be related in many ways such as in product life cycle, determination of cost/energy, identification of suitable application etc

Cotton wastes for composite reinforcement / Mohd Iqbal Misnon

This study assesses the possibility of fabricating composites out of cotton waste. Two (2) types of cotton wastes were taken from a spinning mill and used in this study , which were blowing waste and comb noils. Two (2) types of matrices were used in this project: polyester resin (thermosets) and polypropylene (thermoplastic). Composite materials were fabricated using compression with mould (hot press) for thermoplastic resin and compression without mould for thermoset resin. Tensile and flexural test were done in order to assess the mechanical properties of cotton waste composites. Statistical analysis using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc; Duncan were derived to test any significant difference in tensile and flexural strength results. Comb noils-polyester composite was found to produce the highest result in tensile and flexural strength which are 71.01 MPa and 126.85 MPa respectively. The lowest is exhibited by blowing waste-polyester composite which is 48.73 MPa and 83.63 MPa for tensile and flexural strength. Comb noils-polypropylene composite also show the highest tensile and flexural strength of 54.22 MPa and 75.60 MPa respectively and the lowest is exhibited by comb noils-polypropylene composite via crushing method which are 26.97 MPa for tensile and 58.75 MPa for flexural strength. Regression and correlation analysis was also done in order to determine the trend of all the parameters. Good relationship between tensile and flexural properties was also found with cotton waste composites. It was also found that a positive correlation existed for tensile and flexural prop~rties with the length of the waste fibres used . The longer the length of the fibres , the higher would be the strength. However , this is only true for normal size textile fibres and not the nano and other smaller size fibres

High performance blended membranes using a novel preparation technique

The possibility of applying novel microwave (MW) technique in the dissolution of polyethersulfone (PES) and lithium halides in aprotic solvent is studied. The lithium halides additives used are lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium bromide (LiBr) and lithium chloride (LiCl) and a comparison is made with conventional method. PES was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the single solvent whilst for the double solvent (DS); PES was dissolved in a mixture of two different solvents DMF and acetone. The concentrations of lithium halide in both solvents were varied from 1 to 5 wt%. In order to illuminate the mechanism through which lithium halide influences the kinetic membrane performance in both techniques, rheological, FTIR, contact angle and water uptake analysis were performed. The performances of the membranes were evaluated in terms of pure water permeation (PWP), permeation rate (PR) and separation rates of various polyethylene glycols. Result revealed that the hollow fiber MW membrane with the 3 wt% LiBr additive exhibits both high permeation rates of 222.16 Lm-2hr-1 and separation rates of 99% and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 2.6 kDa. In general, the MW membranes exhibited higher permeation and separation rates compared to conventional electrothermal heating (CEH) membranes. The FTIR, contact angle and water uptake measurement revealed that the LiCl and LiBr have enhanced the hydrophilic properties of the PES membranes thus producing membrane with high permeation and separation rates

GEOMETRIC INEQUALITIES FOR DOUBLY WARPED PRODUCTS POINTWISE BI-SLANT SUBMANIFOLDS IN CONFORMAL SASAKIAN SPACE FORM

In this paper, we have established some geometric inequalities for the squared mean curvature in terms of warping functions of a doubly warped product pointwise bi-slant submanifold of a conformal Sasakian space form with a quarter symmetric metric connection. The equality cases havve also been considered. Moreover, some applications of obtained results are derived